0001043277false00010432772025-08-072025-08-07
    
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report: August 7, 2025
(Date of earliest event reported)
CHR_Logomark_299CP_CMYK (003).jpg
C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commission File Number: 000-23189
Delaware 41-1883630
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

14701 Charlson Road
Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55347
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 952-937-8500

Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par valueCHRWNasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  




    
Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.
On August 7, 2025, Edward G. Feitzinger was elected to the board of directors of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., effective immediately, filling a new position on the board of directors. Mr. Feitzinger, age 58, served as the VP of Global Logistics at Amazon from 2016 to 2020, working across multiple regions for the company's global consumer fulfillment operations, as well as co leading its international expansion strategy. From 2014 to 2016, he was CEO of the $4.2 billion dollar NASDAQ-listed UTi Worldwide Inc., a provider of freight forwarding, contract logistics and distribution services. As CEO, he led over 21,000 employees in 59 countries until the company was acquired by UTi’s European peer, DSV. Prior to his promotion to CEO, from 2012 to 2014, he was EVP of Global Operations where he oversaw Freight Forwarding, Contract Logistics and Distribution Divisions; and from 2010 to 2012, he served as President, Contract Logistics & Distribution. Earlier in his career Mr. Feitzinger spent a number of years with E2E Analytics, a supply chain advisory firm, Menlo Worldwide, which was acquired by UPS and later by XPO, and with Hewlett Packard in various manufacturing and supply chain roles. Mr. Feitzinger holds a Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering from Lehigh University and a Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University.
A copy of the press release announcing Mr. Feitzinger's appointment to the board is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 hereto.
Item 9.01    Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d)    Exhibits

NumberDescription
99.1
104The cover page from the Current Report on Form 8-K formatted in Inline XBRL
        


    
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Date: August 7, 2025
C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.
By:
/s/ Dorothy G. Capers
Dorothy G. Capers
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

Exhibit 99.1
C.H. Robinson Appoints Edward Feitzinger to its Board of Directors

EDEN PRAIRIE, Minnesota (Aug. 7, 2025) — Leading global logistics provider C.H. Robinson Worldwide Inc. (“C.H. Robinson”) (Nasdaq: CHRW), which manages 37 million shipments annually, today announced the appointment of Edward Feitzinger to its board of directors, effective immediately.
Feitzinger, 58, brings more than 30 years of global supply chain leadership, including public company CEO experience, and deep expertise in global freight forwarding and logistics technology. He is currently a partner at Rebar Advisors, a strategic advisory firm made up of former C-suite executives that offers guidance to companies focused on growth.
“Ed’s extensive background in leading large-scale, innovative logistics organizations brings a unique combination of operational expertise, strategic vision, and transformative results to C.H. Robinson’s board,” said board chair Jodee Kozlak. “Throughout his more than 30-year career, Ed has guided organizations through significant growth and complexity and has a proven record of large-scale integration and operational improvement across the logistics sector. Ed’s insight and ability to harness technology and operational scale will directly support C.H. Robinson as we transform supply chains to deliver innovative, customer-focused solutions worldwide while supporting our growth objectives.”
Feitzinger previously served as CEO of UTi Worldwide, a $4.2 billion Nasdaq-listed global freight forwarding and contract logistics company, where he led more than 21,000 employees across 59 countries. He also held senior leadership roles at Amazon, including vice president of global logistics, where he helped expand international fulfillment capabilities and drove significant growth in global marketplace exports, reaching over 100 countries.
“C.H. Robinson stands out as a leader in supply chain innovation,” Feitzinger said. “With its unmatched scale, deep bench of logistics experts, and cutting-edge technology, including industry-leading applications of artificial intelligence, the company is well-positioned to help customers transform their supply chains into a source of strength in an increasingly complex environment. I look forward to contributing to its continued industry leadership and growth.”
Feitzinger holds a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering from Lehigh University and a master’s degree in industrial engineering from Stanford University.
With this appointment, the C.H. Robinson board of directors now comprises eleven directors, ten of whom are independent.
About C.H. Robinson
C.H. Robinson delivers logistics like no one else™. Companies around the world look to us to reimagine supply chains, advance freight technology, and solve logistics challenges—from the simple to the most complex. 83,000 customers and 450,000 contract carriers in our network trust us to manage 37 million shipments and $23 billion in freight annually. Through our unmatched expertise, unrivaled scale, and tailored solutions, we ensure the seamless delivery of goods across industries and continents via truckload, less-than-truckload, ocean, air, and beyond. As a responsible global citizen, we make supply chains more sustainable and proudly contribute millions to the causes that matter most to our employees. For more information, visit us at chrobinson.com (Nasdaq: CHRW).


Exhibit 99.1
FOR INVESTOR INQUIRIES, CONTACT:FOR MEDIA INQUIRIES, CONTACT:
Chuck Ives, Senior Director of Investor RelationsDuncan Burns, Chief Communications Officer
Email: chuck.ives@chrobinson.comEmail: PublicRelations@chrobinson.com
Source: C.H. Robinson
CHRW- IR

v3.25.2
Cover Page
Aug. 07, 2025
Cover [Abstract]  
Document Type 8-K
Document Period End Date Aug. 07, 2025
Entity Registrant Name C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key 0001043277
Amendment Flag false
Entity File Number 000-23189
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE
Entity Tax Identification Number 41-1883630
Entity Address, Address Line One 14701 Charlson Road
Entity Address, City or Town Eden Prairie
Entity Address, State or Province MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 55347
City Area Code 952
Local Phone Number 937-8500
Written Communications false
Soliciting Material false
Pre-commencement Tender Offer false
Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer false
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $0.10 par value
Trading Symbol CHRW
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ
Entity Emerging Growth Company false

{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "chrw-20250807.htm": {
   "nsprefix": "chrw",
   "nsuri": "http://www.chrobinson.com/20250807",
   "dts": {
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "chrw-20250807.htm"
     ]
    },
    "schema": {
     "local": [
      "chrw-20250807.xsd"
     ],
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd"
     ]
    },
    "labelLink": {
     "local": [
      "chrw-20250807_lab.xml"
     ]
    },
    "presentationLink": {
     "local": [
      "chrw-20250807_pre.xml"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 22,
   "keyCustom": 0,
   "axisStandard": 0,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 0,
   "memberCustom": 0,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 2,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 2
   },
   "contextCount": 1,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 0,
   "elementCount": 23,
   "unitCount": 0,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025": 22
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage",
     "longName": "0000001 - Document - Cover Page",
     "shortName": "Cover Page",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "document",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c-1",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "span",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "chrw-20250807.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "c-1",
      "name": "dei:DocumentType",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "span",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "chrw-20250807.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "dei_AmendmentFlag": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "AmendmentFlag",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Amendment Flag",
        "label": "Amendment Flag",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CityAreaCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CityAreaCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "City Area Code",
        "label": "City Area Code",
        "documentation": "Area code of city"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_CoverAbstract": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "CoverAbstract",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Cover page.",
        "label": "Cover [Abstract]",
        "documentation": "Cover page."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentPeriodEndDate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Document Period End Date",
        "label": "Document Period End Date",
        "documentation": "For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_DocumentType": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "DocumentType",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Document Type",
        "label": "Document Type",
        "documentation": "The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressAddressLine1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Address, Address Line One",
        "label": "Entity Address, Address Line One",
        "documentation": "Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressCityOrTown",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Address, City or Town",
        "label": "Entity Address, City or Town",
        "documentation": "Name of the City or Town"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressPostalZipCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Address, Postal Zip Code",
        "label": "Entity Address, Postal Zip Code",
        "documentation": "Code for the postal or zip code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince": {
     "xbrltype": "stateOrProvinceItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityAddressStateOrProvince",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Address, State or Province",
        "label": "Entity Address, State or Province",
        "documentation": "Name of the state or province."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityEmergingGrowthCompany",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Emerging Growth Company",
        "label": "Entity Emerging Growth Company",
        "documentation": "Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityFileNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityFileNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity File Number",
        "label": "Entity File Number",
        "documentation": "Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarStateCountryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code",
        "label": "Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code",
        "documentation": "Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "employerIdItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "EntityTaxIdentificationNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Entity Tax Identification Number",
        "label": "Entity Tax Identification Number",
        "documentation": "The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "dei_LocalPhoneNumber": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "LocalPhoneNumber",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Local Phone Number",
        "label": "Local Phone Number",
        "documentation": "Local phone number for entity."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer",
        "label": "Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "PreCommencementTenderOffer",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Pre-commencement Tender Offer",
        "label": "Pre-commencement Tender Offer",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5"
     ]
    },
    "dei_Security12bTitle": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "Security12bTitle",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Title of 12(b) Security",
        "label": "Title of 12(b) Security",
        "documentation": "Title of a 12(b) registered security."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SecurityExchangeName": {
     "xbrltype": "edgarExchangeCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "SecurityExchangeName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Security Exchange Name",
        "label": "Security Exchange Name",
        "documentation": "Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "dei_SolicitingMaterial": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "SolicitingMaterial",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Soliciting Material",
        "label": "Soliciting Material",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r4"
     ]
    },
    "dei_TradingSymbol": {
     "xbrltype": "tradingSymbolItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "TradingSymbol",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Trading Symbol",
        "label": "Trading Symbol",
        "documentation": "Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "dei_WrittenCommunications": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025",
     "localname": "WrittenCommunications",
     "presentation": [
      "http://www.chrobinson.com/role/CoverPage"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Written Communications",
        "label": "Written Communications",
        "documentation": "Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "d1-1"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "13e",
   "Subsection": "4c"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "14a",
   "Subsection": "12"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "14d",
   "Subsection": "2b"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "425"
  }
 }
}