REGISTRATION STATEMENT |
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UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
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Pre-Effective Amendment No. |
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Post-Effective Amendment No. |
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT |
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UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
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Amendment No. |
Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans. |
Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan. |
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto. |
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act. |
Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act. |
when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) of the Securities Act |
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486 |
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486 |
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486 |
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486 |
This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement]. |
This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)). |
Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act). |
Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act). |
A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form). |
Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act). |
Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). |
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If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. |
New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing). |
• | Market Dislocations and Relative Value |
• | Event Driven |
• | Proprietary Sourcing |
• | Stressed Credits |
• | Structured Products |
• | Illiquidity Premium |
• | Asset-Based Finance |
• | Junior Debt pay-in-kind non-convertible equity—issued by companies in defensive sectors. |
• | Direct Lending |
Offering Price 1 |
Maximum Sales Load |
Proceeds to the Fund 2 | ||||
Class I Shares |
Current NAV | None | $ amount invested at current NAV | |||
Class D Shares |
Current NAV | None | $ amount invested at current NAV | |||
Class T Shares |
Current NAV plus sales load | 2.00% | $ amount invested at current NAV | |||
Class U Shares |
Current NAV | None | $ amount invested at current NAV | |||
Class PI Shares |
Current NAV 3 |
None | $ amount invested at current NAV | |||
Class PT Shares |
Current NAV plus sales load 3 |
3.00% | $ amount invested at current NAV |
1 | Each class of Shares is continuously offered at a price equal to net asset value (“NAV”), and, in the case of Class T Shares and Class PT Shares, plus a maximum sales load of 2.00% and 3.00% of the offering price, respectively. Information in the table reflects the initial offering price. |
2 | Through February 28, 2026, the Adviser has agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund so that certain of the Fund’s expenses (“Specified Expenses”) will not exceed 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized). The Fund has agreed to repay these amounts, when and if requested by the Adviser, but only if and to the extent that Specified Expenses are less than 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized) (or, if a lower expense limit is then in effect, such lower limit) within the 36-month period after the Adviser bears the expense. |
3 | The initial offering price of Class PI Shares and Class PT Shares will be $25.00 per share on the date of the commencement of the offering of Class PI Shares and Class PT Shares. Thereafter, Class PI Shares will be continuously offered at a price equal to NAV, and Class PT Shares will be continuously offered at a price equal to NAV plus a maximum sales load of 3.00% of the offering price. |
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The Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Fund and should be viewed as a long-term investment. |
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The Fund intends to accrue and declare distributions daily and distribute them on a monthly basis; however, the amount of distributions that the Fund may pay, if any, is uncertain. |
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The Fund, from time to time, pays distributions in significant part from sources that may not be available in the future and that are unrelated to the Fund’s performance, such as a return of capital. |
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An investor could be subject to a sales load of up to 2.00% for Class T Shares and a sales load of up to 3.00% for Class PT Shares. |
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The Shares have no history of public trading, nor is it intended at this time that the Shares will be listed on a public exchange. No secondary market is expected to develop for the Shares, liquidity for the Shares will be provided only through repurchase offers at NAV and there is no guarantee that an investor will be able to sell all the Shares the investor desires to sell in a repurchase offer. Due to these restrictions, an investor should consider an investment in the Fund to be illiquid. Investing in Shares is speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including the risks associated with leverage. |
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154 |
The Fund |
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio is a diversified, closed-end management investment company that continuously offers its shares (“Shares”) and is operated as an “interval fund.” Throughout the prospectus, we refer to KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio as the “Fund” or as “we.” |
Investment Objective |
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns and high current income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) without Shareholder approval. |
Investment Strategies |
The Fund invests in a select portfolio of the Fund’s investment adviser’s (the “Adviser”) publicly traded and private credit through exposure to two of its primary credit strategies: (a) Opportunistic Credit, a conviction-based approach investing in a portfolio consisting primarily of publicly traded high yield bonds (commonly referred to as “junk” bonds), first- and second-lien secured bank loans and structured credit (e.g., collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) mezzanine debt) and (b) Private Credit, which includes directly originated hard and financial asset-based lending, corporate mezzanine debt, as well as directly originated first-lien, second-lien and unitranche senior loans to upper middle-market companies. |
In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its Managed Assets (defined below) in senior and subordinated corporate debt and debt related instruments. Debt related instruments include bonds, secured bank loans, convertible securities, structured products (such as CLOs), convertible debt securities, repurchase agreements and municipal securities. The debt and debt related instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries, including emerging market countries. The Fund can invest without limit in below investment grade debt related instruments. When determining the attractiveness of anticipated return levels, the Adviser considers the risks inherent in the underlying investments. |
The Fund, under normal circumstances, invests 70-80% of its Managed Assets in the Opportunistic Credit strategy and 20-30% of its Managed Assets in the Private Credit Strategy, though the Fund’s allocation in investments could vary from these guidelines at any time in the Fund’s discretion. On at least a quarterly basis, the Fund’s Investment Committee (the “Investment Committee”) meets to, among other things, review and establish the allocation percentage between the Opportunistic Credit Strategy and Private Credit Strategy for the ensuing period. The Investment Committee considers factors such as KKR’s (defined below) macro-economic and market outlooks, assessment of the relative risk and return of each strategy, |
and other factors in making its determination. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). |
Opportunistic Credit Strategy |
The Opportunistic Credit Strategy’s investment objective is to provide an attractive risk-adjusted return through investment in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities and financial instruments. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser utilizes a high conviction credit strategy with a broad mandate and flexibility to toggle among various asset classes including, but not limited to, junk bonds, first- and second-lien secured bank loans and structured credit (i.e., CLO mezzanine debt) and thematic approaches to investing depending on the credit market environment. Themes include (in order of expected weighting): |
• | Market Dislocations and Relative Value |
• | Event Driven |
• | Proprietary Sourcing |
• | Stressed Credits |
• | Structured Products |
• | Illiquidity Premium |
Private Credit Strategy |
The Private Credit Strategy’s investment objective is to deliver attractive returns primarily in the form of contractual interest or coupon payments with a focus on principal protection, diversification, and, to a lesser degree, potential capital appreciation. The strategy |
makes investments in directly originated and negotiated financing instruments in what we believe are underserved and/or mispriced asset classes resultant from the withdrawal of global financial institutions from the financing market place and seeks to earn a premium for originating and holding a loan or other instrument to maturity. Private Credit strategies can include: |
• | Asset-Based Finance |
• | Junior Debt pay-in-kind non-convertible equity—issued by companies in defensive sectors. |
• | Direct Lending |
KKR employs a holistic approach toward origination that is focused on partnering with high-quality borrowers and sponsors and serving as a solutions provider for their capital needs. We strive to understand the goals of borrowers and structure appropriate financing solutions that are tailored to meet their specific objectives. The breadth of our credit and capital markets platforms is crucial to exploring and creating these opportunities, as it enables us to provide a “one-stop” solution for a borrower’s entire capital structure. KKR’s credit team (the “KKR Credit Team”) seeks to conduct deep due diligence (including, among other things, an evaluation of the quality of cash flows of the underlying investment, strengths and weaknesses in a borrower’s cost structure, cost structure relative to competitors and quality of suppliers) on each investment, with a focus on investing in debt instruments of companies where it believes KKR has a competitive advantage or a differentiated view. The Fund can invest without limit in originated loans. The Fund can originate loans of any maturity or duration to borrowers located both within the United States and outside the United States. |
The Adviser, a subsidiary of KKR & Co. Inc. (together with the Adviser and its other affiliates, “KKR”), uses KKR’s global network of resources, due diligence skills, intellectual capital and experience in seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. The Adviser employs a fundamentally-driven investment approach that is based on deep credit underwriting and rigorous financial analysis. Because KKR has deep experience in credit and private equity underwriting, the Adviser’s investment approach is designed to incorporate valuable characteristics of both. The Adviser seeks to reallocate the portfolio of the Fund to opportunistically emphasize those investments, categories of investments and geographic exposures believed to be best suited to contribute to the achievement of the Fund’s investment objective under the market conditions existing at the time of investment. |
The Fund seeks to leverage the diverse backgrounds and many years of experience in portfolio management, investing, finance and economics of the KKR Credit Team, as well as the global network and proprietary resources of KKR to source, diligence and execute attractive investment opportunities. |
The Fund relies on an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permits it to, among other things, co-invest with certain other persons, including certain affiliates of the Adviser and certain public or private funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. |
The Fund’s investment strategies are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval. |
The Offering |
The Fund offers Institutional Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares, Class PI Shares and Class PT Shares. The Fund has been granted exemptive relief from the SEC that permits the Fund to issue multiple classes of Shares and to impose asset-based distribution fees and early-withdrawal fees. |
Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class U Shares and Class PI Shares are offered on a continuous basis at net asset value (“NAV”) per Share. Class T Shares and Class PT Shares are offered on a continuous basis at NAV per Share, plus a maximum sales load of 2.00% and 3.00%, respectively. Proceeds from the offering will be held by the Fund’s Custodian (defined below). Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares, Class PI Shares and Class PT Shares have equal rights and privileges with each other. |
The Fund and the Distributor (defined below) reserve the right to reject a purchase order for any reason. Shareholders do not have the right to redeem their Shares. However, as described below, in order to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund conducts quarterly repurchase offers of 10% to 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV. The Fund currently conducts quarterly repurchase offers for 10% of its outstanding Shares under ordinary circumstances. |
Minimum Investment |
The minimum initial investment for Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares is $10,000 per account, and the minimum initial investment for Class I Shares and Class PI Shares is $1,000,000 per account. The minimum subsequent investment in the Fund per account is $500. The minimum investment for each class of Shares can be modified or waived in the sole discretion of the Fund or the Distributor (defined below), including for certain financial firms that submit orders on behalf of their customers, the Trustees of the Fund and certain employees of KKR, including its affiliates, vehicles controlled by such employees and their extended family members. |
Periodic Repurchase Offers |
The Fund has adopted a fundamental policy, which may only be changed with Shareholder approval, to provide liquidity to Shareholders by conducting quarterly repurchase offers of 10% to 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV. The Fund currently conducts quarterly repurchase offers for 10% of its outstanding Shares under ordinary circumstances. |
Notification of each quarterly repurchase offer will be made available to Shareholders at least 21 calendar days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders must tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). |
The Fund has not listed and does not intend to list its Shares for trading on any securities exchange. There is currently no secondary market for its Shares and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for its Shares. Accordingly, you may not be able to sell Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire. Thus, the Shares are appropriate only for long-term investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares. Investors should consider their investment goals, time horizons and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers could subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks. See “Risks—Repurchase Offers Risk.” |
Leverage |
In pursuing the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser seeks to enhance the Fund’s return by the use of leverage. The Fund is permitted to obtain leverage using any form or combination of financial leverage instruments, including through funds borrowed from banks or other financial institutions (i.e., a credit facility), margin facilities, the issuance of preferred shares or notes and leverage attributable to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions in an aggregate amount up to 33 1/3% of its Managed Assets. The Fund, under normal circumstances, uses leverage in an aggregate amount equal to approximately 25-30% of its Managed Assets (which equates to approximately 33-43% of its net assets). The Fund, from time to time, uses leverage opportunistically and chooses to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, from time to time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” |
Distributions |
The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income to Shareholders in the form of dividends. The Fund intends to distribute its net investment income monthly. The Fund intends to accrue and declare distributions from net investment income daily and distribute them on a monthly basis. The amount of distributions that the Fund may pay, if any, is uncertain. |
If the Fund realizes a long-term capital gain, it will be required to allocate such gain between the Shares and any preferred shares issued by the Fund in proportion to the total distributions paid to each class for the year in which the income is realized. |
Various factors affect the level of the Fund’s income, including the asset mix, the average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio, the amount of leverage used by the Fund and the Fund’s use of hedging. To permit the Fund to maintain a more stable monthly distribution, the Fund will, from time to time, distribute less than the entire amount of income earned in a particular period. The undistributed income would be available to supplement future distributions. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular monthly period could be more or less than the amount of income actually earned by the Fund during that period. Undistributed income will add to the Fund’s NAV (and indirectly benefit the Adviser and the Administrator (defined below) by increasing their fees) and, correspondingly, distributions from the Fund’s income will reduce the Fund’s NAV. |
In the event that for any calendar year the total distributions on the Fund’s preferred shares exceed the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such shares, the excess distributions will generally be treated as a tax free return of capital (to the extent of the Shareholder’s tax basis in the shares). The amount treated as a tax-free return of capital will reduce a Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the preferred shares, thereby increasing the Shareholder’s potential taxable gain or reducing the potential taxable loss on the sale of the shares. Any amount in excess of a Shareholder’s remaining outstanding basis will constitute gain to such Shareholder. |
Adviser |
The Adviser serves as the Fund’s investment adviser pursuant to the terms of an investment advisory agreement with the Fund. The Adviser, a subsidiary of KKR, is a leading manager of non-investment grade debt and public equities. The Adviser was formed as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware on June 24, 2004 and is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Adviser currently serves as an investment adviser of certain unregistered private investment companies and a registered investment company. The Adviser uses KKR’s global network of resources, due diligence skills, intellectual capital and experience in seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. KKR is a leading global investment firm that operates an integrated global platform for sourcing and executing investments across multiple industries, asset classes and geographies. |
As of September 30, 2024, KKR had over $624 billion in assets under management. As of September 30, 2024, the Adviser had over $271.4 billion in assets under management. |
Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Adviser receives an annual fee, payable monthly by the Fund, in an amount equal to 1.30% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets (the “Management Fee”). |
Administrator |
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as administrator to the Fund (the “Administrator”). Under the administration agreement, the Administrator is responsible for generally managing the administrative affairs of the Fund. |
The Administrator is entitled to receive a monthly fee based on the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, plus out-of-pocket |
Custodian and Transfer Agent |
U.S. Bank, N.A. serves as the Fund’s custodian (the “Custodian”). SS&C GIDS, Inc. serves as the Fund’s transfer agent. |
Distributor |
KKR Capital Markets LLC (the “Distributor”) is the principal underwriter and distributor of the Shares and serves in that capacity on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Distributor has entered into a sub-distribution agreement (the “Sub-Distribution Agreement”) with Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Sub-Distributor”). |
Shares are offered through other brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries (referred to as “selling agents”) that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor or Sub-Distributor and that are authorized to receive purchase orders and repurchase requests on the Fund’s behalf. Such selling agents may designate other financial intermediaries to receive purchase orders and, if applicable, repurchase requests from investors on behalf of the Fund and its selling agents. Selling agents typically receive the sales load with respect to Class T Shares and Class PT Shares purchased by their clients. The Distributor does not retain any portion of the sales load. Class T Shares and Class PT Shares are sold subject to a maximum sales load of up to 2.00% and 3.00% of the offering price, respectively. However, purchases of Class T Shares and Class PT Shares may be eligible for a sales load discount. See “Purchase of Shares – Sales Loads.” The selling agents may, in their sole discretion, reduce or waive the sales load on a non-scheduled basis in individual cases. Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class U Shares and Class PI Shares are each not subject to a sales load; however, investors could be required to pay brokerage commissions on purchases and sales of Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class U Shares and Class PI Shares to their selling agents. Investors should consult with their selling agents about the sales load and any additional fees or charges their selling agents might impose on each class of Shares. |
The Fund pays the Distributor an ongoing fee (the “Shareholder Servicing Fee”) that is calculated and accrued monthly at an annualized rate of 0.25% of the net assets of the Fund attributable to Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. The Shareholder Servicing Fee is for personal services provided to |
Shareholders and/or the maintenance of Shareholder accounts services and to reimburse the Distributor for related expenses incurred. The Distributor generally pays all or a portion of the Shareholder Servicing Fee to the selling agents that sell Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. Payment of the Shareholder Servicing Fee is governed by the Fund’s Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreement. |
In addition, the Fund pays the Distributor an ongoing distribution fee (the “Distribution Fee”) that is calculated and accrued monthly at an annualized rate of 0.50% of the net assets of the Fund attributable to Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. The Distribution Fee is for the sale and marketing of the Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares and to reimburse the Distributor for related expenses incurred. The Distributor generally pays all or a portion of the Distribution Fee to the selling agents that sell Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. Payment of the Distribution Fee is governed by the Fund’s Distribution and Service Plan. |
Class I Shares and Class PI Shares do not incur a Shareholder Servicing Fee or Distribution Fee, and Class D Shares do not incur a Distribution Fee. |
Under the terms of the Sub-Distribution Agreement, the Distributor is responsible for paying the Sub-Distributor for its services. |
Expenses Limitation and Reimbursement |
Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement, through February 28, 2026, the Adviser has agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund so that certain of the Fund’s expenses (“Specified Expenses”) will not exceed 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized). The Fund has agreed to repay these amounts on a monthly basis, but only if and to the extent that Specified Expenses are less than 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized) (or, if a lower expense limit is then in effect, such lower limit) within the 36-month period after the Adviser bears the expense. This arrangement cannot be terminated prior to February 28, 2026 without the Board’s consent. “Specified Expenses” is defined to include all expenses incurred in the business of the Fund, including organizational costs, with the exception of (i) the Management Fee, (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee, (iii) the Distribution Fee, (iv) brokerage costs, (v) dividend/interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vi) taxes, and (vii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Adviser). |
Investor Suitability |
An investment in the Fund involves a considerable amount of risk. It is possible that you will lose money. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for long-term investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares. Before making your investment decision, you should (i) consider the suitability of |
this investment with respect to your investment objective and personal financial situation and (ii) consider factors such as your personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. An investment in the Fund should not be viewed as a complete investment program. |
Risks |
Investing in the Fund involves risks, including the risk that you may receive little or no return on your investment or that you may lose part or all of your investment. Below is a summary of the principal risks of investing in the Fund. You should consider carefully the following principal risks before investing in the Fund. |
Repurchase Offers Risk. |
If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Board has authority to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, but is not obligated to do so. In the event that the Board determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis. In that case, Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, |
Shareholders could be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular month, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. Between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Shares is determined, the Fund is subject to market and other risks and the NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer could decline. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund is generally a taxable event to Shareholders. |
Investment and Market Risk. |
The Fund is materially affected by market, economic and political conditions and events, such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which it invests or operates, including factors affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates and trade barriers. For example, COVID-19 adversely impacted, and any future outbreaks could adversely impact, the markets and economy in general, including the companies in which the Fund invests, and could harm Fund performance. Epidemics and pandemics have and may further result in, among other things, travel restrictions, closure of international borders, certain businesses and securities markets, restrictions on securities trading activities, quarantines, supply chain disruptions and reduced consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. Market, economic and political conditions and events are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. |
Ongoing events in the subprime mortgage market and other areas of the fixed income markets have caused significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility in the leveraged loan and bond markets, as well as in the wider global financial markets. To the extent portfolio companies and other issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments participate in or have exposure to such markets, the results of their operations could be adversely affected. In addition, to the extent that such economic and market events and conditions reoccur, this would |
have a further adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally. Global economic conditions could adversely impact the financial resources and credit quality of corporate and other borrowers in which the Fund invests and result in the inability of such borrowers to make principal and interest payments on, or refinance, outstanding debt when due. |
In the event of such defaults, the Fund could suffer a partial or total loss of their investment in such borrowers, which would, in turn, have an adverse effect on the Fund’s returns. Such economic and market events and conditions also could restrict the ability of the Fund to sell or liquidate investments at favorable times or for favorable prices (although such events and conditions would not necessarily foreclose the Fund’s ability to hold such investments until maturity). It is possible that the value of the Fund’s investments will not generate expected current proceeds or appreciate as anticipated and could suffer a loss. |
Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances can vary significantly. |
The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution could cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and could adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis. |
Illiquid and Long-Term Investments Risk. |
Although investments by the Fund are expected to generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur only upon the partial or complete repayment or disposition of such investment, as to which there can be no certainty. The Fund’s investments are speculative in nature and, particularly where leverage is used by the Fund, there can be no assurance that current income received by the Fund will be sufficient to service the Fund’s debt or that any investor will receive a return of his or her invested capital or any distribution from the Fund. While an investment can be sold or repaid at any time, this will occur typically a number of years after the investment is made, and investors should expect that they will not receive a return of their capital for a long period of time even if the Fund’s investments prove successful. |
Certain investments by the Fund could be in securities that are or become publicly traded and are therefore subject to the risks inherent in investing in public companies (including new issues of securities). These factors are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. In addition, in some cases the Fund could be prohibited by contract or other limitations from selling such securities for a period of time so that the Fund is unable to take advantage of favorable market prices. The Fund will likely not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public companies, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as with investments in private companies. Furthermore, it can be expected from time to time that the Fund will be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in public or private companies because KKR could be deemed to have material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to make investments in public companies that the Adviser otherwise deems appropriate or, if it does, as to the amount it will so invest. Moreover, the inability to sell investments in public or private companies in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the investment results of the Fund. The Fund also invests in securities exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which investment is likely to raise many of the same issues and risks discussed above. It is possible that the Adviser, in its sole discretion, will decline to receive material nonpublic information in respect of a public company in which the Fund has invested that would otherwise be available to it to avoid being restricted from trading in securities issued by such public company or to avoid the Adviser or its affiliates being so restricted on behalf of other funds, vehicles or accounts sponsored, managed or advised by KKR or any of its affiliates. See “Conflicts of Interest”. |
Fixed-Income Instruments Risk. |
prices of the Fund’s investments change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, when interest rates rise, the values of fixed-income instruments fall and vice versa. In typical interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term fixed-income instruments generally fluctuate more than the prices of shorter-term fixed-income instruments as interest rates change. These risks are more pronounced in a rapidly changing interest rate environment. Most high yield investments pay a fixed rate of interest and are therefore vulnerable to inflation risk. |
From time to time, the obligor of a fixed-income instrument will not be able or willing to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of the associated agreement. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner will be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow. Commercial bank lenders could be able to contest payments to the holders of other debt obligations of the same obligor in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements. |
Interest Rate Risk . non-U.S. financial markets. The Fund expects that it will periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. In a changing interest rate environment, the Adviser might not be able to manage this risk effectively. If the Adviser is unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, the Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. |
Senior Loans Risk. |
Senior Loans usually include restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund will, from time to time, have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the borrower. |
Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, although having a stated term, can be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments will be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a Senior Loan to be shorter than its stated maturity. |
Senior Loans typically are secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund invests in Senior Loans that are secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral could decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. |
Senior Loans generally are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most Senior Loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act, or registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). No active trading market exists for some Senior Loans, and some Senior Loans are subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, at times, the Fund will not be able to readily dispose of its Senior Loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund will, from time to time, have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of Senior Loans, the Fund’s yield could be lower. See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk.” |
If legislation or government regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of Senior Loans for investment by the Fund will be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain Borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. See “Investment Objectives and Investment Strategies—Portfolio Composition—Senior Loans” and “Risks—Senior Loans Risk.” |
Credit Risk. non-payment of scheduled interest or principal by the borrowers with respect to such investments. Such non-payment would likely result in a reduction of income to the Fund and a reduction in the value of the debt investments experiencing non-payment. |
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which exceeds the principal amount of the investments at the time of initial investment. There can be no assurance, though, that the liquidation of |
any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment will be released without the consent of the Fund. The Fund, from time to time, also invests in high yield instruments and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than Senior Loans. The Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, could be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of more senior creditors. Certain of these investments will have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In this case, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment could be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain. |
Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable could operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, could require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position or could otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress. |
Leverage Risk. |
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally may not (1) borrow money in an amount greater than 33 1/3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets or (2) issue preferred shares in an amount, when aggregated with any indebtedness outstanding, greater than 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. |
The SEC rule related to the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and certain other transactions by registered investment companies requires that if the Fund trades derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions), it must do so subject to value-at-risk |
“limited derivatives users” exception. When the Fund trades reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, including certain tender option bonds, it needs to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund’s asset coverage ratio as discussed above or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions. The Fund will calculate any leverage it incurs and satisfy any asset coverage requirements in compliance with SEC rules with respect to the use of derivatives. The SEC also provided guidance in connection with the rule regarding the use of securities lending collateral that may limit the Fund’s securities lending activities. In addition, the Fund is permitted to invest in a security on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security, provided that (i) the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Fund treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, the Fund will be permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Fund reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to use derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of its investment strategies. |
Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and return for Shareholders but, at the same time, creates risks, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be magnified if the Fund uses leverage. In particular, leverage can magnify interest rate risk, which is the risk that the prices of portfolio securities will fall (or rise) if market interest rates for those types of securities rise (or fall). As a result, leverage can cause greater changes in the Fund’s NAV, which will be borne entirely by the Shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to investment restrictions of one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) and/or credit facility lenders as a result of its use of financial leverage. These restrictions could impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or portfolio requirements will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment |
objectives and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund will not be able to use as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes it issues or credit facility it enters into would contain covenants that, among other things, impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board and Shareholders to change fundamental investment policies. |
The costs of a financial leverage program (including the costs of offering preferred shares and notes) will be borne entirely by Shareholders and consequently will result in a reduction of the NAV of the shares. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid by the Fund for investment advisory services will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the investment advisory fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets, which includes proceeds from (and assets subject to) any credit facility, margin facility, any issuance of preferred shares or notes, any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. This will create a conflict of interest between the Adviser, on the one hand, and Shareholders, on the other hand. To seek to monitor this potential conflict, the Board intends to periodically review the Fund’s use of leverage, including its impact on Fund performance and on the Adviser’s fees. |
The Fund can also offset derivative positions against one another or against other assets to manage the effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. In addition, to the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund could perform as if it were leveraged. The Fund’s use of leverage could create the opportunity for a higher return for Shareholders but would also result in special risks for Shareholders and can magnify the effect of any losses. If the income and gains earned on the securities and investments purchased with leverage proceeds are greater than the cost of the leverage, the return on the shares will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income and gains from the securities and investments purchased with such proceeds do not cover the cost of leverage, the return on the shares will be less than if leverage had not been used. There is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful. |
Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk. |
the first lien or it could be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than Senior Loans of the same borrower. |
Mezzanine Securities Risk. (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. |
Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk. over-the-counter |
securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and interest thereon, thereby increasing the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, could also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt investments. |
Stressed and Distressed Investments Risk. |
Risk of Investments in Highly Leveraged Companies. |
Risk of Investments in Companies in Regulated Industries. |
Risk of Investments in the Airline Industry. COVID-19 outbreak and related travel restrictions. Additionally, the airline industry is highly sensitive to general economic trends, and any |
Risk of Investments in the Shipping Industry. non-U.S. “Risks—Non-U.S. Securities Risks”); (iii) labor-relatedCOVID-19 outbreak. |
Energy-Related Investments Risk. |
Ordinary operation or the occurrence of an accident, with respect to an energy asset, could cause major environmental damage, which could result in significant financial distress to such asset. Certain environmental laws and regulations require that an owner or operator of an energy asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. As a result, certain of the Fund’s investments in the energy sector could be exposed to substantial risk of loss from environmental claims. Furthermore, changes in environmental laws or regulations or the environmental condition of an energy investment could create liabilities that did not exist at the time of the investment by the Fund and that could not have been foreseen. Community and environmental groups might protest about the development or operation of energy assets, which could induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. New and more stringent environmental or health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements, or stricter interpretations of current laws, regulations or requirements, could impose substantial additional costs on the issuer of a portfolio investment. Some of the most onerous environmental requirements regulate air emissions of pollutants and |
greenhouse gases; these requirements particularly affect companies in the power and energy industry. |
Additionally, for example, the COVID-19 outbreak and the resulting slowdown in economic activity reduced the demand for various natural resources, including oil, and increased the price volatility of natural resources and companies within the energy industry. Companies in the energy industry were adversely impacted by the reduced demand and by price competition among key oil producing countries. |
Real Estate Investments Risk. |
Real estate assets generally will be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related assets and/or risks incident to the making of nonrecourse mortgage loans secured by real estate, including risks associated with both the domestic and international general economic climates; local real estate conditions; risks due to dependence on cash flow; risks and operating problems arising out of the absence of certain construction materials; changes in supply of, or demand for, competing properties in an area (as a result, for instance, of overbuilding); the financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties; changes in availability of debt financing; energy and supply shortages; changes in the tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws and regulations; various uninsured or uninsurable risks; natural disasters; and the ability of the Fund or third-party borrowers to manage the real properties. The Fund could incur the burdens of ownership of real property, which include the paying of expenses and taxes, maintaining such property and any improvements thereon, and ultimately disposing of such property. |
The Fund invests in a real estate asset on a passive basis, giving a third-party operating partner and/or property manager a large degree of authority and responsibility for daily management of the assets and, therefore, will, in large part, be dependent on the ability of third parties to successfully operate the underlying real estate assets. There is no assurance that there will be a ready market for resale of investments because investments in real estate generally are not liquid; holding periods accordingly are difficult to predict, particularly as business plans can be revised to adapt to changing economic, business and financial conditions. |
Significant expenditures associated with real estate assets, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the assets. |
The insurance coverage applicable to real estate assets contains policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties, business activities and markets. There could be certain losses, including losses from floods and losses from earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that are not generally insured against or that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed to be economically feasible or prudent to do so. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs with respect to a real estate asset, the Fund could experience a significant loss and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with the property. |
Under various U.S., state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner, developer or operator of real estate could be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances at, on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation of such substances could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of such hazardous substances. The Fund attempts to assess such risks as part of their due diligence activities, but cannot give any assurance that such conditions do not exist or might not arise in the future. The presence of such substances on the real estate assets could adversely affect the ability to sell such investments or to borrow using such assets as collateral. |
Certain loans acquired or made by the Fund could be secured by real estate. To the extent the Fund needs to foreclose on such loans, the Fund could, directly or indirectly, own such real estate and would be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate. |
From time to time, real estate loans or participation interests therein acquired by the Fund will at the time of their acquisition be, or may become after acquisition, non-performing for a wide variety of reasons. Such non-performing real estate loans could require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which could entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write down of the principal of such loans. However, even if a restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that upon maturity of such real estate loan, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available. Purchases of participations in real estate loans raise many of the same risks as investments in real estate loans and also carry risks of illiquidity and lack of control. |
The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against the holder of a real estate loan including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions have no basis |
in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action. In some jurisdictions, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to conclude. During the foreclosure proceedings, a borrower could have the ability to file for bankruptcy, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and could result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management of the property. |
Short Selling Risk. |
Until the Fund replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it could be required to post cash or liquid assets with a broker. Generally, securities posted with a broker cannot be sold. The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral might also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances, the Fund will not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral and could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. It is likely that the Fund could obtain only a limited recovery or could obtain no recovery in these circumstances. |
Because losses on short sales arise from increases in the value of the security sold short, such losses are theoretically unlimited. By contrast, a loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security and is limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot decrease below zero. In addition, engaging in short selling could limit the Fund’s ability to fully benefit from increases in the fixed-income markets. |
By investing the proceeds received from selling securities short, the Fund could be deemed to be employing a form of leverage, which creates special risks. The use of leverage would increase the Fund’s exposure to long securities positions and make any change in the Fund’s NAV greater than it would be without the use of leverage. This could result in increased volatility of returns. There is no guarantee that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” |
In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund might not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy. |
Prepayment Risk. |
Credit Derivatives Risk. |
Derivatives Risk. |
The counterparty risk for cleared derivative transactions is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivatives because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Fund. Exchange trading will generally increase market transparency and liquidity but could cause the Fund to incur increased expenses. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearing house and by a clearing member could be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar OTC derivative transaction. However, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared OTC derivative transactions which could result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared OTC derivative transactions. |
Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund invests will, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which could result in lost opportunities for gain. |
OTC derivatives generally are more difficult to purchase, sell or value than other investments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets can experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets can be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract could be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund would continue to be required to make cash payments of variation (or mark-to-market) |
Derivatives transactions also are subject to operational risk, including from documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error, and legal risk, including risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract. |
The derivatives markets have become subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. In particular, in the United States the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) regulates the OTC derivatives market by, among other things, requiring many derivative transactions to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expanding entity registration requirements, imposing business conduct requirements on dealers and requiring banks to move some |
derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. Rulemaking proposed or implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or could change availability of certain investments. |
Regulation of the derivatives market presents additional risks to the Fund and may limit the ability of the Fund to use, and the availability or performance of such instruments. For instance, under Rule 18f-4, a fund’s derivatives exposure is limited through a value-at-risk 18f-4. Rule 18f-4 could limit the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives and other transactions. |
The Fund’s investments in regulated derivatives instruments, such as swaps, futures and options, will be subject to maximum position limits established by the CFTC and U.S. and foreign futures exchanges. Under the exchange rules all accounts owned or managed by advisers, such as the Adviser, their principals and affiliates would be combined for position limit purposes. In order to comply with the position limits established by the CFTC and the relevant exchanges, the Adviser could in the future reduce the size of positions that would otherwise be taken for the Fund or not trade in certain markets on behalf of the Fund in order to avoid exceeding such limits. A violation of position limits by the Adviser could lead to regulatory action resulting in mandatory liquidation of certain positions held by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will liquidate positions held on behalf of all the Adviser’s accounts in a proportionate manner or at favorable prices, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. Such policies could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund. |
Structured Products Risk. |
Structured Products are subject to the normal interest rate, default and other risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product or other asset-backed security in |
which the Fund invests. The Fund generally has the right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying collateral assets. Such collateral could be insufficient to meet payment obligations and the quality of the collateral might decline in value or default. Also, the class of the Structured Product could be subordinate to other classes, values could be volatile, and disputes with the issuer could produce unexpected investment results. While certain Structured Products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in Structured Products generally pay their share of the Structured Product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying Structured Products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of Structured Products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a Structured Product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer could be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which could adversely affect the value of the Structured Products owned by the Fund. |
Structured Products issue classes or “tranches” that offer various maturity, risk and yield characteristics. Losses caused by defaults on underlying assets are borne first by the holders of subordinate tranches. If there are defaults or the Structured Product’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to more senior tranches take precedence over those of subordinate tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a Structured Product typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities and could be investment grade. Despite the protection from the subordinate tranches, more senior tranches of structured products can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults as well as investor aversion to Structured Product securities as a class. |
In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to the risk that: (i) distributions from collateral securities might not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the collateral could default or decline in value or be downgraded, if rated by a NRSRO; (iii) the Fund is likely to invest in tranches of Structured Products that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; (v) the investment return achieved by |
the Fund could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) there will be no readily available secondary market for Structured Products; (vii) technical defaults, such as coverage test failures, could result in forced liquidation of the collateral pool; and (viii) the Structured Product’s manager could perform poorly. |
Typically, Structured Products are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws and can be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. As a result, investments in Structured Products could be characterized as illiquid investments and could have limited independent pricing transparency. However, an active dealer market could exist for Structured Products that qualify under the Rule 144A “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers, and such Structured Products could be characterized by the Fund as liquid investments. |
PIK Risk. |
Preferred Securities Risk. |
Asset-Backed Securities Risk. |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. |
Mortgage-backed securities can be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities, such as, in the United States, Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They can also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities can be issued by private issuers and collateralized by securities without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of private credit enhancement. |
Pools created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools could be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. From time to time, the Fund invests in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that |
contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages. |
Repurchase Agreements Risk. |
Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls Risk. |
Swap Risk. |
The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments ultimately will require the clearing and exchange-trading of many OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC defined as “swaps.” Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC determination of contracts for central clearing. The Adviser will continue to monitor these developments, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swap agreements. |
The swap market has matured in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid; however there is no guarantee that the swap market will continue to provide liquidity, and it could be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. The absence of liquidity could also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The inability to close derivative positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates or currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. In a total return swap, the Fund pays the counterparty a floating short-term interest rate and receives in exchange the total return of underlying loans or debt securities. The Fund bears the risk of default on the underlying loans or debt securities, based on the notional amount of the swap and, therefore, incurs a form of leverage. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation. |
Options and Futures Risk. so-called “synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible financial intermediaries. Options transactions can be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to |
perform its obligations under the option contract. Options can also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund could have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options can also include options on baskets of specific securities. Options and futures also are subject to derivatives risks more generally. See “Risks – Derivatives Risk.” |
The Fund will, from time to time, purchase call and put options on specific securities and write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. |
The Fund might close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option. |
Engaging in transactions in futures contracts and options involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading can be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. |
A market could become unavailable if one or more exchanges were to stop trading options or it could become unavailable with respect to options on a particular underlying security if the exchanges stopped trading options on that security. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events (e.g., volume exceeds clearing capability) were to interrupt normal exchange operations. If an options market were to become illiquid or otherwise unavailable, an option holder would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising and an options seller or writer would remain obligated until it is assigned an exercise or until the option expires. |
If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is usually halted as well. Holders and writers of options will then be unable to close out their positions until options trading resumes, and they could be faced with considerable losses if the security reopens at a substantially different price. Even if options trading is halted, holders of options will generally be able to exercise them. However, if trading has also been halted in the underlying security, option holders face the risk of exercising options without knowing the security’s current market value. If exercises do occur when trading of the underlying security is halted, the party required to deliver the underlying security could be unable to obtain it, which could necessitate a postponed settlement and/or the fixing of cash settlement prices. |
Investment Companies Risk. open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds), and other closed-end funds. Investments in ETFs, open-end investment companies, and closed-end funds are subject to a variety of risks, including all of the risks of a direct investment in the underlying securities that the ETF, open-end investment company or closed-end fund holds. ETFs are also subject to certain additional risks, including, without limitation, the risk that their prices might not correlate perfectly with changes in the prices of the underlying securities they are designed to track, and the risk of trading in an ETF halting due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the exchange upon which the ETF trades. Shares of ETFs and closed-end funds at times trade at a premium or discount to their NAV because the supply and demand in the market for their shares at any point in time might not be identical to the supply and demand in the market for their underlying securities. Some ETFs and closed-end funds are highly leveraged and therefore would subject the Fund to the additional risks associated with leverage. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” In addition, the Fund will bear, along with other Shareholders of an investment company, its pro rata portion of the investment company’s expenses, including management fees. Accordingly, in addition to bearing their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, Shareholders also indirectly bear similar expenses of an investment company. |
Counterparty and Prime Brokerage Risk. sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such |
hardships have reduced such entities’ capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using derivatives, swaps or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships. |
The Fund is subject to the risk of loss of Fund assets on deposit or being settled or cleared with a broker in the event of the broker’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy of any clearing broker through which the broker executes and clears transactions on behalf of the Fund, the bankruptcy of an exchange clearing house or the bankruptcy of any other counterparty. If a prime broker or counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding; if the Fund’s claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such prime broker or counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. In the case of any such bankruptcy, the Fund might recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to the Fund, only a pro rata share of all property available for distribution to all of the counterparty’s customers and counterparties. Such an amount could be less than the amounts owed to the Fund. It is possible that the Fund will obtain only a limited recovery or no recovery in such circumstances. Such events would have an adverse effect on the NAV of the Fund. Certain counterparties have general custody of, or title to, the Fund’s assets. The failure of any such counterparty could result in adverse consequences to the NAV of the Fund. |
Lender Liability Risk. |
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower; (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors; (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors; or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower, a court might elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the |
disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” |
Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Adviser will, at times, hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings. |
Borrower Fraud; Covenant-Lite Loans; Breach of Covenant. |
Distressed Debt, Litigation, Bankruptcy and Other Proceedings. |
From time to time, the Adviser will make investments for the Fund in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings. There are a number of significant risks when investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, and many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings which are beyond the control of the creditors. A bankruptcy filing could have adverse and permanent effects on a company. Further, if the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company might not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. In addition, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on |
investment can be impacted adversely by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until it ultimately becomes effective. Certain claims, such as claims for taxes, wages and certain trade claims, could have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors and administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. |
Certain investments of the Fund could be subject to federal bankruptcy law and state fraudulent transfer laws, which vary from state to state, if the debt obligations relating to such investments were issued with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or, in certain circumstances, if the issuer receives less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for issuing such debt obligations. If the debt is used for a buyout of Shareholders, this risk is greater than if the debt proceeds are used for day-to-day |
Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund could be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings could be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or recharacterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. |
Under Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended (the “Bankruptcy Code”), a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a company that is a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code could have its claims against the company subordinated or disallowed or could be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. Such claims could also be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the lender (e.g., the Fund) (i) is found to have engaged in other inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties, (ii) intentionally takes action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to other creditors, or (iv) uses its influence as a Shareholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower. The lender’s investment could also |
be recharacterized or treated as equity if it is deemed to be a contribution to capital, or if the lender attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the Bankruptcy Code. While the Fund attempts to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to the subordination, disallowance and liability described above, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able successfully to defend against them. |
From time to time, the Fund seeks to place its representatives on the boards of certain companies in which the Fund has invested. The Fund could also invest in companies in which KKR and/or other KKR clients or accounts will have representatives on the boards of such companies. While such representation could enable the Fund to enhance the sale value of its debt investments in a company, such involvement (and/or an equity stake by the Fund, KKR or other KKR clients or accounts in such company) could also prevent the Fund from freely disposing of its debt investments and could subject the Fund to additional liability or result in recharacterization of the Fund’s debt investments as equity. The Fund attempts to balance the advantages and disadvantages of such representation when deciding whether and how to exercise its rights with respect to such companies, but the exercise of such rights could produce adverse consequences in particular situations. |
Insofar as the Fund’s portfolio includes obligations of non-U.S. obligors, the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions could provide for avoidance remedies under factual circumstances similar to those described above or under different circumstances, with consequences that might or might not be analogous to those described above under U.S. federal or state laws. Changes in bankruptcy laws (including U.S. federal and state laws and applicable non-U.S. laws) could adversely impact the Fund’s securities. |
Convertible Securities Risk. non-convertible securities; (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases. |
The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The |
investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also could have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income instrument. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. Although under normal market conditions longer-term convertible debt securities have greater yields than do shorter-term convertible debt securities of similar quality, they are subject to greater price fluctuations. |
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. |
Non-Controlling Equity Investments; Investments in Equity Securities; Investments and Joint Ventures with Third Parties.non-controlling equity investments and investments in equity and equity-linked securities. The value of equity securities, including common stock, preferred stock and convertible stock, will fluctuate in response to factors affecting the particular company, as well as broader market and economic conditions. Prices of equity securities fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. Moreover, in the event of a company’s bankruptcy, claims of certain |
creditors, including bondholders, will have priority over claims of common stock holders and are likely to have varying types of priority over holders of preferred and convertible stock. These risks could increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. If the Fund’s investments in equity securities are incidental to the Fund’s investments in loans or fixed-income instruments, the Fund frequently could possess material non-public information about a Borrower or issuer as a result of its ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument of a Borrower or issuer. Because of prohibitions on trading in securities while in possession of material non-public information, the Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a security of the Borrower or issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous to do so. |
The Fund also could be exposed to risks that issuers will not fulfill contractual obligations such as, in the case of convertible instruments or private placements, delivering marketable common stock upon conversions of convertible instruments and registering restricted securities for public resale. With respect to non-controlling equity investments, the Fund could have a limited ability to protect its position in such investments. |
From time to time, the Fund will also co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, thereby acquiring jointly-controlled or non-controlling interests in certain investments in conjunction with participation by one or more third parties in such investment. As a co-investor, the Fund could have interests or objectives that are inconsistent with those of the third-party partners or co-venturers. Although the Fund might not have full control over these investments and, therefore, could have a limited ability to protect its position therein, the Adviser expects that appropriate rights will be negotiated to protect the Fund’s interests. Nevertheless, such investments can involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that a third-party partner or co-venturer could have financial difficulties resulting in a negative impact on such investment, could have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or could be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objective or the increased possibility of default by, diminished liquidity or insolvency of, the third party, due to a sustained or general economic downturn. Third-party partners or co-venturers could opt to liquidate an investment at a time during which such liquidation is not optimal for the Fund. In addition, the Fund could in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party partners or co-venturers. In those circumstances where such third parties involve a management group, such third parties could receive compensation arrangements relating to such investments, including incentive compensation arrangements. |
U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk. |
lower than the yields available from other securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV. Since the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Fund’s average maturity is longer, under certain market conditions the Fund will for temporary defensive purposes, accept lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding long-term securities. In 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) into conservatorship. As conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the assets of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its respective obligations, including guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. There is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will not lose value or default. Any Fund investments issued by Federal Home Loan Banks and Fannie Mae could ultimately lose value. Further, the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities; consequently, the value of such securities will fluctuate. This may be the case especially when there is any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. Congress to increase the statutory debt ceiling. If the U.S. Congress is unable to negotiate an adjustment to the statutory debt ceiling, there is also the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities, including those held by the Fund, which could have a material negative impact on the Fund. |
Non-U.S. Securities Risk.non-U.S. issuers or Borrowers. Such investments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in the United States or other developed countries, including risks relating to: (i) differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including potential price volatility in and relative illiquidity of some non-U.S. securities markets; the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices, and disclosure requirements; and less government supervision and regulation; (ii) other differences in law and regulation, including fewer investor protections, less stringent fiduciary duties, less developed bankruptcy laws and difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (iii) certain economic and political risks, including potential economic, political or social instability; exchange control regulations; restrictions on foreign investment and repatriation of capital (possibly requiring government approval); expropriation or confiscatory taxation; higher rates of inflation; and |
reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers, and/or distribution mechanisms; and (iv) the possible imposition of foreign taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to securities and other assets. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain non-U.S. securities or other instruments, and the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of non-U.S. securities or other instruments at inopportune times or prices. Because non-U.S. securities could trade on days when the Fund’s shares are not priced, the Fund’s NAV could change at times when shares cannot be sold. |
Emerging Markets Risk. |
Foreign Currency Risk. non-U.S. currencies. However, the books of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in currency values could adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of portfolio investments, interest and other revenue streams received by the Fund, gains and losses realized on the sale of portfolio investments, and the amount of distributions, if any, made by the Fund. In addition, the Fund will incur costs in converting investment proceeds from one currency to another. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into derivative transactions designed to reduce such currency risks. Furthermore, the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests are subject to risks relating to changes in currency values, as described above. If a portfolio company suffers adverse consequences as a result of such changes, the Fund could also be adversely affected as a result. |
Eurozone Risk. |
On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU. The impact of Brexit on the UK, the EU and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in increased volatility in foreign exchange markets and a sustained weakness in the British pound’s exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in portfolio companies and other issuers with significant operations and/or assets in the UK and the EU, any of which could be adversely impacted by the legal, tax and regulatory environment following Brexit, whether by increased costs or impediments to the implementation of their business plan. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty |
and volatility in financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the UK, the EU or elsewhere; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. |
Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing from the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets. The effects on the UK, European and global economies of the exit of the UK (and/or other EU members) from the EU, or the exit of other EU members from the European monetary area and/or the redenomination of financial instruments from the Euro to a different currency, are difficult to predict and to protect fully against. Many of the foregoing risks are outside of the control of the Fund and the Adviser. These risks could affect the Fund, the Adviser and other service providers given economic, political and regulatory uncertainty created by Brexit. |
LIBOR Replacement and Floating Rate Benchmark Risk. |
Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become generally well-defined, there remains uncertainty regarding the nature of alternative floating rate benchmarks, the continued utilization of synthetic LIBOR and the remaining work to be done in connection with the LIBOR transition. LIBOR’s replacement could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. Developments around LIBOR’s replacement or the adoption of alternative floating rate benchmarks, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), reference rates based on SOFR, the Euro InterBank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”), and the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”), could negatively impact financial markets in general and present heightened risks, including with respect to the Fund’s investments. No single alternative floating rate benchmark has replaced LIBOR and no alternative floating rate benchmark (including SOFR, reference rates based on SOFR, EURIBOR and SONIA) performs in the same way that LIBOR did, which may further impact the Fund’s investments. As a result of this uncertainty and developments relating to the transition process, the Fund and its investments may be adversely affected. |
Legal and Regulatory Risk. non-U.S. securities and futures markets and investment funds such as the Fund has undergone substantial change in recent years, and such change could continue. |
It is unknown in what form, when and in what order significant regulatory initiatives will be implemented or the impact any such implemented regulations will have on the Fund, the markets or instruments in which the Fund invests or the counterparties with which the Fund conducts business. The effect of regulatory change on the Fund, while impossible to predict, could be substantial, adverse and potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to implement its investment strategy or increase the costs of using certain instruments or make them less effective. In addition, the practice of short selling has been the subject of numerous temporary restrictions, and similar restrictions could be promulgated at any time. Such restrictions could adversely affect the returns of the Fund. |
Event Driven Investing. |
Valuation Risk. |
Liquidity Risk. |
securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid securities if qualified institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase these securities. |
Illiquid and restricted securities can be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid and restricted securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which could adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid and restricted securities are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets, and the Adviser’s judgment will play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities could restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. In order to dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, could have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period could elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that period. |
Some loans and fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and could be subject to restrictions on resale. Loans and fixed-income instruments might not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market might exist for certain of the loans and fixed-income instruments in which the Fund invests. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some loans and fixed-income instruments could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition, events occurring subsequent to an investment by the Fund, including, for example, withdrawals, changes in market, political or other relevant circumstances, could cause some loans and fixed-income instruments that were liquid at the time of acquisition to become illiquid or otherwise cause the Fund’s concentration in illiquid investments to increase. |
Inflation/Deflation Risk. |
Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation could have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and could make issuer defaults more likely, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio. |
Conflicts of Interest Risk. |
the allocation of the Adviser’s time and resources between the Fund and other investment activities; the allocation of investment opportunities by the Adviser and its affiliates; compensation to the Adviser; services provided by the Adviser and its affiliates to issuers in which the Fund invests; investments by the Fund and other clients of the Adviser, subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act; the formation of additional investment funds by the Adviser; differing recommendations given by the Adviser to the Fund versus other clients; and the Adviser’s use of information gained from issuers in the Fund’s portfolio to aid investments by other clients, subject to applicable law. |
In addition, the Adviser’s investment professionals will, from time to time, acquire confidential or material, non-public information concerning an entity in which the Fund has invested, or propose to invest, and the possession of such information generally will limit the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell particular securities of such entity on behalf of the Fund, thereby limiting the investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. In addition, holdings in the securities of an issuer by the Adviser or its affiliates will affect the ability of the Fund to make certain acquisitions of, or enter into certain transactions with, such issuer. From time to time, broker-dealers and investment advisers affiliated with the Adviser will also acquire confidential or material non-public information concerning entities in which the Fund has invested or proposes to invest, which could restrict the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell (or otherwise transact in) securities of such entities, thus limiting investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest.” |
Uncertain Tax Treatment. |
Complex Transactions/Contingent Liabilities/Guarantees and Indemnities. |
representations about the business and financial affairs of a portfolio company, provide guarantees in respect of payments by portfolio companies and other third parties and provide indemnities against losses caused by portfolio companies and other third parties. The Fund will, from time to time, also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations are inaccurate. These arrangements could result in the incurrence of contingent liabilities by the Fund, even after the disposition of an investment and ultimately in material losses. |
Availability of Investment Opportunities; Competition. |
The Fund competes for investment opportunities with other investment companies and private investment vehicles, as well as the public debt markets, individuals and financial institutions, including investment banks, commercial banks and insurance companies, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, hedge funds and other institutional investors, investing directly or through affiliates. Over the past several years, a number of such investment vehicles have been formed (and many such existing entities have grown in size). Additional entities with similar investment objectives could be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. It is possible that competition for appropriate investment opportunities could increase, thus reducing the number of opportunities available to the Fund. Such supply-side competition could adversely affect the terms upon which investments can be made by the Fund. Moreover, transaction sponsors unaffiliated with the Fund or KKR could be reluctant to present investment opportunities to the Fund because of its affiliation with KKR. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to locate and complete investments which satisfy the Fund’s primary investment objective or to realize upon their values. |
Dependence on Key Personnel Risk |
The Adviser’s principals and other key personnel possess substantial experience and expertise and have strong business relationships with members of the business community. The loss of these personnel could jeopardize the Adviser’s relationships with members of the business community and could result in fewer investment opportunities for the Fund. For example, if any of the Adviser’s principals were to join or form a competing firm, the Fund’s results and financial condition could suffer. |
Material Risks of Significant Methods of Analysis. |
conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment for the Fund, the Adviser relies on available resources, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. As a result, the due diligence process can at times be subjective with respect to companies for which only limited information is available. Accordingly, the Adviser cannot be certain that due diligence investigations with respect to any investment opportunity for the Fund will reveal or highlight all relevant facts (including fraud) that could be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity, or that its due diligence investigations will result in investments for the Fund being successful. There can be no assurance that the projected results of an investment opportunity will be achieved for the Fund, and actual results could vary significantly from the projections. General economic, natural, and other conditions, which are not predictable, can have an adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. Assumptions or projections about asset lives; the stability, growth, or predictability of costs; demand; or revenues generated by an investment or other factors associated therewith could, due to various risks and uncertainties including those described herein, differ materially from actual results. |
Market Developments. |
For example, certain Borrowers could, due to macroeconomic conditions, be unable to repay secured loans. A Borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of the secured loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the Borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under its debt securities. The Fund will, from time to time, incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting Borrower. In addition, if one of the Borrowers were to commence bankruptcy proceedings, even though the Fund will have structured its interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize the Fund’s debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of its claim to that of other creditors. Adverse economic conditions also could decrease the value of collateral securing some of the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. A recession could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and the value of the Fund’s assets. |
These developments could increase the volatility of the value of securities owned by the Fund. These developments also could make it more difficult for the Fund to accurately value its securities or to sell its securities on a timely basis. These developments could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to use leverage for investment purposes and increase the cost of such leverage, which would reduce returns to the holders of shares. These developments also could adversely affect the broader economy, which in turn could adversely affect the ability of issuers of securities owned by the Fund to make payments of principal and interest when due, leading to lower credit ratings of the issuer and increased defaults by the issuer. Such developments could, in turn, reduce the value of securities owned by the Fund and adversely affect the NAV and market price of the Fund’s shares. |
Market Disruptions from Natural Disasters or Geopolitical Risks. |
Government Intervention in the Financial Markets. COVID-19 outbreak. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations could take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities or Structured Products in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities or Structured Products, in ways that are unforeseeable. Borrowers under secured loans held by the Fund could seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation could also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Adviser monitors developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objective, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. |
Portfolio Turnover Risk. |
as ordinary income. A high portfolio turnover could increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Shareholders. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. See “Tax Considerations.” |
Anti-Takeover Provisions. open-end status. These provisions could deprive the holders of shares of opportunities to sell their shares at a premium over the then current market price of the shares or at NAV. See “Description of Capital Structure—Anti-Takeover and Certain Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.” |
Duration Risk. |
Risks Relating to Fund ’ s RIC Status. source-of-income, tax-exempt income (if any) to its Shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the |
Fund and its Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions in order to re-qualify as a RIC. |
RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income. |
Cybersecurity . |
Private and Middle Market Companies. |
• |
these companies could have limited financial resources and limited access to additional financing, which could increase the |
risk of their defaulting on their obligations, leaving creditors dependent on any guarantees or collateral they have obtained; |
• |
these companies frequently have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns; |
• |
there will not be as much information publicly available about these companies as would be available for public companies and such information might not be of the same quality; |
• |
these companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; as a result, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on these companies’ ability to meet their obligations; and |
• |
the frequency and volume of the trading of these companies generally is substantially less than is typical of larger companies and as such it could be more difficult for the Fund to exit the investment in the company at its then fair value. |
Risks Arising from Purchases of Debt on a Secondary Basis. |
Class I Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class T Shares |
Class U Shares |
Class PI Shares |
Class PT Shares |
|||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder Transaction Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum Sales Load ( 1 |
2 |
2 |
% | 2 |
2 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
Maximum Deferred Sales Load (as a percentage of the offering price or repurchase proceeds, whichever is lower) |
% 3 |
Annual Expenses ( |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fee 4 |
% | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder Servicing Fee 5 |
% | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Fee 6 |
% | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds 7 |
% | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Expenses 8 |
% | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
% | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses Reimbursed 9 |
( |
)% | ( |
)% | ( |
)% | ( |
)% | ( |
)% | ( |
)% | ||||||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement |
% | % | % | % | % | % |
1 | The Distributor is the principal underwriter and distributor of the Shares and serves in that capacity on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Distributor has entered into a Sub-Distribution Agreement with the Sub-Distributor. Shares may be offered through selling agents that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor or Sub-Distributor and that are authorized to receive purchase orders and repurchase requests on the Fund’s behalf. Such selling agents may designate other financial intermediaries to receive purchase orders and, if applicable, repurchase requests from investors on behalf of the Fund and its selling agents. Selling agents typically receive the sales load with respect to Class T Shares and Class PT Shares purchased by their clients. The Distributor does not retain any portion of the sales load. Class T Shares and Class PT Shares are sold subject to a maximum sales load of up to 2.00% and 3.00% of the offering price, respectively. However, purchases of Class T Shares and Class PT Shares may be eligible for a sales load discount. See “Purchase of Shares—Sales Loads.” The selling agents may, in their sole discretion, reduce or waive the sales load on a non-scheduled basis in individual cases. |
2 | While neither the Fund nor the Distributor impose an initial sales charge, if you buy Class I Shares, Class D Shares, Class U Shares or Class PI Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amounts as they may determine. Any such fees will be in addition to an investor’s investment in the Fund and not deducted therefrom. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. |
3 | A contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% may be assessed on Class T Shares investments over $250,000 without a sales charge if they are repurchased before the first day of the month of the one-year anniversary of the purchase. |
4 | |
5 | The Fund pays the Distributor a Shareholder Servicing Fee that is calculated monthly and accrued daily at an annualized rate of 0.25% of the net assets of the Fund attributable to Class D Shares, Class T Shares, |
Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. The Shareholder Servicing Fee is for personal services provided to Shareholders and/or the maintenance of Shareholder accounts and to reimburse the Distributor for related expenses incurred. The Distributor generally will pay all or a portion of the Shareholder Servicing Fee to the selling agents that sell Class D Shares, Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. The Shareholder Servicing Fee is governed by the Fund’s Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreement. |
6 | The Fund pays the Distributor a Distribution Fee that is calculated monthly and accrued daily at an annualized rate of 0.50% of the net assets of the Fund attributable to Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. The Distribution Fee is for the sale and marketing of the Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares and to reimburse the Distributor for related expenses incurred. The Distributor generally will pay all or a portion of the Distribution Fee to the selling agents that sell Class T Shares, Class U Shares and Class PT Shares. Payment of the Distribution Fee is governed by the Fund’s Distribution and Service Plan. |
7 | The table assumes the use of leverage in an amount equal to 25.1% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (after the leverage is incurred), which equates to 33.5% of the Fund’s net assets, and assumes the annual effective interest rate on borrowings is 7.2%. The Fund’s actual interest costs associated with leverage may differ from the estimates above. |
8 | |
9 | Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement, through February 28, 2026, the Adviser has agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund so that certain of the Fund’s expenses (“Specified Expenses”) will not exceed 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized). The Fund has agreed to repay these amounts on a monthly basis, but only if and to the extent that Specified Expenses are less than 0.40% of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (annualized) (or, if a lower expense limit is then in effect, such lower limit) within the 36-month period after the Adviser bears the expense. This arrangement cannot be terminated prior to February 28, 2026 without the Board’s consent. “Specified Expenses” is defined to include all expenses incurred in the business of the Fund, including organizational costs, with the exception of (i) the Management Fee, (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee, (iii) the Distribution Fee, (iv) brokerage costs, (v) dividend/interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vi) taxes, and (vii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Adviser). |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
Total Expenses Incurred |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
1 | The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. |
Year Ended October 31, 2024 |
Year Ended October 31, 2023 |
Period from Commencement of Operations to October 31, 2022*** |
||||||||||
Class D |
||||||||||||
Per share operating performance |
||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 21.17 | $ | 20.09 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations |
||||||||||||
Net investment income (1) |
1.95 | 1.78 | 1.28 | |||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) |
1.45 | 1.09 | (4.66 | ) | ||||||||
Total from investment operations |
3.40 | 2.87 | (3.38 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions from |
||||||||||||
Net investment income |
(1.95 | ) | (1.79 | ) | (1.50 | ) | ||||||
Realized gains |
— | — | (0.03 | ) | ||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.95 | ) | (1.79 | ) | (1.53 | ) | ||||||
Net Asset Value, end of period |
$ | 22.62 | $ | 21.17 | $ | 20.09 | ||||||
Total return † (2) |
16.53 | % | 14.72 | % | (14.09 | )% | ||||||
Ratios to average net assets |
||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursement |
4.98 | % | 5.30 | % | 3.60 | %** | ||||||
Expenses, after reimbursement |
4.93 | % | 5.10 | % | 3.52 | %** | ||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursement |
8.69 | % | 8.31 | % | 7.65 | %** | ||||||
Net investment income, after reimbursement |
8.74 | % | 8.51 | % | 7.74 | %** | ||||||
Supplemental data |
||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000’s) |
$ | 1,868 | $ | 2,629 | $ | 3,313 | ||||||
Portfolio turnover rate* |
48 | % | 39 | % | 25 | % (2) |
(1) | Per share calculations were performed using average shares. |
(2) | Total return and Portfolio turnover rate are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. |
† |
Total return assumes a purchase of common stock at the net asset value on the first day and a sale at the net asset value on the last day of each period reported on the table. Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions at prices obtained pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. |
* | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole. |
** | Annualized. |
*** | The date of commencement of operations for Class D Shares was January 31, 2022. |
Year Ended October 31, | Period from Commencement of Operations to October 31, 2020*** |
|||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
Class I |
||||||||||||||||||||
Per share operating performance |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 22.81 | $ | 21.66 | $ | 27.42 | $ | 26.08 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (1) |
2.18 | 1.99 | 1.90 | 1.67 | 1.01 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) |
1.54 | 1.15 | (5.52 | ) | 1.69 | 1.10 | ||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations |
3.72 | 3.14 | (3.62 | ) | 3.36 | 2.11 | ||||||||||||||
Distributions from |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income |
(2.17 | ) | (1.99 | ) | (2.11 | ) | (1.66 | ) | (1.03 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized gains |
— | — | (0.03 | ) | (0.36 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(2.17 | ) | (1.99 | ) | (2.14 | ) | (2.02 | ) | (1.03 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Asset Value, end of period |
$ | 24.36 | $ | 22.81 | $ | 21.66 | $ | 27.42 | $ | 26.08 | ||||||||||
Total return † (2) |
16.80 | % | 14.88 | % | (13.72 | )% | 12.81 | % | 8.71 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursement |
4.73 | % | 5.07 | % | 3.14 | % | 2.32 | % | 3.84 | %** | ||||||||||
Expenses, after reimbursement |
4.68 | % | 4.86 | % | 3.09 | % | 2.02 | % | 1.68 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursement |
8.98 | % | 8.55 | % | 7.60 | % | 5.73 | % | 3.91 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, after reimbursement |
9.03 | % | 8.77 | % | 7.65 | % | 6.03 | % | 6.06 | %** | ||||||||||
Supplemental data |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000’s) |
$ | 280,461 | $ | 232,290 | $ | 216,971 | $ | 211,181 | $ | 106,962 | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate* |
48 | % | 39 | % | 25 | % | 78 | % | 66 | % (2) |
(1) | Per share calculations were performed using average shares. |
(2) | Total return and Portfolio turnover rate are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. |
† |
Total return assumes a purchase of common stock at the net asset value on the first day and a sale at the net asset value on the last day of each period reported on the table. Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions at prices obtained pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. |
* | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole. |
** | Annualized. |
*** | The date of commencement of operations for Class I Shares was February 28, 2020. |
Year Ended October 31, | Period from Commencement of Operations to October 31, 2020*** |
|||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
Class T |
||||||||||||||||||||
Per share operating performance |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 22.59 | $ | 21.46 | $ | 27.17 | $ | 25.83 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (1) |
1.98 | 1.80 | 1.69 | 1.45 | 0.61 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) |
1.54 | 1.14 | (5.47 | ) | 1.68 | 0.83 | ||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations |
3.52 | 2.94 | (3.78 | ) | 3.13 | 1.44 | ||||||||||||||
Distributions from |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income |
(1.98 | ) | (1.81 | ) | (1.90 | ) | (1.43 | ) | (0.61 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized gains |
— | — | (0.03 | ) | (0.36 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.98 | ) | (1.81 | ) | (1.93 | ) | (1.79 | ) | (0.61 | ) | ||||||||||
Net Asset Value, end of period |
$ | 24.13 | $ | 22.59 | $ | 21.46 | $ | 27.17 | $ | 25.83 | ||||||||||
Total return † (2) |
15.90 | % | 14.08 | % | (14.40 | )% | 12.03 | % | 6.65 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursement |
5.48 | % | 5.82 | % | 3.86 | % | 3.04 | % | 3.54 | %** | ||||||||||
Expenses, after reimbursement |
5.43 | % | 5.61 | % | 3.82 | % | 2.78 | % | 2.49 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursement |
8.24 | % | 7.81 | % | 6.82 | % | 5.00 | % | 4.65 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, after reimbursement |
8.29 | % | 8.02 | % | 6.86 | % | 5.27 | % | 5.70 | %** | ||||||||||
Supplemental data |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000’s) |
$ | 35,264 | $ | 25,295 | $ | 24,724 | $ | 26,121 | $ | 8,243 | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate* |
48 | % | 39 | % | 25 | % | 78 | % | 66 | % (2) |
(1) | Per share calculations were performed using average shares. |
(2) | Total return and Portfolio turnover rate are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. |
† |
Total return assumes a purchase of common stock at the net asset value on the first day and a sale at the net asset value on the last day of each period reported on the table. Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions at prices obtained pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. |
* | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole. |
** | Annualized. |
*** | The date of commencement of operations for Class T Shares was June 1, 2020. |
Year Ended October 31, | Period from Commencement of Operations to October 31, 2020*** |
|||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
Class U |
||||||||||||||||||||
Per share operating performance |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 21.74 | $ | 20.65 | $ | 26.18 | $ | 25.00 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from investment operations |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (1) |
1.90 | 1.74 | 1.64 | 1.44 | — | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) |
1.48 | 1.09 | (5.27 | ) | 1.52 | — | ||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations |
3.38 | 2.83 | (3.63 | ) | 2.96 | — | ||||||||||||||
Distributions from |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income |
(1.90 | ) | (1.74 | ) | (1.87 | ) | (1.42 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Realized gains |
— | — | (0.03 | ) | (0.36 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
Total distributions |
(1.90 | ) | (1.74 | ) | (1.90 | ) | (1.78 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Net Asset Value, end of period |
$ | 23.22 | $ | 21.74 | $ | 20.65 | $ | 26.18 | $ | 25.00 | ||||||||||
Total return † (2) |
15.88 | % | 14.10 | % | (14.48 | )% | 11.69 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||
Ratios to average net assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses, before reimbursement |
5.50 | % | 5.83 | % | 3.92 | % | 3.01 | % | 0.00 | %** | ||||||||||
Expenses, after reimbursement |
5.44 | % | 5.62 | % | 3.86 | % | 2.87 | % | 0.00 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, before reimbursement |
8.22 | % | 7.80 | % | 6.89 | % | 5.29 | % | 0.00 | %** | ||||||||||
Net investment income, after reimbursement |
8.27 | % | 8.01 | % | 6.94 | % | 5.43 | % | 0.00 | %** | ||||||||||
Supplemental data |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000’s) |
$ | 423,806 | $ | 378,213 | $ | 259,440 | $ | 208,262 | $ | 7,421 | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate* |
48 | % | 39 | % | 25 | % | 78 | % | 66 | % (2) |
(1) | Per share calculations were performed using average shares. |
(2) | Total return and portfolio turnover rate are for the period indicated and have not been annualized. |
† |
Total return assumes a purchase of common stock at the net asset value on the first day and a sale at the net asset value on the last day of each period reported on the table. Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions at prices obtained pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. |
* | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole. |
** | Annualized. |
*** | The date of commencement of operations for Class U Shares was September 1, 2020. |
Fiscal Year Ended |
Total Amount Outstanding (in thousands) |
Asset Coverage Per $1,000(1) |
||||||
October 31, 2024 |
$ | $ | ||||||
October 31, 2023 |
$ | $ | ||||||
October 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | ||||||
October 31, 2021 |
$ | $ | ||||||
October 31, 2020 |
$ | $ |
1 |
Asset coverage per $1,000 of debt is calculated by subtracting the Fund’s liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities from the Fund’s total assets, dividing the result by the aggregate amount of the Fund’s senior securities representing indebtedness then outstanding, and multiplying the result by 1,000. |
• | Market Dislocations and Relative Value – Positions in higher-yielding investments resulting from a broader market dislocation and volatility, or a credit specific dislocation. |
• | Event Driven – Positions in securities with near term catalysts that are expected to lead to price appreciation/depreciation. Catalysts include refinancings, restructurings, mergers and acquisitions and rating upgrades, among others. |
• | Proprietary Sourcing – Trades that leverage broader firm relationships with private equity sponsors and Wall Street firms. These include reverse inquiry (an inquiry by the Adviser to an issuer with regard to originating a particular debt instrument), secondary opportunities (investments that can be acquired from existing investors, rather than from the issuers of such investments) and/or larger block trades (the purchase or sale of a large number of securities) and potential anchor positions (taking a large position in an issuance prior to the issuer soliciting other investors). |
• | Stressed Credits – Positions in companies under financial strain that could have a restructuring need and/or companies in out of favor industries that could be under market pressure. |
• | Structured Products – Trading in securitized products, including tranches of CLOs, other securitizations and indices, as well as capital relief trades. |
• | Illiquidity Premium – Credit investments in situations that offer a market premium, either in contractual rate or structure. These are expected to include small, less liquid trades as well as investments in misunderstood businesses or industries. |
• | Asset-Based Finance – focus on opportunities to either directly finance certain hard or financial assets or to invest in origination and/or servicing platforms of those assets (i.e., companies that originate investments in hard assets or financial asset or that perform the functions and processes relating to the origination and administration of such investments). We believe that these asset-based opportunities offer attractive risk-adjusted return due to the cash-flowing nature of the investments coupled with structural downside protection as well as asset collateral backing. Key areas of focus include, but are not limited to consumer/mortgage, hard assets, commercial, and contractual cash flow sectors. |
• | Junior Debt – focus on investments in debt instruments—generally second lien loans, unsecured notes, pay-in-kind non-convertible equity—issued by companies in defensive sectors. |
• | Direct Lending – focus on investments typically in the most senior tranches of a corporate or other issuer’s capital structure. Generally, these investments take the form of privately negotiated first-, second-lien or unitranche senior loans established through custom financing agreements entered into with corporate or other borrowers with a focus on upper-middle market companies. In addition, the Adviser seeks to be the sole or, at minimum, lead lender, which generally results in a greater ability to dictate deal structure and terms and control all or a majority of the credit tranche. |
• | a “One-Firm” approach to investing, which integrates KKR’s resources across regions and asset classes and KKR’s history of investing across more than three decades of economic cycles and market fluctuations; |
• | a global presence, where KKR is “local” in major markets in North America, Europe and Asia, enhancing the Adviser’s ability to identify market dislocations early, move capital to the most attractive regions and efficiently and effectively execute on corresponding investment opportunities; |
• | Access to over 530 non-credit investment professionals from across the broader KKR global platform responsible for private equity, infrastructure, and real estate investing, among others; |
• | a stressed and distressed investments team housed within the Adviser, located in San Francisco, New York and London, that has extensive experience in identifying, evaluating and structuring investments up and down the capital structure from secured debt to equity and bespoke structured credits; |
• | a global macro and asset allocation team, which provides the Adviser with research and outlooks on the changing dynamics in the global economy. This capability augments research conducted by its investment professionals and helps the Adviser to quickly develop formal macro views in its due diligence, whether around broad macro themes or specific regional, country or market opportunities; |
• | dynamic trading ability, which allows the Adviser to move quickly into liquid credit and equity markets and take advantage of real-time market movements and dislocations with a view to creating incremental value for the Fund; |
• | stakeholder management capabilities, including a dedicated Public Affairs team, which the Adviser believes provides it with an advantage in conducting due diligence, proactively managing its portfolio through governmental, regulatory, labor or environmental issues and sourcing new investments; |
• | a network of Senior Advisors, who have held leading executive roles in major global corporations and provide KKR with operational and strategic insights and help it evaluate individual investment opportunities; and |
• | a “One-Firm” compensation and incentive structure and approach to investing, which allows KKR to act as a single team focused on finding the best investments and creating the best returns for its investors. |
• | Leading Market Positions. The Adviser seeks to invest in companies with more defensible market positions, stronger franchises and operations and better credit characteristics than their peers. The Adviser focuses on the quality of product, employees, managers, facilities, systems and processes. |
• | Strong Cash Flow. The Adviser seeks to invest in companies that generate free cash flow, and that benefit from material investments from well-known equity investors. The ability of a company to meet interest obligations, repay debt and deleverage over time generally is a function of its ability to generate free cash flow. An ability to generate stable and predictable cash flows is an indicator of long-term financial health. |
• | Experienced Management Teams. The Adviser intends to prioritize companies with strong, existing management teams that it believes have a clear strategic vision, long-standing experience in their industry and a successful operating track record. The Adviser expects to favor companies in which management’s incentives appear to be closely aligned with major capital providers. |
• | Stage of Business Life Cycle. The Adviser intends to seek mature, public and privately owned businesses that have long track records of stable, positive cash flow. The Adviser does not intend to invest in start-up companies or companies with speculative business plans. |
• | Attractive Industries. While the Adviser considers opportunities within all industries, it prioritizes industries having, in its view, favorable characteristics from a lending perspective. For example, the Adviser seeks companies in established industries with stable competitive and regulatory frameworks, where the main participants enjoy predictable, low volatility earnings. The Adviser gives less emphasis to industries that are frequently characterized by less predictable and more volatile earnings. |
• | Sustainability Risks . The Adviser and KKR have adopted a responsible investment policy on the integration of sustainability risks in their investment decision-making process. A sustainability risk is described as an environmental, social, and governance event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or a potential material negative impact on the value of an investment. |
• | Distressed Investments and Stressed Investments. The Adviser, from time to time, also invests in companies that are under stress and do not meet the above criteria. In such circumstances, the Adviser invests based on the Adviser’s view of strong risk-adjusted return. These opportunities can present an attractive risk-reward profile for the Fund based on the Adviser’s due diligence process. The Adviser considers distressed investments in corporate debt or equity issued by companies that have defaulted on their debt obligations, have filed for insolvency or are selling at sufficiently discounted prices where the Adviser believes that if the companies do not default, such investments will yield attractive risk-adjusted returns. From time to time, the Adviser will also acquire “dislocated” fixed-income |
instruments of companies that are rated below investment grade and selling at a discount to par or yield greater than what the Adviser believes is typical for companies in similar situations. Market inefficiencies in these circumstances could, for example, be due to a lack of financial market following, a misunderstanding in the market of particular industries or companies or industries that are out of favor with the investor community. In times of particular dislocation and irrational market behavior, the Adviser could attempt to trade around specific portfolio positions opportunistically to capture excess returns based on its fundamental research-driven process. |
Assumed Portfolio Total Return (net of expenses) |
(10.00)% | (5.00)% | 0.00% | 5.00% | 10.00% | |||||||||||||||
Share Total Return |
( |
( |
( |
• | these companies could have limited financial resources and limited access to additional financing, which could increase the risk of their defaulting on their obligations, leaving creditors dependent on any guarantees or collateral they have obtained; |
• | these companies frequently have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns; |
• | there will not be as much information publicly available about these companies as would be available for public companies and such information might not be of the same quality; |
• | these companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; as a result, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on these companies’ ability to meet their obligations; and |
• | the frequency and volume of the trading of these companies generally is substantially less than is typical of larger companies and as such it could be more difficult for the Fund to exit the investment in the company at its then fair value. |
• | The members, officers and other personnel of the Adviser allocate their time, resources and other services between the Fund and other investment and business activities in which they are involved, including other funds, investment vehicles and accounts managed by KKR. The Adviser intends to devote such time as shall be necessary to conduct the Fund’s business affairs in an appropriate manner. However, the Adviser will continue to devote the time, resources and other services necessary to managing its other investment and business activities, and the Adviser is not precluded from conducting activities unrelated to the Fund. Substantial time will be spent by such members, officers and personnel monitoring the investments of other funds, investment vehicles and accounts managed by KKR. |
• | The Adviser will, at times, compete with certain of its affiliates, including other entities it manages, for investments for the Fund, subjecting the Adviser to certain conflicts of interest in evaluating the suitability of investment opportunities and making or recommending acquisitions on the Fund’s behalf. The Adviser will receive advisory and other fees from the other entities it manages, and due to fee-offset provisions contained in the management agreements for such entities, the fees, at times, will not be proportionate to such entities’ investment accounts for any given transaction and the Adviser will have an incentive to favor entities from which it receives higher fees. |
• | The Fund has adopted the Adviser’s allocation policy, which is designed to fairly and equitably distribute investment opportunities over time among funds or pools of capital managed by the Adviser, which may include proprietary accounts, including investment or co-investment vehicles established for personnel of KKR or its affiliates. The Adviser’s allocation policy provides that once an investment has been approved and is deemed to be in the Fund’s best interest, the Fund will receive a pro rata share of the investment based on capital available for investment in the asset class being allocated. Determinations as to the amount of capital available for investment are based on such factors as: the amount of cash on-hand, existing commitments and reserves, the targeted leverage level, the targeted asset mix and diversification requirements, other investment policies and restrictions and limitations imposed by applicable laws, rules, regulations or interpretations. The outcome of this determination will result in the allocation of all, some or none of an investment opportunity to the Fund. In addition, subject to applicable law, affiliates of the Adviser will, from time to time, invest in one of the Fund’s portfolio companies and hold a different class of securities than the Fund. To the extent that an affiliate of the Adviser holds a different class of securities than the Fund, its interests might not be aligned with the Fund’s. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser will act in the best interest of the Fund in accordance with its fiduciary duty to the Fund. |
• | The appropriate allocation among the Fund and other KKR funds and accounts of expenses and fees generated in the course of evaluating and making investments often will not be clear, especially where more than one KKR fund or account participates. The Adviser will determine, in its sole discretion, the appropriate allocation of investment-related expenses, including broken deal expenses incurred in respect of unconsummated investments and expenses more generally relating to a particular investment strategy, among the funds and accounts participating or that would have participated in such investments or that otherwise participate in the relevant investment strategy, as applicable, which could result in the Fund bearing more or less of these expenses than other participants or potential participants in the relevant investments. |
• | The compensation payable by the Fund to the Adviser will be approved by the Board consistent with the exercise of the requisite standard of care applicable to trustees under state law. Such compensation is payable, in most cases, regardless of the quality of the assets acquired, the services provided to the Fund or whether the Fund makes distributions to Shareholders. |
• | The Adviser and its affiliates will, at times, provide a broad range of financial services to companies in which the Fund invests, in compliance with applicable law, and will generally be paid fees for such services. In addition, affiliates of the Adviser could act as an underwriter or placement agent in connection with an offering of securities by one of the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Any compensation received by the Adviser and its affiliates for providing these services will not be shared with the Fund and could be received before the Fund realizes a return on its investment. The Adviser will face conflicts of interest with respect to services performed for these companies, on the one hand, and investments recommended to the Fund, on the other hand. |
• | KKR engages in a broad range of business activities and invests in portfolio companies and other issuers whose operations could be substantially similar to the issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments. The performance and operation of such competing businesses could conflict with and adversely affect the performance and operation of the issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments and could adversely affect the prices and availability of business opportunities or transactions available to these issuers. |
• | From time to time, to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or with exemptive relief the Fund receives from the SEC, if any, the Fund and other clients for which the Adviser provides investment management services or carries on investment activities (including, among others, clients that are employee benefit plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and related regulations) will make investments at different levels of an investment entity’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of an issuer’s securities. These investments inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities held by the Fund and such other clients, including in the case of financial distress of the investment entity. |
• | KKR and the Adviser sponsor and advise, and expect in the future to sponsor and advise, a broad range of investment funds, vehicles and other accounts, including proprietary vehicles, that make investments worldwide. KKR will, from time to time, also make investments for its own account, including, for example, through investment and co-investment vehicles established for KKR personnel and associates. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships (including, among others, relationships with clients that are employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and related regulations) or from engaging in other business activities, even to the extent such activities are in competition with the Fund and/or involve substantial time and resources of the Adviser. For example, the Adviser could invest, on behalf of an affiliated fund, in a company that is a competitor of one of the Fund’s portfolio companies or that is a service provider, supplier, customer or other counterparty with respect to one of the Fund’s portfolio companies or the Adviser could, on behalf of other entities it manages, acquire assets originated by, or provide financing to, portfolio companies and other issuers in which the Fund invests. In providing advice and recommendations to, or with respect to, such investments and in dealing in such investments on behalf of such other affiliated fund, to the extent permitted by law, the Adviser or its affiliates will not take into consideration the interests of the Fund and its portfolio investments and issuers thereof. Accordingly, such advice, recommendations and dealings will result in conflicts of interest for the Adviser. In addition, the Adviser’s ability to effectively implement the Fund’s investment strategies will be limited to the extent that contractual obligations relating to these permitted activities restrict the Adviser’s ability to engage in transactions that it would otherwise be interested in pursuing. Affiliates of the Adviser, whose primary business includes the origination of investments, engage in investment advisory business with accounts that compete with the Fund. |
• | The Adviser and its affiliates will, from time to time, give advice and recommend securities to other clients that differs from, or is contrary to, advice given to or securities recommended or bought for the Fund even though their investment objectives are similar to the Fund’s. |
• | To the extent not restricted by confidentiality requirements or applicable law, the Adviser will, from time to time, apply experience and information gained in providing services to the Fund’s portfolio |
companies in providing services to competing companies invested in by affiliates’ other clients, which could have adverse consequences for the Fund or its portfolio investments. In addition, in providing services in respect of such portfolio companies and other issuers of portfolio investments, the Adviser or its affiliates will, from time to time, come into possession of information that it is prohibited from acting on (including on behalf of the Fund) or disclosing as a result of applicable confidentiality requirements or applicable law, even though such action or disclosure would be in the interests of the Fund. |
• | As a registered investment company, the Fund is limited in its ability to make investments in issuers in which the Adviser or its affiliates’ other clients have an investment. The Fund is limited in its ability to co-invest with the Adviser or one or more of its affiliates without an exemptive order from the SEC. On January 5, 2021, the SEC issued an exemptive order granting exemptive relief that expanded the Fund’s ability to co-invest with certain of its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions subject to the conditions specified in the exemptive order. |
• | On February 1, 2021, KKR acquired control of Global Atlantic Financial Group Limited (“Global Atlantic”), a retirement and life insurance company. KKR, including the Adviser, will serve as Global Atlantic’s investment manager. KKR, including the Adviser, generally expects to treat any Global Atlantic account as a client account for the purposes of allocating investment opportunities and related fees and expenses. Certain Global Atlantic accounts may co-invest alongside the Fund in some or all investments in the Fund’s Private Credit Strategy. Due to the limited nature of many Private Credit investment opportunities, we expect that participation by Global Atlantic accounts in co-investment transactions will generally reduce the allocations otherwise available to other co-investing accounts, including the Fund. The establishment of Global Atlantic accounts investing directly in the Private Credit Strategy investments will create a conflict of interest in that KKR will be incentivized to allocate more attractive investments and scarce investment opportunities to these proprietary entities and accounts rather than to the Fund. To mitigate this conflict, KKR will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that is consistent with an allocation methodology established by KKR and its affiliates (including the Adviser), as described above, in a manner designed to ensure allocations of such opportunities are made on a fair and equitable basis over time. |
• | The Fund depends to a significant extent on the Adviser’s access to the investment professionals and senior management of KKR and the information and deal flow generated by the KKR investment professionals and senior management during the normal course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The senior management and the investment professionals of the Adviser source, evaluate, analyze and monitor the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success will depend on the continued service of the senior management team and investment professionals of the Adviser. |
• | The Adviser’s relationship with other advisory clients and with KKR could create a conflict of interest to the extent the Adviser becomes aware of inside information concerning investments or potential investment targets. KKR has adopted information-sharing policies and procedures which address both (i) the handling of confidential information and (ii) the information barrier that exists between the public and private sides of KKR. KKR has compliance functions to administer KKR’s information-sharing policies and procedures and monitor potential conflicts of interest. The Fund cannot assure its investors, however, that these procedures and practices will be effective. Although the Fund plans to leverage KKR’s firm-wide resources to help source, conduct due diligence on, structure, syndicate and create value for the Fund’s investments (to the extent permitted by applicable law), KKR’s information-sharing policies and procedures referenced above, as well as certain legal, contractual and tax constraints, could significantly limit KKR’s ability to do so. For example, from time to time KKR’s personnel will be in possession of material non-public information with respect to the Fund’s investments or potential investments, and as a result, such professionals will be restricted by KKR’s information-sharing policies or by law or contract, from sharing such information with the KKR professionals responsible for making the Fund’s investment decisions, even where the disclosure of such information would be in the best interest of the Fund or would otherwise influence the decisions taken by such investment professionals |
with respect to such investment or potential investment. In addition, this conflict and these procedures and practices could limit the freedom of the Adviser to enter into or exit from potentially profitable investments for the Fund which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s results of operations. Conversely, the Adviser could pursue investments for the Fund without obtaining access to confidential information otherwise in its or KKR’s possession, which information, if reviewed, might otherwise impact the Adviser’s judgment with respect to such investments. Accordingly, as a result of such restrictions, the investment activities of KKR’s other businesses will differ from, or be inconsistent with, the interests of and activities that are undertaken for the Fund and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to fully leverage all of the available resources and industry expertise of KKR’s other businesses. Additionally, there will be circumstances in which one or more individuals associated with the Adviser will be precluded from providing services to the Fund because of certain confidential information available to those individuals or to other parts of KKR. |
• | The nature of the Adviser’s businesses and the participation by its employees in creditors’ committees, steering committees or boards of directors of portfolio companies will, from time to time, result in the Adviser receiving material non-public information from time to time with respect to publicly held companies or otherwise becoming an “insider” with respect to such companies. With limited exceptions, KKR does not establish information barriers between its internal investment teams. Trading by KKR on the basis of such information, or improperly disclosing such information, could be restricted pursuant to applicable law and/or internal policies and procedures adopted by KKR to promote compliance with applicable law. Accordingly, the possession of “inside information” or “insider” status with respect to such an issuer by KKR or KKR personnel could, including where an appropriate information barrier does not exist between the relevant investment professionals or has been “crossed” by such professionals, significantly restrict the ability of the Adviser to deal in the securities of that issuer on behalf of the Fund, which could adversely impact the Fund, including by preventing the execution of an otherwise advisable purchase or sale transaction in a particular security until such information ceases to be regarded as material non-public information, which could have an adverse effect on the overall performance of such investment. In addition, affiliates of KKR in possession of such information could be prevented from disclosing such information to the Adviser, even where the disclosure of such information would be in the interests of the Fund. From time to time, the Adviser will also be subject to contractual “stand-still” obligations and/or confidentiality obligations that restrict its ability to trade in certain securities on behalf of the Fund. In certain circumstances, the Fund or the Adviser will engage an independent agent to dispose of securities of issuers in which KKR could be deemed to have material non-public information on behalf of the Fund. Such independent agent could dispose of the relevant securities for a price that is lower than the Adviser’s valuation of such securities which could take into account the material non-public information known to KKR in respect of the relevant issuer |
• | The Adviser could develop new businesses such as providing investment banking, advisory and other services to corporations, financial sponsors, management or other persons. Such services could relate to transactions that could give rise to investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund. In such case, the Adviser’s client would typically require the Adviser to act exclusively on its behalf, thereby precluding the Fund from participating in such investment opportunities. The Adviser would not be obligated to decline any such engagements in order to make an investment opportunity available to the Fund. In addition, the Adviser could come into the possession of information through these new businesses that limits the Fund’s ability to engage in potential transactions. |
• | The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to invest in, or hold securities of, companies that are controlled by funds managed by KKR. Any such investments could create conflicts of interest between the Fund, the Adviser and KKR. The Adviser will also have, or enter into, advisory relationships with other advisory clients (including, among others, employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and related regulations) that could lead to circumstances in which a conflict of interest between the Adviser’s advisory clients could exist or develop. In addition, to the extent that another client of the Adviser or KKR holds a different class of securities than the Fund, the interest of such client and the Fund might not be aligned. As a result of these conflicts and restrictions, the Adviser could be unable to implement |
the Fund’s investment strategies as effectively as it could have in the absence of such conflicts or restrictions. In order to avoid these conflicts and restrictions, the Adviser could choose to exit these investments prematurely and, as a result, the Fund would forgo any future positive returns associated with such investments. |
• | Certain other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts have investment objectives, programs, strategies and positions that are similar to, or conflict with, those of the Fund, or compete with, or have interests adverse to, the Fund. This type of conflict could affect the prices and availability of the securities or interests in which the Fund invests. KKR will, from time to time, give advice or take action with respect to the investments held by, and transactions of, other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts that could be different from or otherwise inconsistent with the advice given or timing or nature of any action taken with respect to the investments held by, and timing or nature of any action taken with respect to the investments held by, and transactions of, the Fund. Such different advice and/or inconsistent actions could be due to a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, the differences between the investment objective, program, strategy and tax treatment of the other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts and the Fund or the regulatory status of other KKR client accounts and any related restrictions or obligations imposed on KKR as a fiduciary thereof. Such advice and actions could adversely impact the Fund. |
• | KKR, for its own account or for the account of other KKR clients, could enter into real estate-related transactions with Fund portfolio companies. Such transactions could include, for example, buying or selling real estate assets, acquiring or entering into leasing arrangements or amending such arrangements or transferring options or rights of first refusal to acquire real estate assets. Such transactions, which do not involve securities, are not governed by restrictions on principal transactions and cross transactions but are subject to specific policies and procedures established by KKR to manage related conflicts. |
• | The 1940 Act prohibits the Fund from participating in certain transactions with certain of its affiliates including an Adviser-affiliated broker-dealer. The Fund generally is prohibited, for example, from buying or selling any securities from or to another client of the Adviser or of KKR. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates, which in certain circumstances could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times to the extent the transaction involves jointness) or transactions in which a broker-dealer affiliated with the Adviser participates as principal with the Fund. If a person acquires more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities, the Fund will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons. Similar restrictions limit the Fund’s ability to transact business with its officers or trustees or their affiliates. The SEC has interpreted the 1940 Act rules governing transactions with affiliates to prohibit certain “joint transactions” involving entities that share a common investment adviser. As a result of these restrictions, the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund will be limited. These investment opportunities will generally be made available to other funds, vehicles and accounts advised by the Adviser that are not subject to similar restrictions under the 1940 Act. |
• | Shareholders of the Fund are based in a wide variety of jurisdictions and take a wide variety of forms. Accordingly, they could have conflicting regulatory, legal, investment, tax and other interests with respect to their investments in the Fund. The conflicting interests of individual Shareholders relate to or arise from, among other things, the nature of investments made by the Fund, the selection, structuring, acquisition and management of investments, the timing of disposition of investments, internal investment policies of the Shareholders and their target risk/return profiles. As a consequence, conflicts of interest could arise in connection with decisions made by the Adviser, including with respect to the nature or structuring of investments, which could be more beneficial for one Shareholder than for another Shareholder, especially with respect to Shareholders’ individual tax situations. In addition, the Fund could make investments that have a negative impact on related investments made by the Fund in |
separate transactions. In selecting and structuring investments appropriate for the Fund, the Adviser will consider the investment and tax objectives of the Fund and its Shareholders as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any Shareholder individually. |
Regular Mail |
Overnight or Express Mail | |
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio | KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio | |
c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc. | c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc. | |
PO Box 219302 | 430 W. 7th Street, Suite 219302 | |
Kansas City, MO 64121-9302 | Kansas City, Missouri 64105 |
• | If ownership is being changed on your account; |
• | When redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address, or bank account not on record; |
• | When a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent and the account address has changed within the last 15 calendar days |
• | For all redemptions in excess of $100,000 where proceeds are requested to be sent by check |
Your Investment |
As a % of the offering price | As a % of net amount invested |
Dealer’s concession as % of the offering price |
|||||||||
Up to $100,000 |
2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | None | |||||||
$100,000 to $249,999 |
1.00 | % | 1.01 | % | None | |||||||
$250,000 and over |
None | 0.00 | % | 1.00 | % |
Your Investment |
As a % of the offering price | As a % of net amount invested |
Dealer’s concession as % of the offering price |
|||||||||
Up to $100,000 |
3.00 | % | 3.09 | % | None | |||||||
$100,000 to $249,999 |
2.50 | % | 2.56 | % | None | |||||||
$250,000 to $499,999 |
2.00 | % | 2.04 | % | None | |||||||
$500,000 and over |
1.50 | % | 1.52 | % | None |
1. | Shares acquired by reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions (always free of a CDSC); |
2. | Shares held for one year or more; and |
3. | Shares held before the first anniversary of their purchase. |
• | Which Share classes are available to you; |
• | The amount you intend to invest; |
• | How long you expect to own the Shares; and |
• | Total costs and expenses associated with a particular Share class. |
Title of Class |
Amount Authorized |
Amount Held by the Fund for its Own Account |
Amount Outstanding |
|||||
Unlimited | ||||||||
Unlimited | ||||||||
Unlimited | ||||||||
Unlimited | ||||||||
Unlimited | ||||||||
Unlimited |
KKR CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio (the “Fund”) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company that continuously offers its shares (the “Shares”) and is operated as an “interval fund.” This Statement of Additional Information does not constitute a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with the prospectus relating thereto dated February 28, 2025. This Statement of Additional Information does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Shares, and investors should obtain and read the prospectus prior to purchasing such Shares. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling toll-free (855) 844-8655 or visiting the Fund’s website (www.kkr.com/kcop). You may also obtain a copy of the prospectus on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) website (http://www.sec.gov). Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Statement of Additional Information have the meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus.
This Statement of Additional Information is dated February 28, 2025.
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A-1 |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns and high current income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Restrictions
The following are fundamental investment restrictions of the Fund and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (which for this purpose and under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), means the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the Fund’s voting securities present at a meeting at which more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities). Except as otherwise noted, all percentage limitations set forth below apply immediately after a purchase and any subsequent change in any applicable percentage resulting from market fluctuations does not require any action. With respect to the limitations on the issuance of senior securities and in the case of borrowings, the percentage limitations apply at the time of issuance and on an ongoing basis. The Fund’s fundamental policies are as follows:
1. | Borrowing Money. The Fund will not borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
2. | Senior Securities. The Fund will not issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
3. | Underwriting. The Fund will not act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
4. | Concentration. The Fund will not “concentrate” its investments in an industry, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
5. | Real Estate. The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
6. | Commodities. The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
7. | Loans. The Fund will not make loans to other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time. |
The following are interpretations of the fundamental investment policies of the Funds and may be revised without approval of the Fund’s shareholders (“Shareholders”), consistent with current laws and regulations as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time:
Borrowing Money. Under current law as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, the Fund may borrow from: (a) a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings
1
are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions.
Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by an investment company evidencing indebtedness. The Fund’s limitation with respect to issuing senior securities is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund’s engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities generally involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. The Fund’s limitation with respect to underwriting securities is not applicable to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities (including restricted securities), the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.
Concentration. Under current SEC and SEC staff interpretation, the Fund would “concentrate” its investments if more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry. For purposes of this limitation, there is no limit on: (1) investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities or securities of state and municipal governments or their political subdivisions, in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, or in tax-exempt securities issued by the states, territories, or possessions of the United States (“municipal securities”), excluding private activity municipal securities whose principal and interest payments are derived principally from the assets and revenues of a non-governmental entity (which will be subject to restriction 4); (2) investments in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction provided that the Fund does not invest greater than 25% in a particular industry; or (3) certain asset-backed securities that are backed by a pool of loans issued to companies in a wide variety of industries unrelated to each other such that the economic characteristics of such a security are not predominantly related to a single industry to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest in one or more investment companies; provided that, except to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(A) or (F) of the 1940 Act, the Fund treats the assets of the investment companies in which it invests as its own for purposes of this policy.
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in real estate but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Fund’s limitation with respect to investing in real estate is not applicable to investments in securities or mortgages or loans that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from purchasing or selling mortgage-related securities or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).
Commodities. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in commodities but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Fund may hold commodities acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from purchasing or selling options or futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.
Loans. Under current law as interpreted by the SEC and its staff, the Fund may not lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties (this restriction does not apply to purchases of debt securities or repurchase agreements). Subject to this limitation, the Fund may make loans, for example: (a) by loaning portfolio securities; (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements; (c) by
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making loans secured by real estate; (d) by making loans to affiliated funds as permitted by the SEC; or (e) by purchasing non-publicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation, the term “loans” shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.
Portions of the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions (i.e., the references to “except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time”) provide the Fund with flexibility to change its limitations in connection with changes in applicable law, rules, regulations or exemptive relief. The language used in these restrictions provides the necessary flexibility to allow the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) to respond efficiently to these kinds of developments without the delay and expense of a Shareholder meeting.
Repurchase Offer Fundamental Policy
The Board has adopted a repurchase offer fundamental policy resolution setting forth the Fund’s fundamental policy that it will conduct quarterly repurchase offers. This fundamental policy may be changed only with the approval of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, including a majority of any holders of preferred shares voting separately as a class. The Fund is required to offer to repurchase between 10% and 25% of its outstanding Shares with each repurchase offer.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions
The Fund’s investment objective and investment strategies are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval. The Fund will provide Shareholders with at least 60 days’ notice prior to changing the policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its Managed Assets in credit-related instruments. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).
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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment policies and techniques in the prospectus and does not, by itself, present a complete or accurate explanation of the matters disclosed.
Bank Loans and Participations
The Fund’s investment program will, from time to time, include significant amounts of bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws, (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations, (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower.
The Fund will, from time to time, acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the loan agreement with respect to the loan; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participations in a portion of a loan typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the obligor. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the obligor, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the obligor. As the owner of a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement or to vote on amendments to the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the obligor, and the Fund will not, from time to time, directly benefit from collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund will, from time to time, be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and will not, from time to time, have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. Consequently, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution.
Senior Loans
Senior secured floating rate and fixed-rate loans (“Senior Loans”) are typically originated, negotiated and structured by a U.S. or foreign commercial bank, insurance company, finance company or other financial institution (the “Agent”) for a group of loan investors (“Loan Investors”). The Agent typically administers and enforces the Senior Loan on behalf of the other Loan Investors in the syndicate. In addition, an institution, typically but not always the Agent, holds any collateral on behalf of the Loan Investors.
Senior Loans primarily include senior floating rate loans to corporations and secondarily institutionally traded senior floating rate debt obligations issued by an asset-backed pool and interests therein. Loan interests primarily take the form of assignments purchased in the primary or secondary market. Loan interests may also take the form of participation interests in a Senior Loan. Such loan interests may be acquired from U.S. or foreign commercial banks, insurance companies, finance companies or other financial institutions who have made loans or are Loan Investors or from other investors in loan interests.
The Fund will, from time to time, purchase “assignments” from the Agent or other Loan Investors. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the Loan Agreement (as defined herein) of the assigning Loan Investor and becomes a Loan Investor under the Loan Agreement with the same
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rights and obligations as the assigning Loan Investor. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning Loan Investor.
The Fund also will, from time to time, invest in “participations.” Participations by the Fund in a Loan Investor’s portion of a Senior Loan typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with such Loan Investor, not with the borrower. As a result, the Fund will, from time to time, have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Loan Investor selling the participation and only upon receipt by such Loan Investor of such payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the Loan Agreement, nor any rights with respect to any funds acquired by other Loan Investors through set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the Senior Loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the Loan Investor selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the Loan Investor selling a participation, the Fund will, from time to time, be treated as a general creditor of such Loan Investor. The selling Loan Investors and other persons interpositioned between such Loan Investors and the Fund with respect to such participations will likely conduct their principal business activities in the banking, finance and financial services industries. Persons engaged in such industries may be more susceptible to, among other things, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in the Federal Open Market Committee’s monetary policy, governmental regulations concerning such industries and concerning capital raising activities generally and fluctuations in the financial markets generally.
The Fund will only acquire participations if the Loan Investor selling the participation, and any other persons interpositioned between the Fund and the Loan Investor, at the time of investment has outstanding debt or deposit obligations rated investment grade (Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization) if determined by KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (the “Adviser”) to be an appropriate investment for the Fund. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
In order to borrow money pursuant to a Senior Loan, a borrower will for the term of the Senior Loan, pledge collateral, including but not limited to, (i) working capital assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory; (ii) tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment; (iii) intangible assets, such as trademarks and patent rights (but excluding goodwill); and (iv) security interests in shares of stock of subsidiaries or affiliates. In the case of Senior Loans made to non-public companies, the company’s shareholders or owners may provide collateral in the form of secured guarantees and/or security interests in assets that they own. In many instances, a Senior Loan may be secured only by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries. Collateral may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets would satisfy fully a borrower’s obligations under a Senior Loan.
In the process of buying, selling and holding Senior Loans, the Fund will, from time to time, receive and/or pay certain fees. These fees are in addition to interest payments received and may include facility fees, commitment fees, amendment fees, commissions and prepayment penalty fees. When the Fund buys a Senior Loan, it could receive a facility fee and when it sells a Senior Loan it may pay a facility fee. On an ongoing basis, the Fund could receive a commitment fee based on the undrawn portion of the underlying line of credit portion of a Senior Loan. In certain circumstances, the Fund will receive a prepayment penalty fee upon the prepayment of a Senior Loan by a borrower. Other fees received by the Fund will, from time to time, include covenant waiver fees, covenant modification fees or other amendment fees.
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A borrower must comply with various restrictive covenants contained in a loan agreement or note purchase agreement between the borrower and the holders of the Senior Loan (the “Loan Agreement”). Such covenants, in addition to requiring the scheduled payment of interest and principal, may include restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to shareholders, provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific minimum financial ratios and limits on total debt. In addition, the Loan Agreement may contain a covenant requiring the borrower to prepay the Loan with any free cash flow. Free cash flow is generally defined as net cash flow after scheduled debt service payments and permitted capital expenditures and includes the proceeds from asset dispositions or sales of securities. A breach of a covenant which is not waived by the Agent, or by the Loan Investors directly, as the case may be, is normally an event of acceleration; that is, the Agent, or the Loan Investors directly, as the case may be, has the right to call the outstanding Senior Loan. The typical practice of an Agent or a Loan Investor in relying exclusively or primarily on reports from the borrower to monitor the borrower’s compliance with covenants may involve a risk of fraud by the borrower. In the case of a Senior Loan in the form of a participation, the agreement between the buyer and seller may limit the rights of the holder to vote on certain changes which may be made to the Loan Agreement, such as waiving a breach of a covenant. However, the holder of the participation will, in almost all cases, have the right to vote on certain fundamental issues such as changes in principal amount, payment dates and interest rate.
In a typical Senior Loan, the Agent administers the terms of the Loan Agreement. In such cases, the Agent is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the Loan Agreement. The Fund will generally rely upon the Agent or an intermediate participant to receive and forward to the Fund its portion of the principal and interest payments on the Senior Loan. Furthermore, unless under the terms of a participation agreement the Fund has direct recourse against the borrower, the Fund will rely on the Agent and the other Loan Investors to use appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. The Agent is typically responsible for monitoring compliance with covenants contained in the Loan Agreement based upon reports prepared by the borrower. The seller of the Senior Loan usually does, but is often not obligated to, notify holders of Senior Loans of any failures of compliance. The Agent may monitor the value of the collateral and, if the value of the collateral declines, may accelerate the Senior Loan, may give the borrower an opportunity to provide additional collateral or may seek other protection for the benefit of the participants in the Senior Loan. The Agent is compensated by the borrower for providing these services under a Loan Agreement, and such compensation may include special fees paid upon structuring and funding the Senior Loan and other fees paid on a continuing basis. With respect to Senior Loans for which the Agent does not perform such administrative and enforcement functions, the Fund will perform such tasks on its own behalf, although a collateral bank will typically hold any collateral on behalf of the Fund and the other Loan Investors pursuant to the applicable Loan Agreement.
A financial institution’s appointment as Agent may usually be terminated in the event that it fails to observe the requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent, enters Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) receivership, or, if not FDIC insured, enters into bankruptcy proceedings. A successor Agent would generally be appointed to replace the terminated Agent, and assets held by the Agent under the Loan Agreement should remain available to holders of Senior Loans. However, if assets held by the Agent for the benefit of the Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the Agent’s general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a Senior Loan, or suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving intermediate participants, similar risks may arise.
Senior Loans will usually require, in addition to scheduled payments of interest and principal, the prepayment of the Senior Loan from free cash flow, as defined above. The degree to which borrowers prepay Senior Loans, whether as a contractual requirement or at their election, may be affected by general business conditions, the financial condition of the borrower and competitive conditions among Loan Investors, among others. As such, prepayments cannot be predicted with accuracy. Upon a prepayment, either in part or in full, the actual outstanding debt on which the Fund derives interest income will be reduced. However, the Fund will, from time to time, receive both a prepayment penalty fee from the prepaying borrower and a facility fee upon the purchase of a new Senior Loan with the proceeds from the prepayment of the former.
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The Adviser and its affiliates will, from time to time, borrow money from various banks in connection with their business activities. Such banks may also sell interests in Senior Loans to, or acquire them from, the Fund or may be intermediate participants with respect to Senior Loans in which the Fund owns interests. Such banks may also act as Agents for Senior Loans held by the Fund.
The Fund will, from time to time, acquire interests in Senior Loans that are designed to provide temporary or “bridge” financing to a borrower pending the sale of identified assets or the arrangement of longer-term loans or the issuance and sale of debt obligations. The Fund will, from time to time, also invest in Senior Loans of borrowers that have obtained bridge loans from other parties. A borrower’s use of bridge loans involves a risk that the borrower may be unable to locate permanent financing to replace the bridge loan, which may impair the borrower’s perceived creditworthiness.
The Fund will be subject to the risk that collateral securing a loan will decline in value or have no value. Such a decline, whether as a result of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise, could cause the Senior Loan to be undercollateralized or unsecured. In most credit agreements there is no formal requirement to pledge additional collateral. In addition, the Fund will, from time to time, invest in Senior Loans guaranteed by, or secured by assets of, shareholders or owners, even if the Senior Loans are not otherwise collateralized by assets of the borrower; provided, however, that such guarantees are fully secured. There may be temporary periods when the principal asset held by a borrower is the stock of a related company, which may not legally be pledged to secure a Senior Loan. On occasions when such stock cannot be pledged, the Senior Loan will be temporarily unsecured until the stock can be pledged or is exchanged for or replaced by other assets, which will be pledged as security for the Senior Loan. However, the Borrower’s ability to dispose of such securities, other than in connection with such pledge or replacement, will be strictly limited for the protection of the holders of Senior Loans and, indirectly, Senior Loans themselves.
The failure to perfect a security interest due to faulty documentation or faulty official filings could lead to the invalidation of the Fund’s security interest in loan collateral. If the Fund’s security interest in loan collateral is invalidated or the Senior Loan is subordinated to other debt of a borrower in bankruptcy or other proceedings, the Fund would have substantially lower recovery, and perhaps no recovery, on the full amount of the principal and interest due on the Senior Loan.
The Fund will, from time to time, acquire warrants and other equity securities as part of a unit combining a Senior Loan and equity securities of a borrower or its affiliates. The acquisition of such equity securities will only be incidental to the Fund’s purchase of a Senior Loan. The Fund will, from time to time, also acquire equity securities or credit securities (including non-dollar denominated equity or credit securities) issued in exchange for a Senior Loan or issued in connection with the debt restructuring or reorganization of a borrower, or if such acquisition, in the judgment of the Adviser, may enhance the value of a Senior Loan or would otherwise be consistent with the Fund’s investment policies.
Subordinated Loans
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in subordinated loans, which have the same characteristics as Senior Loans except that such loans are subordinated in payment and/or in lien priority to first lien holders. Accordingly, the risks associated with subordinated loans are higher than the risk of loans with first priority over the collateral. In the event of default on a subordinated loan, the first priority lien holder has first claim to the underlying collateral of the loan. It is possible that no collateral value would remain for the second priority lien holder and therefore result in a loss of investment to the Fund.
Subordinated loans generally are subject to similar risks as those associated with investments in Senior Loans. Because subordinated loans are subordinated and thus lower in priority of payment and/or in priority of lien to Senior Loans, they are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior unsecured or
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senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Subordinated loans generally have greater price volatility than Senior Loans and may be less liquid. There is also a possibility that originators will not be able to sell participations in subordinated loans, which would create greater credit risk exposure for the holders of such loans. Subordinated loans share the same risks as other below investment grade securities.
Fixed-Income Instruments
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in fixed-income instruments, such as high-yield corporate debt securities, or bonds, or U.S. government securities. Corporate bonds and other fixed-income instruments are typically originated, negotiated and structured by a U.S. or foreign commercial bank, insurance company, finance company or other financial institution (the “underwriter”) for a group of investors (“Bond Investors”). The underwriter typically administers and enforces the fixed-income instrument on behalf of the other Bond Investors. In addition, in secured fixed-income instrument offerings, an institution, typically but not always the Agent, holds any collateral on behalf of the Bond Investors. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase assignments of fixed-income instruments either directly from the underwriter of from a Bond Investor.
An issuer of fixed-income instruments must typically comply with the terms contained in a note purchase agreement between the issuer and the holders of the instruments (the “Bond Agreement”). These Bond Agreements generally detail the schedule of payments and also place certain restrictive financial and other covenants on the issuer, similar to those in Loan Agreements. The underwriter typically administers the terms of the Bond Agreement on behalf of all holders of the instruments.
Fixed-income instruments are generally subject to many of the same risks that affect Senior Loans and subordinated loans. However, holders of fixed-income bonds would be subordinate to any existing secured lenders with higher priority in the issuer’s capital structure and thus have a lower priority in payment than lenders.
Debtor-in-Possession (“DIP”) Loans
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended (the “Bankruptcy Code”). DIP financings allow the entity to continue its business operations while reorganizing under Chapter 11 and such financings must be approved by the bankruptcy court. These DIP loans are most often working-capital facilities put into place at the outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. DIP financings are typically fully secured by a lien on the debtor’s otherwise unencumbered assets or secured by a junior lien on the debtor’s encumbered assets (so long as the loan is fully secured based on the most recent current valuation or appraisal report of the debtor). DIP financings are often required to close with certainty and in a rapid manner in order to satisfy existing creditors and to enable the issuer to emerge from bankruptcy or to avoid a bankruptcy proceeding. There is a risk that the borrower will not emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings and be forced to liquidate its assets under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. In the event of liquidation, the Fund’s only recourse will be against the property securing the DIP financing.
Lender Liability
Under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender (a) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower or issuer to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower or issuer, (b) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors or (c) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors (a remedy called “equitable subordination”). The Fund does not intend to engage in conduct that would
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form the basis for a successful cause of action based upon the equitable subordination doctrine; however, because of the nature of the debt obligations, the Fund will, from time to time, be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that debt obligations of such obligor which are held by the issuer should be equitably subordinated.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
At times, the Fund will not be able to readily dispose of illiquid securities at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such securities if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund will, from time to time, have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.
The Fund will, from time to time, purchase certain securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) (“Rule 144A Securities”). Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to certain qualified institutional buyers. One effect of Rule 144A is that certain restricted securities may be considered liquid, though no assurance can be given that a liquid market for any particular issue of Rule 144A Securities will be maintained. However, where a substantial market of qualified institutional buyers has developed for certain unregistered securities purchased by the Fund pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, the Fund intends to treat such securities as liquid securities. To the extent that, for a period of time, qualified institutional buyers cease purchasing restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144A, the Fund’s investing in such securities may have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in its investment portfolio during such period.
Stressed and Distressed Investments
The Fund intends to invest in securities and other obligations of companies that are in significant financial or business distress, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Although such investments may result in significant returns for the Fund, they involve a substantial degree of risk. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in distressed assets is unusually high. There is no assurance that the Fund will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing the Fund’s investments or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action in respect of any company. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may lose its entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment and/or may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time. Troubled company investments and other distressed asset-based investments require active monitoring.
Certain Bankruptcy and Insolvency Issues
Some of the companies in which the Fund invests may be involved in a complex bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding in the United States or elsewhere. There are a number of significant risks inherent in the bankruptcy or insolvency process. The Fund cannot guarantee the outcome of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding.
Under U.S. bankruptcy proceedings or other insolvency proceedings, the Fund will risk taking a loss on its investment and having its claim released or discharged against the debtor and third parties. For example, under a plan of reorganization, the Fund could receive a cash distribution for less than its initial investment or receive securities or other financial instruments in exchange for its claims, which then could be discharged and released against the debtor or other third parties. In addition, under U.S. bankruptcy proceedings, a debtor can effectuate a sale of assets with a purchaser acquiring such assets free and clear of any claims or liens underlying the Fund’s investment with the Fund having only potential recourse to the proceeds of the sale.
Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed, recharacterized or avoided if any such payment or distribution is later determined by the applicable court to have been a fraudulent conveyance,
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fraudulent transfer, a preferential payment or otherwise subject to avoidance under applicable law. In addition, especially in the case of investments made prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, creditors can lose their ranking and priority if they exercise “domination and control” of a debtor and other creditors can demonstrate that they have been harmed by such actions.
Many events in a bankruptcy are often beyond the control of the creditors. While creditors may be given an opportunity to object to or otherwise participate in significant actions, there can be no assurance that a court in the exercise of its broad powers or discretion would not approve actions that would be contrary to the interests of the Fund as a creditor.
The duration of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investment can be adversely impacted by delays while a plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors, confirmed by the bankruptcy court and until the plan ultimately becomes effective. Similar delays can occur while a court may be considering a sale or other restructuring transaction. In addition, the administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to unsecured creditors or equity holders. If a proceeding involves protracted or difficult litigation, or turns into a liquidation, substantial assets may be devoted to administrative costs. Also, in the early stages of the bankruptcy process, it is often difficult to estimate the extent of, or even to identify, any contingent claims that might be made. Further, certain claims that have priority by law (for example, claims for taxes) may be quite substantial.
The effect of a bankruptcy filing on or by a portfolio company may adversely and permanently affect the portfolio company. The portfolio company may lose its market position, going concern value and key employees and otherwise become incapable of restoring itself as a viable entity. If for this or any other reason the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the portfolio company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment.
Equity Securities
In addition to common stocks, the Fund will, from time to time, invest in equity securities, including preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants and depository receipts.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock generally pays dividends at a defined rate and has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to credit securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior credit security with similar stated yield characteristics. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors or equivalent body. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.
Convertible Securities. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields
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than comparable nonconvertible securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Warrants. Warrants are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. Subscription rights normally have a short life span to expiration. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the warrants’ expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
Depository Receipts. The Fund will, from time to time, hold investments in sponsored and unsponsored American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depository Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”) and other similar global instruments. ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as Continental Depository Receipts, are receipts issued in Europe, typically by non-U.S. banks and trust companies, that evidence ownership of either non-U.S. or domestic underlying securities. GDRs are depository receipts structured like global debt issued to facilitate trading on an international basis. Unsponsored ADR, EDR and GDR programs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities. As a result, available information concerning the issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, and the prices of unsponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Investments in ADRs, EDRs and GDRs present additional investment considerations of non-U.S. Securities.
Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Debt Securities
For temporary defensive purposes, the Fund will, from time to time, invest up to 100% of its Managed Assets in cash equivalents and short-term debt securities. Short-term debt investments having a remaining maturity of 60 days or less when purchased will be valued at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
(1) | U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by other U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. In 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) into conservatorship. As conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any |
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stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. There is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will lose value or default. See “Mortgage-Backed Securities—Mortgage Pass-Through Securities” below. The Adviser will monitor developments and seek to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objectives, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so; |
(2) | Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the FDIC; |
(3) | Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Adviser monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Adviser does so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws; and |
(4) | Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Adviser will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest. |
Conflicts of Interest
Because the Adviser manages assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), certain conflicts of interest are present. For instance, the Adviser receives fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received from the Fund or receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, the portfolio managers have an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Fund. In
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addition, a conflict of interest exists to the extent the Adviser has proprietary investments in certain accounts, where the portfolio managers or other employees of the Adviser have personal investments in certain accounts or when certain accounts are investment options in the Adviser’s employee benefits plan. The Adviser has an incentive to favor these accounts over the Fund. Because the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of (or otherwise take short positions in) securities or other instruments of the type in which the Fund invests, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of the Fund for the benefit of the accounts taking short positions, if such short positions cause the market value of the securities to fall. The Adviser has adopted trade allocation and other policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address these and other conflicts of interest. These policies and procedures will have the effect of foreclosing certain investment opportunities for the Fund from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser will act in the best interest of the Fund in accordance with its fiduciary duty to the Fund.
The Adviser manages assets for accounts other than the Fund, including private funds. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in the same credit obligations as other funds advised by the Adviser or its affiliates (for purposes of this section, “KKR Funds”), although their investments may include different obligations of the same issuer. For example, the Fund might invest in senior loans issued by a borrower and one or more KKR Funds might invest in the borrower’s junior debt. In addition, the Adviser manages certain accounts (including collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)) that invest in certain types of credit obligations in which the Fund may also invest. Investment opportunities appropriate for both the Fund and another KKR Funds generally will be allocated between the Fund and the other KKR Fund in a manner that the Adviser believes to be fair and equitable under the circumstances, in accordance with the Adviser’s trade allocation policies.
Conflicts of interest may arise where the Fund and other KKR Funds simultaneously hold securities representing different parts of the capital structure of a stressed or distressed issuer. In such circumstances, decisions made with respect to the securities held by one KKR Fund may cause (or have the potential to cause) harm to the different class of securities of the issuer held by other KKR Funds (including the Fund). For example, if such an issuer goes into bankruptcy or reorganization, becomes insolvent or otherwise experiences financial distress or is unable to meet its payment obligations or comply with covenants relating to credit obligations held by the Fund or by the other KKR Funds, such other KKR Funds may have an interest that conflicts with the interests of the Fund. If additional financing for such an issuer is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, it may not be in the best interests of the Fund to provide such additional financing, but if the other KKR Funds were to lose their respective investments as a result of such difficulties, the Adviser may have a conflict in recommending actions in the best interests of the Fund. In such situations, the Adviser will seek to act in the best interests of each of the KKR Funds (including the Fund) and will seek to resolve such conflicts in accordance with its compliance procedures.
In addition, the 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain affiliates of the Adviser. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund will, from time to time, be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company of a fund managed by the Adviser or one of its affiliates. Nonetheless, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s loans or securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser between the interests of the Fund and the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Adviser to recommend actions in the best interest of the Fund might be impaired. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates (which may include other funds managed by the Adviser), which could be deemed to include certain types of investments, or certain types of restructurings of investments, in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times). These limitations may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund. The Board has approved various policies and procedures reasonably designed to monitor potential conflicts of interest. The Board will review these policies and procedures and any conflicts that may arise.
Although the professional staff of the Adviser will devote as much time to the management of the Fund as the Adviser deems appropriate to perform their duties in accordance with the investment advisory agreement and in
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accordance with reasonable commercial standards, the professional staff of the Adviser may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among the Fund and other KKR Funds. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with the Fund and/or may involve substantial time and resources of the Adviser and its professional staff. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of the Adviser and its officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the business of the Fund but will be allocated between the business of the Fund and the management of the assets of other clients of the Adviser.
The Adviser or its respective members, officers, directors, employees, principals or affiliates may come into possession of material, non-public information. The possession of such information may limit the ability of the Fund to buy or sell a security or otherwise to participate in an investment opportunity. Situations may occur where the Fund could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by the Adviser for other clients, and the Adviser will not employ information barriers with regard to its operations on behalf of its registered and private funds, or other accounts. In certain circumstances, employees of the Adviser may serve as board members or in other capacities for portfolio or potential portfolio companies, which could restrict the Fund’s ability to trade in the securities of such companies.
Other Portfolio Strategies
Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities (“ABSs”) represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements and other categories of receivables. Such assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trust or corporation, or other credit enhancements may be present.
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in ABSs. The investment characteristics of ABSs differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that the principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying loans or other assets generally may be prepaid at any time. ABSs are not secured by an interest in the related collateral. Credit card receivables, for example, are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of U.S. state and federal (and comparable non-U.S.) consumer loan laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of ABSs backed by automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related ABSs. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the ABSs may not have a proper security interest in all of the obligations backing such ABSs. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities. The risk of investing in ABSs is ultimately dependent upon payment of consumer loans by the debtor. Such securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying ABSs can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, the Fund’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. To the extent that the Fund invests in ABSs, the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities will vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of ABSs.
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ABSs present certain additional risks because ABSs generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage assets. The collateral supporting ABSs is of shorter maturity than certain other types of loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. ABSs are often backed by pools of any variety of assets, including, for example, leases, mobile home loans and aircraft leases, which represent the obligations of a number of different parties and use credit enhancement techniques such as letters of credit, guarantees or preference rights. The value of an ABS is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security and the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, as well as by the expiration or removal of any credit enhancement. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the ABSs. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, if the issuer of an asset-backed security defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, the Fund will be unable to possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Fund’s recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities.
In addition, investments in subordinated ABSs involve greater credit risk of default than the senior classes of the issue or series. Default risks are further pronounced in the case of ABSs secured by, or evidencing an interest in, a relatively small or less diverse pool of underlying loans. Certain subordinated securities absorb all losses from default before any other class of securities is at risk, particularly if such securities have been issued with little or no credit enhancement equity. Such securities, therefore, possess some of the attributes typically associated with equity investments.
Structured Products
Cash flows in collateralized debt obligations, collateralized bond obligations and CLOs and other similarly structured issuers (collectively, “Structured Products”) are split into two or more tranches, varying in risk and yield. The risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Some Structured Products have credit ratings but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the underlying pool of bonds and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a Structured Product typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the subordinate tranches, more senior tranches of structured products can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults as well as investor aversion to Structured Product securities as a class.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other ABSs issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.
Mortgage-related securities include mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBSs”), mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”), stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBSs”) and
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other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”)) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase. The mortgage market in the United States has experienced heightened difficulties over the past several years that may adversely affect the performance and market value of mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential and commercial mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien residential mortgage loans) generally have increased recently and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of property values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Owing largely to the foregoing, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.
The principal U.S. governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”). Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation the common stock of which is owned entirely by private stockholders. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks but the common stock of which is now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
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On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver. FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor. In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders. Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party. In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these
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pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities or private insurers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originators/servicers and poolers, the Advisers determine that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA and their income streams. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made to any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgages or ABSs.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. CMBSs include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgages or ABSs.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of a CMO is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMO and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities (described below). In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual. CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the Securities Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the Securities Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability.
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Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. ARMBSs have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed-income instruments of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed-income instruments and less like adjustable-rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed-income instruments. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable-rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund could fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Dollar Rolls
The Fund will, from time to time, enter into “dollar rolls” in which the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase similar, but not identical securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund loses the right to receive principal and interest paid on the securities sold. However, the Fund would benefit to the extent of any difference between the price received for the securities sold and the lower forward price for the future purchase or fee income plus the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the securities sold until the settlement date of the forward purchase. All cash proceeds will be invested in instruments that are permissible investments for the Fund.
For financial reporting and tax purposes, the Fund treats dollar rolls as two separate transactions; one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. The Fund does not currently intend to enter into dollar rolls for financing and does not treat them as borrowings.
Dollar rolls involve certain risks including the following: if the broker-dealer to whom the Fund sells the security becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right to purchase or repurchase the securities subject to the dollar roll may be restricted. Also, the instrument which the Fund is required to repurchase may be worth less than an instrument which the Fund originally held. Successful use of dollar rolls will depend upon the Adviser’s ability to manage the Fund’s interest rate and prepayments exposure. For these reasons, there is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed. The use of this technique may diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what such performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls.
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Derivatives
General Limitations on Futures and Options Transactions. The Adviser with respect to the Fund has filed a notice of eligibility with the National Futures Association for an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “CEA”). Therefore, the Adviser and the Fund are not subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a commodity pool operator or commodity pool. If the Adviser or the Fund becomes subject to these requirements, as well as related NFA rules, the Fund may incur additional compliance and other expenses.
Regulatory Risk Related to Derivatives and Certain Other Instruments. The SEC rule under the 1940 Act related to the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and certain other transactions by registered investment companies requires the Fund to trade derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions) subject to value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limits and derivatives risk management program and reporting requirements. Generally, these requirements apply unless the Fund satisfies a “limited derivatives users” exception. When the Fund trades reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, including certain tender option bonds, it needs to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund’s asset coverage ratio or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions. In addition, the Fund is permitted to invest in a security on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security, provided that (i) the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Fund treats any such transaction as a derivatives transaction for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, the Fund will be permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Fund reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to use derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of its investment strategies.
The CFTC and various exchanges have rules limiting the maximum net long or short positions which any person or group may own, hold or control in any given futures contract or option on such futures contract. The Adviser must consider the effect of these limits in managing the Fund. In addition, the CFTC in October 2020 adopted amendments to its position limits rules that establish certain new and amended position limits for 25 specified physical commodity futures and related options contracts traded on exchanges, other futures contracts and related options directly or indirectly linked to such 25 specified contracts, and any OTC transactions that are economically equivalent to the 25 specified contracts. The Adviser will need to consider whether the exposure created under these contracts might exceed the new and amended limits, as relevant to the Fund’s strategy, in anticipation of the applicable compliance dates, and the limits may constrain the ability of the Fund to use such contracts.
Swap Agreements. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into swap agreements. A swap is a financial instrument that typically involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties on specified dates (settlement dates), where the cash flows are based on agreed-upon prices, rates, indices, etc. The nominal amount on which the cash flows are calculated is called the notional amount. Swaps are often individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, commodity prices, non-U.S. currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices, indexes or inflation rates.
Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the investments of the Fund and its Share price. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency, or
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other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.
Generally, swap agreements have fixed maturity dates that are agreed upon by the parties to the swap. An agreement can be terminated before the maturity date only under limited circumstances, such as default by or insolvency of one of the parties and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund will, from time to time, be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, it is possible that the Fund will not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract.
A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.
The Fund will monitor any swaps with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment and tax requirements.
Credit Derivatives. The Fund will, from time to time, engage in credit derivative transactions. There are two broad categories of credit derivatives: default price risk derivatives and market spread derivatives. Default price risk derivatives are linked to the price of reference securities or loans after a default by the issuer or Borrower, respectively. Market spread derivatives are based on the risk that changes in market factors, such as credit spreads, can cause a decline in the value of a security, loan or index. There are three basic transactional forms for credit derivatives: swaps, options and structured instruments. A credit default swap is an agreement between two counterparties that allows one counterparty (the “seller”) to sell protection under the swap and or be “long” on a third party’s credit risk and the other party (the “buyer”) to purchase protection under the swap and be “short” on the credit risk. In essence, an institution which owns corporate fixed-income instruments can purchase a limited form of default protection by entering into a credit default swap with another bank, broker-dealer or financial intermediary. Typically, the buyer agrees to make regular fixed payments to the seller with the same frequency as the underlying reference instrument. In exchange, the buyer typically has the right upon a credit event on the underlying instrument to deliver the instrument to the seller in exchange for the instrument’s par value plus interest. Credit default swaps can be used as a substitute for purchasing or selling a credit security and sometimes are preferable to purchasing the security. The Fund currently intends to invest primarily in credit default swaps as a buyer but could also act as a seller. As a buyer of credit default swaps, the Fund is able to express a negative credit view on a particular instrument; as a seller, the Fund can express a positive view on the credit quality of a company. The Fund does not intend to leverage its investments through the use of credit default swaps, but it could incur effective leverage to the extent it acts as a seller of a credit default swap. Among other risks, a party to a credit default swap is subject to counterparty risk. The Fund will monitor any such swaps or derivatives with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment policy and tax requirements.
Options. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase put and call options on currencies or securities. A put option embodies the right of its purchaser to compel the writer of the option to purchase from the option holder an underlying currency or security or its equivalent at a specified price at any time during the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying currency or security covered by the option or its equivalent from the writer of the option at the stated exercise price.
As a holder of a put option, the Fund will have the right to sell the securities underlying the option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund will have the right to purchase the currencies or securities underlying the option, in each case at their exercise price at any time prior to the option’s expiration date for American options or only at expiration for European options. The Fund could seek to terminate its option positions prior to their expiration
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by entering into closing transactions. The ability of the Fund to enter into a closing sale transaction depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.
Certain Considerations Regarding Options. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities on which the option is based. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of attempted hedging. Options transactions may result in significantly higher transaction costs and portfolio turnover for the Fund.
Some, but not all, of the options may be traded and listed on an exchange. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Futures Contracts. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into securities-related futures contracts, including security futures contracts, as an anticipatory hedge. The Fund’s derivative investments may include sales of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in securities prices and purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected increases in securities prices. A security futures contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security or of the component securities of a narrow-based security index, at a certain price. A person who buys a security futures contract enters into a contract to purchase an underlying security and is said to be “long” the contract. A person who sells a security futures contact enters into a contract to sell the underlying security and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which the contract trades (the “contract price”) is determined by relative buying and selling interest on a regulated exchange.
Transaction costs are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold, and margin deposits must be maintained. In order to enter into a security futures contract, the Fund must deposit funds with its custodian in the name of the futures commodities merchant equal to a specified percentage of the current market value of the contract as a performance bond. Moreover, all security futures contracts are marked-to-market at least daily, usually after the close of trading. At that time, the account of each buyer and seller reflects the amount of any gain or loss on the security futures contract based on the contract price established at the end of the day for settlement purposes.
An open position, either a long or short position, is typically closed or liquidated by entering into an offsetting transaction (i.e., an equal and opposite transaction to the one that opened the position) prior to the contract’s expiration. Traditionally, most futures contracts are liquidated prior to expiration through an offsetting transaction and, thus, holders do not incur a settlement obligation. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a gain will be realized. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a gain will be realized; if it is less, a loss will be realized. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract and it is possible that the Fund will not be able to realize a gain in the value of its future position or prevent losses from mounting. This inability to liquidate could occur, for example, if trading is halted due to unusual trading activity in either the security futures contract or the underlying security; if trading is halted due to
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recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security; if systems failures occur on an exchange or at the firm carrying the position; or, if the position is on an illiquid market. Even if the Fund can liquidate its position, it will, from time to time, be forced to do so at a price that involves a large loss.
Under certain market conditions, it may also be difficult or impossible to manage the risk from open security futures positions by entering into an equivalent but opposite position in another contract month, on another market, or in the underlying security. This inability to take positions to limit the risk could occur, for example, if trading is halted across markets due to unusual trading activity in the security futures contract or the underlying security or due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract position. The Fund will continue to be required to meet margin requirements until the position is closed, possibly resulting in a decline in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”). In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
Security futures contracts that are not liquidated prior to expiration must be settled in accordance with the terms of the contract. Some security futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of the underlying security. At the expiration of a security futures contract that is settled through physical delivery, a person who is long the contract must pay the final settlement price set by the regulated exchange or the clearing organization and take delivery of the underlying securities. Conversely, a person who is short the contract must make delivery of the underlying securities in exchange for the final settlement price. Settlement with physical delivery may involve additional costs.
Other security futures contracts are settled through cash settlement. In this case, the underlying security is not delivered. Instead, any positions in such security futures contracts that are open at the end of the last trading day are settled through a final cash payment based on a final settlement price determined by the exchange or clearing organization. Once this payment is made, neither party has any further obligations on the contract.
As noted above, margin is the amount of funds that must be deposited by the Fund in order to initiate futures trading and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to ensure the Fund’s performance of the futures contract. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the futures contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the futures contract.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. In computing daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market the current value of its open futures contracts. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Because of the low margin deposits required, futures contracts trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the futures contracts were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount initially invested in the futures contract.
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In addition to the foregoing, imperfect correlation between the futures contracts and the underlying securities may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. Under certain market conditions, the prices of security futures contracts may not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying security or index. These pricing disparities could occur, for example, when the market for the security futures contract is illiquid, when the primary market for the underlying security is closed, or when the reporting of transactions in the underlying security has been delayed.
In addition, the value of a position in security futures contracts could be affected if trading is halted in either the security futures contract or the underlying security. In certain circumstances, regulated exchanges are required by law to halt trading in security futures contracts. For example, trading on a particular security futures contract must be halted if trading is halted on the listed market for the underlying security as a result of pending news, regulatory concerns, or market volatility. Similarly, trading of a security futures contract on a narrow-based security index must be halted under circumstances where trading is halted on securities accounting for at least 50% of the market capitalization of the index. In addition, regulated exchanges are required to halt trading in all security futures contracts for a specified period of time when the Dow Jones Industrial Average (“DJIA”) experiences one-day declines of 10%, 20% and 30%. The regulated exchanges may also have discretion under their rules to halt trading in other circumstances, such as when the exchange determines that the halt would be advisable in maintaining a fair and orderly market.
A trading halt, either by a regulated exchange that trades security futures or an exchange trading the underlying security or instrument, could prevent the Fund from liquidating a position in security futures contracts in a timely manner, which could expose the Fund to a loss.
Each regulated exchange trading a security futures contract may also open and close for trading at different times than other regulated exchanges trading security futures contracts or markets trading the underlying security or securities. Trading in security futures contracts prior to the opening or after the close of the primary market for the underlying security may be less liquid than trading during regular market hours.
Interest Rate Transactions. The Fund can normally be expected to have less significant interest rate-related fluctuations in its NAV per Share than investment companies investing primarily in fixed-income instruments (other than money market funds and some short-term bond funds). However, because floating or variable rates on secured loans only reset periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. Similarly, a sudden and significant increase in market interest rates could cause a decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, secured loans could allow a borrower to opt between an interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (or an alternative floating rate benchmark) and interest rates based on bank prime rates, which could have an impact the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund will, from time to time, use interest rate swaps for risk management purposes only and not as a speculative investment and would typically use interest rate swaps to shorten the average interest rate reset time of the Fund’s holdings. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments). The Fund will only enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis. If the other party to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. The counterparty risk for cleared interest rate swap transactions is generally lower than for uncleared over-the-counter interest rate swaps since generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared swap contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Fund. The Fund will not enter into an interest rate swap unless the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be investment grade by the Adviser. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. These instruments are typically traded in the OTC market.
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The use of interest rate swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would be unfavorably affected.
Foreign Currency Transactions. The Fund will, from time to time, engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate then-prevailing in the foreign currency markets or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into foreign currency forward contracts in order to protect against possible losses on non-U.S. dollar denominated investments resulting from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A foreign currency forward exchange contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which can be any fixed number of days (usually less than one year) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price and for an amount set at the time of the contract. These contracts are often traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has a margin requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the price at which they are buying and selling various currencies. However, foreign currency forward contracts could limit potential gains which could result from a positive change in such currency relationships. The Fund does not speculate in foreign currency.
Except for cross-hedges, the Fund will not enter into foreign currency forward contracts or maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in the case of a “cross-hedge,” denominated in a currency or currencies that the Adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with that currency with regard to price movements. At the consummation of a forward contract, the Fund could either make delivery of the foreign currency or terminate its contractual obligation to deliver the foreign currency by purchasing an offsetting contract obligating it to purchase, at the same maturity date, the same amount of such foreign currency. If the Fund chooses to make delivery of the foreign currency, it could be required to obtain such currency through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of the Fund into such currency. If the Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, the Fund will incur a gain or loss to the extent that there is a difference between the forward contract price and the offsetting forward contract price.
It should be realized that this method of protecting the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange which can be achieved at some future point in time. Additionally, although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain should the value of such currency increase. Generally, the Fund will not enter into a foreign currency forward contract with a term longer than one year.
Commodities-Related Derivatives. The Fund will, from time to time, use commodities-related derivatives to hedge a position in a commodity-related issuer or industry. Commodities-related derivatives include, but are not limited to, commodities contracts, commodity futures or options thereon (investments in contracts for the future purchase or sale of commodities); total return swaps based on a commodity index (permitting one party to receive/pay the total return on a commodity index against payment/receipt of an agreed upon spread/interest rate); commodity-linked notes (providing a return based on a formula referenced to a commodity index); commodity exchange traded notes (non-interest paying debt instruments whose price fluctuates (by contractual commitment) with an underlying commodities index); sovereign issued oil warrants (a sovereign obligation the coupon on which is contingent on the price of oil); and any other commodities-related derivative permitted by law.
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Equity Swaps. In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a security, security index or basket of securities in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, the index receiver can gain exposure to securities making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those securities. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the interest that the Fund will be committed to pay under the swap.
When-Issued and Forward Commitment Securities
From time to time, the Fund will purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and will purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis in order to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund will incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions and accordingly are not subject to the foregoing restrictions.
Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis are subject to changes in value (generally changing in the same way, i.e., appreciating when interest rates decline and depreciating when interest rates rise) based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, actual or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Securities purchased with a forward commitment or when-issued basis may expose the Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to their actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued basis can involve the additional risks that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis when the Fund is fully invested may result in greater potential fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s net assets and its net asset value per Share.
The risks and effect of settlements in the ordinary course on the Fund’s net asset value are not the same as the risks and effect of when-issued and forward commitment securities.
The purchase price of when-issued and forward commitment securities are expressed in yield terms, which reference a floating rate of interest, and is therefore subject to fluctuations of the security’s value in the market from the date of the Fund’s commitment (the “Commitment Date”) to the date of the actual delivery and payment for such securities (the “Settlement Date”). There is a risk that, on the Settlement Date, the Fund’s payment of the final purchase price, which is calculated on the yield negotiated on the Commitment Date, will be higher than the market’s valuation of the security on the Settlement Date. This same risk is also borne if the Fund disposes of its right to acquire a when-issued security, or its right to deliver or receive a forward commitment security, and there is a downward market movement in the value of the security from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. No income accrues to the Fund during the period from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. On the other hand, the Fund could incur a gain if the Fund invests in when-issued and forward commitment securities and correctly anticipates the rise in interest rates and prices in the market.
The settlements of secondary market purchases of Senior Loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants (i.e., T+7 for par loans and T+20 for distressed loans, in other words more than seven or twenty business days beyond the trade date, respectively) are subject to the delayed compensation mechanics prescribed by the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (“LSTA”). For par loans, income accrues to the buyer of the Senior Loan (the “Buyer”) during the period beginning on the last
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date by which the Senior Loan purchase should have settled (T+7) to and including the actual settlement date. Should settlement of a par Senior Loan purchase in the secondary market be delayed beyond the T+7 period prescribed by the LSTA, the Buyer is typically compensated for such delay through a payment from the seller of the Senior Loan (this payment may be netted from the wire released on settlement date for the purchase price of the Senior Loan paid by the Buyer). In brief, the adjustment is typically calculated by multiplying the notional amount of the trade by the applicable margin in the Loan Agreement pro-rated for the number of business days (calculated using a year of 360 days) beyond the settlement period prescribed by the LSTA, plus any amendment or consent fees that the Buyer should have received. Furthermore, the purchase of a Senior Loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of non-delivery of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund will, from time to time, enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio investments subject to the investment restrictions set forth herein. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks of leverage since the proceeds derived from such reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities acquired in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. Also, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price.
If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of securities agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the parties. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Fund’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of the Adviser, present minimal credit risk. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited. The Adviser will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, the Adviser will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
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Short Sales
The Fund will, from time to time, engage in short sales of securities, particularly of corporate bonds and other fixed-income instruments. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own as a means of attractive financing for purchasing other assets or in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Fund will, from time to time, make short sales for financing, risk management, in order to maintain portfolio flexibility or to enhance income or gain.
When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund will, from time to time, have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.
The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security may be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund will, from time to time, invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by the Fund from the SEC. These securities include shares of other closed-end funds, open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds) and ETFs. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s management fees with respect to assets so invested. Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Board of Trustees of the Fund
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the oversight of the Board subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. Each member of the Board serves until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified.
Below is a list of the Fund’s Trustees and their present positions and principal occupations during the past five years. Trustees who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act are referred to as “Independent Trustees.” Trustees who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Fund are referred to as “Interested Trustees.” The term “Fund Complex” includes the registered investment companies advised by the Adviser or its affiliates as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information.
Trustees of the Fund
Name, Year of Birth and |
Position(s) Held with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal |
Number of Fund Complex |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee3 | |||||
Interested Trustee | ||||||||||
Rudy Pimentel (1969) | Trustee, Chair and President | Since January 2024 | Managing Director, KKR (since 2022), Vice President, T. Rowe Price (2017-2022). | 2 | None | |||||
Independent Trustees | ||||||||||
Michael E. Cahill (1951) | Trustee | Since Inception | Executive Vice President (2008-2013) and Managing Director and General Counsel (1991-2013), The TCW Group, Inc. and Trust Company of the West (financial services firm). | 2 | None | |||||
Lourdes Perez-Berkeley (1962) | Trustee | Since November 2024 | Senior Advisor, Independence Point Advisors (investment bank advisory firm) (since 2022); Director-Financial Markets Advisory, BlackRock (2015-2018); Director, PwC LLP (2010-2015); Managing Director, Citigroup (1988-2003); Deloitte & Touche (1984-1987). | 2 | None |
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Name, Year of Birth and |
Position(s) Held with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal |
Number of Fund Complex |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee3 | |||||
Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff (1964) | Trustee | Since Inception | Treasurer and Board Member, C-Change Conversations (non-profit organization), Board Member, FlexPaths LLC (workplace strategy and consulting firm), Managing Director, Constellation Wealth Advisors (financial services firm) (2007-2015). | 4 | None | |||||
Jeffrey L. Zlot (1971) | Trustee | Since Inception | Managing Director, Alvarium Tiedemann (formerly, Tiedemann Advisors) (investment consultant and investment banking) (since 1997). | 2 | None |
1 | Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC, 555 California Street, 50th Floor, San Francisco, California 94104, Attn: General Counsel. |
2 | The Fund Complex is comprised of the Fund, KKR Real Estate Select Trust Inc., KKR Income Opportunities Fund, KKR Asset-Based Income Fund and KKR US Direct Lending Fund-U Inc. |
3 | This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
Experience of Trustees
The Board has concluded, based on experience, qualifications and attributes, that each Trustee should serve as a Trustee. Following is a brief summary of the information that led to and/or supports this conclusion.
Michael E. Cahill, an Independent Trustee, served as Executive Vice President from 2008 to 2013 and Managing Director and General Counsel from 1991 to 2013 of The TCW Group, Inc. and Trust Company of the West, an international investment management firm. Mr. Cahill previously worked at Act III Communications in Los Angeles from 1988 to 1991, where he was Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Earlier in his career, Mr. Cahill was in private corporate law practice at O’Melveny and Myers LLP in Los Angeles and at Shenas, Robbins, Shenas & Shaw in San Diego. Mr. Cahill currently serves on the Board of Trustees of Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles. Mr. Cahill holds a B.A. from Bishops University, a J.D. from Osgoode Hall Law School, York University and an LL.M. from Harvard University.
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Lourdes Perez-Berkeley, an Independent Trustee, serves as a Senior Advisor to Independence Point Advisors, an investment bank and advisory firm. Previously, she was a Director in BlackRock’s Financial Markets Advisory Group and a Director with PwC LLC as a Client Relationship Executive. Prior to that, from 1989-2003, Ms. Perez-Berkeley was in the Fixed Income Capital Markets Group at Citigroup (legacy Salomon Brothers). She started her career in 1984 at Deloitte & Touche as an auditor and CPA. Ms. Perez-Berkeley has served on the boards of numerous non-profit organizations in New York. She holds a B.S. in Accountancy from DePaul University and an M.B.A. from the Marshall School of Business at University of Southern California.
Catherine B. Sidamon-Eristoff, an Independent Trustee, is a Board Member of FlexPaths LLC, a workplace strategy and consulting firm. She is Treasurer and a Board Member of C-Change Conversations, a non-profit organization promoting non-partisan dialogue on climate change and energy. Previously, Ms. Sidamon-Eristoff was a Managing Director of Constellation Wealth Advisors from 2007 until its sale in 2015 to First Republic Bank. She started her career in 1987 at Morgan Stanley, spending most of it in Private Wealth Management, first as a fixed income portfolio manager, then as a Managing Director and head of the New York and other offices. She retired in 2005 as an Advisory Director. Ms. Sidamon-Eristoff has served on the boards of numerous non-profit organizations in New York and New Jersey. She holds a B.A. in Political Science from Duke University and an M.B.A. from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University.
Jeffrey L. Zlot, an Independent Trustee, has served as a Managing Director of Alvarium Tiedemann (formerly, Tiedemann Advisors), an investment consulting and banking firm, since 1997. Mr. Zlot was previously the Chief Compliance Officer of Presidio Merchant Partners, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Presidio Group LLC. Mr. Zlot served as Chief Financial Officer of The Presidio Group LLC from 1997 to 2007. Previously, he worked as a Research Analyst at Peter Hart Research Associates. Mr. Zlot serves as the President of the Board of Camp Tawonga. Mr. Zlot holds a B.A. in Government from Colby College and is a Certified Financial Planner.
Rudy Pimentel, an Interested Trustee, joined KKR in 2022. He is a Managing Director in the Global Product Strategy group, where he is a member of the Credit team. With over 20 years of experience working with institutional investors, Mr. Pimentel is actively involved in the firm’s product development and capital raising activities. Prior to joining KKR, he was a vice president and head of fixed income product management at T. Rowe Price. Previously, Mr. Pimentel was an executive vice president and led the credit strategies team at PIMCO. His earlier experience includes crude oil trading and engineering roles at Chevron Corporation. Mr. Pimentel holds a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles and an MBA in finance and accounting from the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University. He is a CFA Charterholder.
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Trustee Beneficial Ownership of Fund Shares
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Fund and in other investment companies overseen by the Trustees within the Fund Complex as of December 31, 2024.
Name |
Dollar Range1 of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies2,4 |
||||||
Interested Trustee |
||||||||
Rudy Pimentel |
None | Over $ | 100,000 | |||||
Independent Trustees |
||||||||
Michael E. Cahill |
None | Over $ | 100,000 | |||||
Lourdes Perez-Berkeley3 |
None | None | ||||||
Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff |
None | Over $ | 100,000 | |||||
Jeffrey L. Zlot |
None | Over $ | 100,000 |
1 | “Beneficial Ownership” is determined in accordance with Section 16a-1(a)(2) under the Exchange Act. |
2 | The term “Family of Registered Investment Companies” refers to all registered investment companies advised by the Adviser or an affiliate board. |
3 | Ms. Perez-Berkeley became a Trustee effective November 1, 2024. |
4 | Includes the total amount of compensation deferred by the Trustee at his/her election pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. Such deferred compensation is placed in a deferral account and deemed to be invested in the Fund that is offered under the deferred compensation plan. |
Compensation of Trustees
Each Independent Trustee is compensated by an annual retainer and meeting fees. The following is the compensation paid to the Trustees for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. The Independent Trustees may elect to defer part or all of the fees earned for serving as Trustees of the Fund pursuant to a deferred compensation plan. The Fund does not have a retirement or pension plan.
Name of Trustee |
Aggregate Compensation From the Fund |
Total Compensation From Fund Complex Paid to Trustees1 |
||||||
Interested Trustee |
||||||||
Rudy Pimentel2 |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Independent Trustees |
||||||||
Michael E. Cahill3 |
$ | 35,625 | $ | 71,250 | ||||
Lourdes Perez-Berkeley4 |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff3 |
$ | 35,625 | $ | 133,452 | ||||
Jeffrey L. Zlot3 |
$ | 35,625 | $ | 71,250 |
1 | The Fund Complex is comprised of the Fund, KKR Real Estate Select Trust Inc., KKR Income Opportunities Fund, KKR Asset-Based Income Fund and KKR US Direct Lending Fund-U Inc. |
2 | The Interested Trustee is not compensated by the Fund or the Fund Complex for his services. |
3 | Participants in the deferred compensation plan. Fiscal year 2024 compensation directed to the deferred compensation plan consisted of $35,625, $71,250 and $71,250, allocated on behalf of Mr. Cahill, Ms. Sidamon-Eristoff and Mr. Zlot, respectively, pursuant to the deferred compensation plan. |
4 | Ms. Perez-Berkeley became a Trustee effective November 1, 2024. |
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The Board met four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.
Board Committees
In addition to serving on the Board, the Independent Trustees also serve on the following committees, which have been established by the Board to handle certain designated responsibilities. The Board has designated a chair of each committee. The Board may establish additional committees, change the membership of any committee, fill all vacancies and designate alternate members to replace any absent or disqualified member of any committee or to dissolve any committee as it deems necessary and in the Fund’s best interest.
Audit Committee. The members of the Fund’s Audit Committee (the “Audit Committee”) are Michael E. Cahill, Lourdes Perez-Berkeley, Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff and Jeffrey L. Zlot, each of whom meets the independence standards established by the SEC for audit committees and is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. Lourdes Perez-Berkeley serves as chair of the Audit Committee. The Board has determined that Ms. Perez-Berkeley is an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined under Item 407 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a written charter and meets periodically as necessary. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting, engaging and discharging the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing the plans, scope and results of the audit engagement with the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, approving professional services provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm (including compensation therefor), reviewing the independence of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and reviewing the adequacy of the Fund’s internal controls over financial reporting. The Audit Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. No member of the nominating committee is an “interested person” of the Fund.
Nominating Committee. The members of the Fund’s Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) are Michael E. Cahill, Lourdes Perez-Berkeley, Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff and Jeffrey L. Zlot, each of whom meets the independence standards established by the SEC for governance committees and is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. Jeffrey L. Zlot serves as chair of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee operates pursuant to a written charter and meets periodically as necessary. The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting, researching, and nominating trustees for election by Shareholders, periodically reviewing the composition of the Board in light of the current needs of the Board and the Fund, and determining whether it may be appropriate to add or remove individuals after considering issues of judgment, diversity, age, skills, background and experience. The Nominating Committee will consider proposed nominations for trustees by Shareholders who have sent nominations (which include the biographical information and the qualifications of the proposed nominee) to the Chief Executive Officer of the Fund, as the Nominating Committee deems appropriate. The Nominating Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. No member of the nominating committee is an “interested person” of the Fund.
Board Leadership Structure
The Board is currently composed of five Trustees, four of whom are Independent Trustees. The Fund’s business and affairs are managed under the direction of its Board. Among other things, the Board sets broad policies for the Fund and approves the appointment of the Fund’s administrator and officers. The role of the Board, and of any individual Trustee, is one of oversight and not of management of the Fund’s day-to-day affairs.
Under the Fund’s Bylaws, the Board may designate one of the Trustees as chair to preside over meetings of the Board and meetings of Shareholders, and to perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board. Presently, Rudy Pimentel serves as Chair of the Board and is an Interested Trustee by virtue of his employment relationship with an affiliate of the Adviser. The Board believes that it is in the best interests of Fund Shareholders for Mr. Pimentel to serve as Chair of the Board because of his significant experience in matters of relevance to the Fund’s business. The Board does not, at the
33
present time, have a lead Independent Trustee; the Board has determined that the compositions of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee are appropriate means to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the Chair’s status as an Interested Trustee. The Board believes that flexibility to determine its Chair and to recognize its leadership structure is in the best interests of the Fund and its Shareholders at this time.
All of the Independent Trustees play an active role on the Board. The Independent Trustees compose a majority of the Board and will be closely involved in all material deliberations related to the Fund. The Board believes that, with these practices, each Independent Trustee has an equal involvement in the actions and oversight role of the Board and equal accountability to the Fund and its Shareholders. The Independent Trustees are expected to meet separately (i) as part of each regular Board meeting and (ii) with the Fund’s chief compliance officer, as part of at least one Board meeting each year.
The Board believes that its leadership structure is the optimal structure for the Fund at this time. The Board, which will review its leadership structure periodically as part of its annual self-assessment process, further believes that its structure is presently appropriate to enable it to exercise its oversight of the Fund.
Board Role in Risk Oversight
The Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to discuss and consider matters concerning the Fund and to oversee the Fund’s activities, including its investment performance, compliance program and risks associated with its activities. Risk management is a broad concept comprising many disparate elements (for example, investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risk and business continuity risk). The Board implements its risk oversight function both as a whole and through its committees. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address risks associated with the Fund’s activities. In the course of providing oversight, the Board and its committees will receive reports on the Fund’s and the Adviser’s activities, including reports regarding the Fund’s investment portfolio and financial accounting and reporting. The Board also receives a quarterly report from the Fund’s chief compliance officer, who reports on the Fund’s compliance with the federal and state securities laws and its internal compliance policies and procedures as well as those of the Adviser, the Fund’s administrator and the Fund’s transfer agent. The Audit Committee’s meetings with the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm also contribute to its oversight of certain internal control risks. In addition, the Board meets periodically with the Adviser to receive reports regarding the Fund’s operations, including reports on certain investment and operational risks, and the Independent Trustees are encouraged to communicate directly with senior members of Fund management.
The Board believes that this role in risk oversight is appropriate. The Board believes that the Fund has robust internal processes in place and a strong internal control environment to identify and manage risks. However, not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified or processes and controls developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and some risks are beyond the control of the Fund, the Adviser and the Fund’s other service providers.
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Officers of the Fund
Below is a list of the trustees and officers of the Fund and their present positions and principal occupations during the past five years. Officers are annually elected by the Trustees.
Name, Year of Birth and Address |
Position(s) Held |
Term of Office and |
Principal Occupation(s) | |||
Thomas Murphy (1966)
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 |
Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | Since Inception | Chief Financial Officer, KKR Financial Holdings LLC (since 2015); Director, (Finance & Accounting), KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (since 2012); Chief Accounting Officer, KKR Financial Holdings LLC (since 2009); Managing Director, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (since 2021). | |||
Rudy Pimentel (1969)
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 |
President | Since January 2024 | Managing Director, KKR (since 2022), Vice President, T. Rowe Price (2017-2022). | |||
Lori Hoffman (1988)
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 |
Secretary and Vice President | Since June 2022 | Director, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (2024-present), Principal, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (2020-2024); Associate, Dechert LLP (2013-2020). | |||
Michael Nguyen (1982)
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 |
Chief Compliance Officer | Since June 2022 | Director, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (2022-present), Principal, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (2013-2022). | |||
Doug Krupa (1978)
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 |
Vice President, Head of Investor Relations | Since Inception | Managing Director, KKR Client and Partner Group (since 2019). |
The Fund’s officers do not receive compensation from the Fund.
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The Adviser
The Fund’s investment adviser is KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC. The Adviser’s principal office is located at 555 California Street, 50th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104. The Adviser is a subsidiary of KKR & Co. Inc.
Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, the Adviser manages the Fund’s investment portfolio, directs purchases and sales of portfolio securities and reports thereon to the Fund’s officers and trustees regularly. The Adviser or its parent also provides the office space, facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to perform the following services for the Fund: SEC compliance, including record keeping, reporting requirements and registration statements and proxies; supervision of Fund operations, including coordination of functions of the transfer agent, custodian, accountants, counsel and other parties performing services or operational functions for the Fund; and certain administrative and clerical services, including certain accounting services and maintenance of certain books and records.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Fund paid the Adviser $12.5 million, $10.5 million, and $7.4 million, respectively, under the investment advisory agreement. The investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser was most recently considered and approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, in principle at a meeting held on June 13, 2024. A discussion regarding the basis for the most recent approval of the renewal of the investment advisory agreement by the Board is available in the Fund’s annual report to Shareholders.
The investment advisory agreement provides for the Fund to pay an annual fee, payable monthly by the Fund, in an amount equal to 1.30% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes).
The investment advisory agreement provides that it will continue in effect, if not sooner terminated, for successive periods of 12 months, provided that each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (1) the vote of a majority of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities entitled to vote (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund (upon the vote of a majority of the Board or a majority of the outstanding securities entitled to vote) or by the Adviser, upon not more than 60 nor less than 30 days’ written notice by either party to the other which can be waived by the non-terminating party. The agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder).
The investment advisory agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Adviser is not liable to the Fund or any of the Fund’s Shareholders for any act or omission by the Adviser in the supervision or management of its respective investment activities or for any loss sustained by the Fund or the Fund’s Shareholders and provides for indemnification by the Fund of the Adviser, its Trustees, officers, employees, agents and control persons for liabilities incurred by them in connection with their services to the Fund, subject to certain limitations and conditions.
Although the professional staff of the Adviser will devote as much time to the management of the Fund as the Adviser deems appropriate to perform its duties in accordance with the investment advisory agreement and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards, the professional staff of the Adviser may have conflicts in allocating its time and services among the Fund and the Adviser’s other investment vehicles and accounts. The Adviser has informed the Board that the services of the Adviser are not exclusive, and the Adviser provides similar services to other clients and may engage in other activities.
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Legal Proceedings. On January 14, 2025, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) filed a civil antitrust complaint (the “DOJ Complaint”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against KKR & Co. Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “KKR Group”) and various KKR Group-sponsored investment entities (the “KKR Defendants”) alleging violations of the Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”). The DOJ Complaint requests various relief for the alleged violations of the HSR Act by the KKR Defendants, including civil penalties in an amount to be determined and various equitable relief, including disgorgement and enjoining future violations of the HSR Act.
Administrator
U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (the “Administrator”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as administrator to the Fund. Under the administration agreement, the Administrator is responsible for calculating the NAV of the Shares and generally managing the administrative affairs of the Fund.
The Administrator is entitled to receive a monthly fee based on the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, plus out-of-pocket expenses.
Portfolio Managers
The portfolio managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund also manage other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts, as indicated below. The following table identifies, as of October 31, 2024: (i) the number of other registered investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and (ii) the total assets under management (“AUM”) of such companies, vehicles and accounts, and the number and total AUM of such companies, vehicles and accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on performance.
Christopher A. Sheldon
Number of Accounts |
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee |
Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions) |
|||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $ | 521 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies |
10 | $ | 86,556 | 5 | $ | 6,306 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts |
17 | $ | 5,138 | 11 | $ | 3,562 |
Jeremiah Lane
Number of Accounts |
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee |
Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions) |
|||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $ | 521 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies |
6 | $ | 96,625 | 1 | $ | 14,562 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts |
65 | $ | 25,957 | 3 | $ | 430 |
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Daniel Pietrzak
Number of Accounts |
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance Fee |
Assets Subject to a Performance Fee (in millions) |
|||||||||||||
Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $ | 438 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles Other Than Registered Investment Companies |
19 | $ | 81,910 | 16 | $ | 19,899 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts |
22 | $ | 4,727 | 15 | $ | 4,044 |
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Consistent with KKR’s global, integrated culture, KKR has one firm-wide compensation and incentive structure based on a global profit and loss statement, which covers each of the portfolio managers. KKR’s compensation structure is designed to align the interests of the investment personnel serving the Fund with those of the Fund’s Shareholders and to give everyone a direct financial incentive to ensure that all of KKR’s resources, knowledge and relationships around the world are utilized to maximize risk-adjusted returns for each strategy.
Each of KKR’s senior executives, including the portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, receives a base salary and is eligible for a cash bonus and equity compensation, as well as additional incentives including “dollars at work” in KKR fund investments (other than the Fund) and equity compensation. The cash bonus, equity compensation and “dollars at work” are discretionary, and “dollars at work” and equity awards are typically subject to a vesting period of several years.
All final compensation and other longer-term incentive award decisions are made by the KKR Management Committee based on input from managers. Compensation and other incentives are not formulaic, but rather are judgment and merit driven, and are determined based on a combination of overall firm performance, individual contribution and performance, business unit performance, and relevant market and competitive compensation practices for other businesses and the individual roles/responsibilities within each of the businesses.
Securities Ownership of Portfolio Managers
As of October 31, 2024, the portfolio managers of the Fund beneficially owned the following amounts of Shares of the Fund:
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned1 | |
Christopher A. Sheldon |
None | |
Jeremiah Lane |
None | |
Daniel Pietrzak |
None |
1 | Ranges (None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, $100,001-$500,000, $500,001-$1,000,000 or over $1,000,000). |
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Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of the Fund, including, but not limited to, those discussed below. Dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and new and different types of conflicts may subsequently arise.
• | The members, officers and other personnel of the Adviser allocate their time, resources and other services between the Fund and other investment and business activities in which they are involved, including other funds, investment vehicles and accounts managed by KKR. The Adviser intends to devote such time as shall be necessary to conduct the Fund’s business affairs in an appropriate manner. However, the Adviser will continue to devote the time, resources and other services necessary to managing its other investment and business activities, and the Adviser is not precluded from conducting activities unrelated to the Fund. Substantial time will be spent by such members, officers and personnel monitoring the investments of other funds, investment vehicles and accounts managed by KKR. |
• | The Adviser will, at times, compete with certain of its affiliates, including other entities it manages, for investments for the Fund, subjecting the Adviser to certain conflicts of interest in evaluating the suitability of investment opportunities and making or recommending acquisitions on the Fund’s behalf. The Adviser will receive advisory and other fees from the other entities it manages, and due to fee-offset provisions contained in the management agreements for such entities, the fees, at times, will not be proportionate to such entities’ investment accounts for any given transaction and the Adviser will have an incentive to favor entities from which it receives higher fees. |
• | The Fund has adopted the Adviser’s allocation policy, which is designed to fairly and equitably distribute investment opportunities over time among funds or pools of capital managed by the Adviser, which may include proprietary accounts, including investment or co-investment vehicles established for personnel of KKR or its affiliates. The Adviser’s allocation policy provides that once an investment has been approved and is deemed to be in the Fund’s best interest, the Fund will receive a pro rata share of the investment based on capital available for investment in the asset class being allocated. Determinations as to the amount of capital available for investment are based on such factors as: the amount of cash on-hand, existing commitments and reserves, the targeted leverage level, the targeted asset mix and diversification requirements, other investment policies and restrictions and limitations imposed by applicable laws, rules, regulations or interpretations. The outcome of this determination will result in the allocation of all, some or none of an investment opportunity to the Fund. In addition, subject to applicable law, affiliates of the Adviser will, from time to time, invest in one of the Fund’s portfolio companies and hold a different class of securities than the Fund. To the extent that an affiliate of the Adviser holds a different class of securities than the Fund, its interests might not be aligned with the Fund’s. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser will act in the best interest of the Fund in accordance with its fiduciary duty to the Fund. |
• | The appropriate allocation among the Fund and other KKR funds and accounts of expenses and fees generated in the course of evaluating and making investments often will not be clear, especially where more than one KKR fund or account participates. The Adviser will determine, in its sole discretion, the appropriate allocation of investment-related expenses, including broken deal expenses incurred in respect of unconsummated investments and expenses more generally relating to a particular investment strategy, among the funds and accounts participating or that would have participated in such investments or that otherwise participate in the relevant investment strategy, as applicable, which could result in the Fund bearing more or less of these expenses than other participants or potential participants in the relevant investments. |
• | The compensation payable by the Fund to the Adviser will be approved by the Board consistent with the exercise of the requisite standard of care applicable to trustees under state law. Such compensation is payable, in most cases, regardless of the quality of the assets acquired, the services provided to the Fund or whether the Fund makes distributions to Shareholders. |
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• | The Adviser and its affiliates will, at times, provide a broad range of financial services to companies in which the Fund invests, in compliance with applicable law, and will generally be paid fees for such services. In addition, affiliates of the Adviser could act as an underwriter or placement agent in connection with an offering of securities by one of the companies in the Fund’s portfolio. Any compensation received by the Adviser and its affiliates for providing these services will not be shared with the Fund and could be received before the Fund realizes a return on its investment. The Adviser will face conflicts of interest with respect to services performed for these companies, on the one hand, and investments recommended to the Fund, on the other hand. |
• | KKR engages in a broad range of business activities and invests in portfolio companies and other issuers whose operations could be substantially similar to the issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments. The performance and operation of such competing businesses could conflict with and adversely affect the performance and operation of the issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments and could adversely affect the prices and availability of business opportunities or transactions available to these issuers. |
• | From time to time, to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or with exemptive relief the Fund receives from the SEC, if any, the Fund and other clients for which the Adviser provides investment management services or carries on investment activities (including, among others, clients that are employee benefit plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and related regulations) will make investments at different levels of an investment entity’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of an issuer’s securities. These investments inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities held by the Fund and such other clients, including in the case of financial distress of the investment entity. |
• | KKR and the Adviser sponsor and advise, and expect in the future to sponsor and advise, a broad range of investment funds, vehicles and other accounts, including proprietary vehicles, that make investments worldwide. KKR will, from time to time, also make investments for its own account, including, for example, through investment and co-investment vehicles established for KKR personnel and associates. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships (including, among others, relationships with clients that are employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and related regulations) or from engaging in other business activities, even to the extent such activities are in competition with the Fund and/or involve substantial time and resources of the Adviser. For example, the Adviser could invest, on behalf of an affiliated fund, in a company that is a competitor of one of the Fund’s portfolio companies or that is a service provider, supplier, customer or other counterparty with respect to one of the Fund’s portfolio companies or the Adviser could, on behalf of other entities it manages, acquire assets originated by, or provide financing to, portfolio companies and other issuers in which the Fund invests. In providing advice and recommendations to, or with respect to, such investments and in dealing in such investments on behalf of such other affiliated fund, to the extent permitted by law, the Adviser or its affiliates will not take into consideration the interests of the Fund and its portfolio investments and issuers thereof. Accordingly, such advice, recommendations and dealings will result in conflicts of interest for the Adviser. In addition, the Adviser’s ability to effectively implement the Fund’s investment strategies will be limited to the extent that contractual obligations relating to these permitted activities restrict the Adviser’s ability to engage in transactions that it would otherwise be interested in pursuing. Affiliates of the Adviser, whose primary business includes the origination of investments, engage in investment advisory business with accounts that compete with the Fund. |
• | The Adviser and its affiliates will, from time to time, give advice and recommend securities to other clients that differs from, or is contrary to, advice given to or securities recommended or bought for the Fund even though their investment objectives are similar to the Fund’s. |
• | To the extent not restricted by confidentiality requirements or applicable law, the Adviser will, from time to time, apply experience and information gained in providing services to the Fund’s portfolio |
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companies in providing services to competing companies invested in by affiliates’ other clients, which could have adverse consequences for the Fund or its portfolio investments. In addition, in providing services in respect of such portfolio companies and other issuers of portfolio investments, the Adviser or its affiliates will, from time to time, come into possession of information that it is prohibited from acting on (including on behalf of the Fund) or disclosing as a result of applicable confidentiality requirements or applicable law, even though such action or disclosure would be in the interests of the Fund. |
• | As a registered investment company, the Fund is limited in its ability to make investments in issuers in which the Adviser or its affiliates’ other clients have an investment. The Fund is limited in its ability to co-invest with the Adviser or one or more of its affiliates without an exemptive order from the SEC. On January 5, 2021, the SEC issued an exemptive order granting exemptive relief that expanded the Fund’s ability to co-invest with certain of its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions subject to the conditions specified in the exemptive order. |
• | On February 1, 2021, KKR acquired control of Global Atlantic Financial Group Limited (“Global Atlantic”), a retirement and life insurance company. KKR, including the Adviser, will serve as Global Atlantic’s investment manager. KKR, including the Adviser, generally expects to treat any Global Atlantic account as a client account for the purposes of allocating investment opportunities and related fees and expenses. Certain Global Atlantic accounts may co-invest alongside the Fund in some or all investments in the Fund’s Private Credit Strategy. Due to the limited nature of many Private Credit investment opportunities, we expect that participation by Global Atlantic accounts in co-investment transactions will generally reduce the allocations otherwise available to other co-investing accounts, including the Fund. The establishment of Global Atlantic accounts investing directly in the Private Credit Strategy investments will create a conflict of interest in that KKR will be incentivized to allocate more attractive investments and scarce investment opportunities to these proprietary entities and accounts rather than to the Fund. To mitigate this conflict, KKR will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that is consistent with an allocation methodology established by KKR and its affiliates (including the Adviser), as described above, in a manner designed to ensure allocations of such opportunities are made on a fair and equitable basis over time. |
• | The Fund depends to a significant extent on the Adviser’s access to the investment professionals and senior management of KKR and the information and deal flow generated by the KKR investment professionals and senior management during the normal course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The senior management and the investment professionals of the Adviser source, evaluate, analyze and monitor the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success will depend on the continued service of the senior management team and investment professionals of the Adviser. |
• | The Adviser’s relationship with other advisory clients and with KKR could create a conflict of interest to the extent the Adviser becomes aware of inside information concerning investments or potential investment targets. KKR has adopted information-sharing policies and procedures which address both (i) the handling of confidential information and (ii) the information barrier that exists between the public and private sides of KKR. KKR has compliance functions to administer KKR’s information-sharing policies and procedures and monitor potential conflicts of interest. The Fund cannot assure its investors, however, that these procedures and practices will be effective. Although the Fund plans to leverage KKR’s firm-wide resources to help source, conduct due diligence on, structure, syndicate and create value for the Fund’s investments (to the extent permitted by applicable law), KKR’s information-sharing policies and procedures referenced above, as well as certain legal, contractual and tax constraints, could significantly limit KKR’s ability to do so. For example, from time to time KKR’s personnel will be in possession of material non-public information with respect to the Fund’s investments or potential investments, and as a result, such professionals will be restricted by KKR’s information-sharing policies or by law or contract, from sharing such information with the KKR professionals responsible for making the Fund’s investment decisions, even where the disclosure of such information would be in the best interest of the Fund or would otherwise influence the decisions |
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taken by such investment professionals with respect to such investment or potential investment. In addition, this conflict and these procedures and practices could limit the freedom of the Adviser to enter into or exit from potentially profitable investments for the Fund which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s results of operations. Conversely, the Adviser could pursue investments for the Fund without obtaining access to confidential information otherwise in its or KKR’s possession, which information, if reviewed, might otherwise impact the Adviser’s judgment with respect to such investments. Accordingly, as a result of such restrictions, the investment activities of KKR’s other businesses will differ from, or be inconsistent with, the interests of and activities that are undertaken for the Fund and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to fully leverage all of the available resources and industry expertise of KKR’s other businesses. Additionally, there will be circumstances in which one or more individuals associated with the Adviser will be precluded from providing services to the Fund because of certain confidential information available to those individuals or to other parts of KKR. |
• | The nature of the Adviser’s businesses and the participation by its employees in creditors’ committees, steering committees or boards of directors of portfolio companies will, from time to time, result in the Adviser receiving material non-public information from time to time with respect to publicly held companies or otherwise becoming an “insider” with respect to such companies. With limited exceptions, KKR does not establish information barriers between its internal investment teams. Trading by KKR on the basis of such information, or improperly disclosing such information, could be restricted pursuant to applicable law and/or internal policies and procedures adopted by KKR to promote compliance with applicable law. Accordingly, the possession of “inside information” or “insider” status with respect to such an issuer by KKR or KKR personnel could, including where an appropriate information barrier does not exist between the relevant investment professionals or has been “crossed” by such professionals, significantly restrict the ability of the Adviser to deal in the securities of that issuer on behalf of the Fund, which could adversely impact the Fund, including by preventing the execution of an otherwise advisable purchase or sale transaction in a particular security until such information ceases to be regarded as material non-public information, which could have an adverse effect on the overall performance of such investment. In addition, affiliates of KKR in possession of such information could be prevented from disclosing such information to the Adviser, even where the disclosure of such information would be in the interests of the Fund. From time to time, the Adviser will also be subject to contractual “stand-still” obligations and/or confidentiality obligations that restrict its ability to trade in certain securities on behalf of the Fund. In certain circumstances, the Fund or the Adviser will engage an independent agent to dispose of securities of issuers in which KKR could be deemed to have material non-public information on behalf of the Fund. Such independent agent could dispose of the relevant securities for a price that is lower than the Adviser’s valuation of such securities which could take into account the material non-public information known to KKR in respect of the relevant issuer |
• | The Adviser could develop new businesses such as providing investment banking, advisory and other services to corporations, financial sponsors, management or other persons. Such services could relate to transactions that could give rise to investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund. In such case, the Adviser’s client would typically require the Adviser to act exclusively on its behalf, thereby precluding the Fund from participating in such investment opportunities. The Adviser would not be obligated to decline any such engagements in order to make an investment opportunity available to the Fund. In addition, the Adviser could come into the possession of information through these new businesses that limits the Fund’s ability to engage in potential transactions. |
• | The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to invest in, or hold securities of, companies that are controlled by funds managed by KKR. Any such investments could create conflicts of interest between the Fund, the Adviser and KKR. The Adviser will also have, or enter into, advisory relationships with other advisory clients (including, among others, employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and related regulations) that could lead to circumstances in which a conflict of interest between the Adviser’s |
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advisory clients could exist or develop. In addition, to the extent that another client of the Adviser or KKR holds a different class of securities than the Fund, the interest of such client and the Fund might not be aligned. As a result of these conflicts and restrictions, the Adviser could be unable to implement the Fund’s investment strategies as effectively as it could have in the absence of such conflicts or restrictions. In order to avoid these conflicts and restrictions, the Adviser could choose to exit these investments prematurely and, as a result, the Fund would forgo any future positive returns associated with such investments. |
• | Certain other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts have investment objectives, programs, strategies and positions that are similar to, or conflict with, those of the Fund, or compete with, or have interests adverse to, the Fund. This type of conflict could affect the prices and availability of the securities or interests in which the Fund invests. KKR will, from time to time, give advice or take action with respect to the investments held by, and transactions of, other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts that could be different from or otherwise inconsistent with the advice given or timing or nature of any action taken with respect to the investments held by, and timing or nature of any action taken with respect to the investments held by, and transactions of, the Fund. Such different advice and/or inconsistent actions could be due to a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, the differences between the investment objective, program, strategy and tax treatment of the other KKR client accounts or proprietary accounts and the Fund or the regulatory status of other KKR client accounts and any related restrictions or obligations imposed on KKR as a fiduciary thereof. Such advice and actions could adversely impact the Fund. |
• | KKR, for its own account or for the account of other KKR clients, could enter into real estate-related transactions with Fund portfolio companies. Such transactions could include, for example, buying or selling real estate assets, acquiring or entering into leasing arrangements or amending such arrangements or transferring options or rights of first refusal to acquire real estate assets. Such transactions, which do not involve securities, are not governed by restrictions on principal transactions and cross transactions but are subject to specific policies and procedures established by KKR to manage related conflicts. |
• | The 1940 Act prohibits the Fund from participating in certain transactions with certain of its affiliates including an Adviser-affiliated broker-dealer. The Fund generally is prohibited, for example, from buying or selling any securities from or to another client of the Adviser or of KKR. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates, which in certain circumstances could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times to the extent the transaction involves jointness) or transactions in which a broker-dealer affiliated with the Adviser participates as principal with the Fund. If a person acquires more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities, the Fund will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons. Similar restrictions limit the Fund’s ability to transact business with its officers or trustees or their affiliates. The SEC has interpreted the 1940 Act rules governing transactions with affiliates to prohibit certain “joint transactions” involving entities that share a common investment adviser. As a result of these restrictions, the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund will be limited. These investment opportunities will generally be made available to other funds, vehicles and accounts advised by the Adviser that are not subject to similar restrictions under the 1940 Act. |
• | Shareholders of the Fund are based in a wide variety of jurisdictions and take a wide variety of forms. Accordingly, they could have conflicting regulatory, legal, investment, tax and other interests with respect to their investments in the Fund. The conflicting interests of individual Shareholders relate to or arise from, among other things, the nature of investments made by the Fund, the selection, structuring, acquisition and management of investments, the timing of disposition of investments, internal investment policies of the Shareholders and their target risk/return profiles. As a consequence, conflicts of interest could arise in connection with decisions made by the Adviser, including with respect to the |
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nature or structuring of investments, which could be more beneficial for one Shareholder than for another Shareholder, especially with respect to Shareholders’ individual tax situations. In addition, the Fund could make investments that have a negative impact on related investments made by the Fund in separate transactions. In selecting and structuring investments appropriate for the Fund, the Adviser will consider the investment and tax objectives of the Fund and its Shareholders as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any Shareholder individually. |
Each of the Adviser and the other investment advisers and/or investment managers affiliated with KKR will deal with conflicts of interest using its best judgment, but in its sole discretion. When conflicts arise between the Fund and another affiliated fund, the Adviser will represent the interests of the Fund and the other participating affiliated adviser will represent the interests of the affiliated fund it sponsors, manages or advises. In resolving conflicts, the Adviser and the other affiliated advisers will consider various factors, including applicable restrictions under the 1940 Act, the interests of the funds and accounts they advise in the context of both the immediate issue at hand and the longer term course of dealing among the Fund and the other affiliated fund. As with all conflicts involving the Fund, the Adviser’s determination as to which factors are relevant and the resolution of such conflicts will be made in the Adviser’s sole discretion except as required by the 1940 Act or by the governing documents of the Fund. Although the Adviser has established procedures and policies addressing conflicts of interest, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to resolve all conflicts in a manner that is favorable to the Fund.
Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Voting Record
The Board has delegated the day-to-day responsibility to the Adviser to vote the Fund’s proxies. The Adviser will vote proxies according to the proxy voting policies and procedures currently in effect as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, a copy of which appears below. These guidelines are reviewed periodically by the Adviser as well as the Board, and, accordingly, are subject to change.
Proxy Policies
The Adviser will have the responsibility of voting proxies and corporate actions that it receives on behalf of the Fund. Proxy proposals received by the Adviser and designated in its Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Policy”) as “For” or “Against” will be voted by the Adviser in accordance with the Proxy Policy. Proxy proposals received by the Adviser and designated in the Proxy Policy as “Case by Case” (or not addressed in the Proxy Policy) and all corporate actions will be reviewed by the Adviser and voted in the best interest of the Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser may vote a proxy contrary to the Proxy Policy if the Adviser, with the assistance of the analyst who is in charge of the issuer, determines that such action is in the best interest of the Fund. In the event that the Adviser votes contrary to the Proxy Policy or with respect to “Case by Case” issues, the Adviser, with the assistance of the analyst who is in charge of the issuer, will document the basis for the Adviser’s decision.
In addition, the Adviser may choose not to vote proxies or corporate actions in certain situations, such as: (i) where the Fund has informed the Adviser that it wishes to retain the right to vote the proxy or corporate action; (ii) where the Adviser deems the cost of voting would exceed any anticipated benefit to the Fund; or (iii) where a proxy or corporate action is received by the Adviser for a security it no longer manages on behalf of the Fund. The Adviser with the assistance of the analyst who is in charge of the issuer will document for the basis of the Adviser’s decision not to vote.
The Adviser may occasionally be subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships it maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. The Adviser, its affiliates and/or its employees may also occasionally have business or personal relationships with the proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors and officers or candidates for
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directorships. If at any time, the Adviser becomes aware of an existing or potential conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, the Adviser’s Conflicts Committee (“Conflicts Committee”), or its designee, must be notified. Provided the Conflicts Committee has determined that a conflict or potential for a conflict exists, the proxy must be voted in alignment with the recommendation set forth by Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. Appropriate documentation will be maintained by the Conflicts Committee.
Proxy Voting Records
Information on how the Fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period will be available without charge by calling toll-free (855) 844-8655 or on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
Codes of Ethics
The Fund and the Adviser have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establish procedures for personal investments and restrict certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to these codes may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. In addition, the code of ethics is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of each code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Adviser has responsibility for decisions to buy and sell securities and other instruments for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of prices and any brokerage commissions on such transactions. Although the Adviser will be primarily responsible for the placement of the Fund’s portfolio business, the policies and practices in this regard are subject to review by the Board.
With respect to interests in Senior Loans, the Fund generally will engage in privately negotiated transactions for purchase or sale in which the Adviser will negotiate on behalf of the Fund (although a more developed market may exist for certain Senior Loans). The Fund will, from time to time, be required to pay fees, or give up a portion of interest and any fees payable to the Fund, to the lender selling participations or assignments to the Fund. The Adviser will determine the lenders from whom the Fund will purchase assignments and participations by considering their professional ability, level of service, relationship with a borrower, financial condition, credit standards and quality of management. The illiquidity of many Senior Loans may restrict the ability of the Adviser to locate in a timely manner persons willing to purchase the Fund’s interests in Senior Loans at a fair price should the Fund desire to sell such interests. See “Risks—Senior Loans Risk” in the prospectus. Affiliates of the Adviser may participate in the primary and secondary market for Senior Loans. Because of certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act, this may restrict the Fund’s ability to acquire some Senior Loans. The Adviser does not believe that this will have a material effect on the Fund’s ability to acquire Senior Loans consistent with its investment policies.
As most transactions made by the Fund are principal transactions at net prices, the Fund generally incurs little or no brokerage costs. The portfolio securities in which the Fund invests are normally purchased directly from the issuer or in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market from an underwriter or market maker for the securities. Purchases from underwriters of portfolio securities include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers serving as market makers include a spread or markup to the dealer between the bid and asked price. Sales to dealers are effected at bid prices.
The Fund will, from time to time, also purchase certain money market instruments directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid (although the Fund could indirectly bear fees and expenses of any money market funds in which it invests), or could purchase and sell listed securities on an exchange, which are effected through brokers who charge a commission for their services.
In effecting securities transactions, the Adviser will seek to obtain the best execution of orders. Commission rates are a component of price and are considered along with other relevant factors. In determining the broker or dealer to be used and the commission rates to be paid, the Adviser will consider the utility and reliability of brokerage services, including execution capability and performance, financial responsibility, investment information, market insights, other research provided by such brokers, and access to analysts, management and idea generation. Accordingly, the commissions charged by any such broker may be greater than the amount another firm might charge if the Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of such commissions is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage services and research information provided by such brokers. Consistent with the requirements of best execution, brokerage commissions on accounts may be directed to brokers in recognition of investment research and information furnished as well as for services rendered in execution of orders by such brokers. By allocating transactions in this manner, the Adviser may be able to supplement its research and analysis with the views and information of brokerage firms. The Adviser may also allocate a portion of its brokerage business to firms whose employees participate as brokers in the introduction of investors to the Adviser or who agree to bear the expense of capital introduction, marketing or related services by third parties. Eligible research or brokerage services provided by brokers through which portfolio transactions for the Adviser are executed may include research reports on particular industries and companies, economic surveys and analyses, recommendations as to specific securities, online quotations, news and research services, financial publications and other products and services (e.g., software based applications for market quotes and news, database programs providing investment and industry data) providing lawful and appropriate assistance to the
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portfolio managers and their designees in the performance of their investment decision-making responsibilities on behalf of the Adviser and other accounts which their affiliates manage (collectively, “Soft Dollar Items”). The Adviser and its affiliates generally use such products and services (if any) for the benefit of all of their accounts. Soft Dollar Items may be provided directly by brokers, by third parties at the direction of brokers or purchased on behalf of the Fund and its affiliates with credits or rebates provided by brokers. Any Soft Dollar Items obtained in connection with portfolio transactions for the Fund are intended to fall within the “safe harbor” of Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act. As noted above, because most of the Fund’s transactions will likely be principal transactions, the Fund will likely not incur significant brokerage commissions (although it will be subject to mark-ups and mark-downs imposed by dealers). Section 28(e) generally only applies with respect to brokerage commissions; as such, the Fund does not expect to benefit from any significant amount of Soft Dollar Items.
The Adviser may also place portfolio transactions, to the extent permitted by law, with brokerage firms affiliated with the Fund or the Adviser if they reasonably believe that the quality of execution and the commission are comparable to those available from other qualified firms. Similarly, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the same considerations on quality of execution and comparable commission rates, the Adviser may direct an executing broker to pay a portion or all of any commissions, concessions or discounts to a firm supplying research or other services.
The Adviser may place portfolio transactions at or about the same time for other advisory accounts, including other investment companies. The Adviser will seek to allocate portfolio transactions equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or sell securities for the Fund and another advisory account. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse effect on the price or the amount of securities available to the Fund. In making such allocations among the Fund and other advisory accounts, the main factors considered by the Adviser are the respective sizes of the Fund and other advisory accounts, the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held and opinions of the persons responsible for recommending the investment. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
The placing and execution of orders for the Fund also is subject to restrictions under U.S. securities laws, including certain prohibitions against trading among the Fund and its affiliates (including the Adviser or its affiliates). Certain broker-dealers, through which the Fund may effect securities transactions, may be affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund or affiliated persons of such affiliates. The Board has adopted certain policies incorporating the standards of Rule 17e-1 issued by the SEC under the 1940 Act which require that the commissions paid to affiliates of the Fund be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time. The rule and procedures also contain review requirements and require the Adviser to furnish reports to the trustees and to maintain records in connection with such reviews. In addition, the Fund will, from time to time, purchase securities in a placement for which affiliates of the Adviser have acted as agent to or for issuers, consistent with applicable rules adopted by the SEC or regulatory authorization, if necessary. The Fund will not purchase securities from or sell securities to any affiliate of the Adviser acting as principal. The Adviser is prohibited from directing brokerage transactions on the basis of the referral of clients or the sale of shares of advised investment companies.
Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. Because it is difficult to predict accurately portfolio turnover rates, actual turnover may be higher or lower than expected. Higher portfolio turnover results in increased Fund costs, including brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and on the reinvestment in other securities.
During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Fund paid $0, $1,514, and $0, respectively, in brokerage commissions.
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of Shares and some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund. The discussion below provides general tax information related to an investment in Shares, but this discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Shares. It is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and Treasury regulations and administrative pronouncements, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a Shareholder’s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences and tax consequences applicable to Shareholders subject to special tax rules, such as certain financial institutions; dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; persons holding Shares as part of a hedging transaction, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the Shares; entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; real estate investment trusts; insurance companies; U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or tax-exempt entities, including “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs.” Unless otherwise noted, the following discussion applies only to a Shareholder that holds Shares as a capital asset (generally, for investment) and is a U.S. Shareholder.
A “U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of Shares who is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• | a citizen or individual resident of the United States; |
• | a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; |
• | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
• | a trust if it (x) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A “non-U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of Shares who is not a U.S. Shareholder.
If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A prospective Shareholder that is a partner of a partnership holding Shares should consult his, her or its tax advisers with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares.
Tax matters are very complicated and the tax consequences to an investor of an investment in Shares will depend on the facts of his, her or its particular situation. The Fund encourages investors to consult their own tax advisers regarding the specific consequences of such an investment, including tax reporting requirements, the applicability of U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax laws, eligibility for the benefits of any applicable tax treaty and the effect of any possible changes in the tax laws.
Election to be Taxed as a Regulated Investment Company (“RIC”)
The Fund has elected to be treated and has qualified, and intends to continue to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund generally will not have to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any income that it distributes to its Shareholders as dividends. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements (as described below). In addition, to qualify for RIC tax treatment, the Fund must distribute to its Shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income,” which is generally its ordinary income plus the excess of its realized net short-term capital gains over its realized net long-term capital losses (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”).
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Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
If the Fund:
• | qualifies as a RIC; and |
• | satisfies the Annual Distribution Requirement, |
then the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its income it distributes (or is deemed to distribute) to its Shareholders. The Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to its Shareholders.
The Fund will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless it distributes in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its net ordinary income for each calendar year (taking into account certain deferrals and elections), (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years (the “Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement”). The Fund generally will endeavor in each taxable year to make sufficient distributions to its Shareholders to avoid any U.S. federal excise tax on its earnings, but the Fund reserves the right to pay the excise tax when circumstances warrant.
In order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund must, among other things:
• | continue to qualify as a management investment company under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year; |
• | derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” or other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stock or securities (the “90% Income Test”); |
• | diversify its holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year; |
• | at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and |
• | no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (the “Diversification Tests”). |
The Fund generally intends to comply with 90% Income Test and the Diversification Tests. However, certain of the Fund’s investments may produce income that may not constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Income Test. For example, any equity investments the Fund makes in entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes that are engaged in active businesses will not produce qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Income Test. In addition, we may invest in certain commodity-related derivatives to hedge positions in commodity-related issuers or industries. The IRS has ruled that income from certain commodity-related derivatives would not be qualifying income for the 90% Income Test with respect to a taxpayer whose commodity-related derivatives were not entered into in connection with a business of investing in stock and securities. No complete assurance can be provided that the Fund will be able to satisfy requirements of the 90% Income Test and the Diversification Tests.
In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (1) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses
49
or deductions, (2) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gain into higher-taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (3) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss, the deductibility of which is more limited, (4) adversely affect when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (5) adversely alter the intended characterization of certain complex financial transactions, and (6) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash (referred to as “phantom income”). For example, with respect to phantom income, if the Fund holds debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (“OID”) (such as debt instruments with “payment-in-kind” (“PIK”) interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with equity or warrants) or debt obligations that are acquired with market discount in respect of which an election has been made to accrue such market discount on a current basis, the Fund must include in income each year a portion of the OID or market discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by the Fund in the same taxable year. The Fund may also have to include in income other amounts that it has not yet received in cash, such as PIK interest and deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as equity or warrants. Because any OID or other amounts accrued will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income for the year of accrual, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to its Shareholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, even though it will not have received any corresponding cash amount. Moreover, there may be uncertainty as to the appropriate treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In particular, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of investments in debt securities that are rated below investment grade is uncertain in various respects.
As a result of the application of the rules described above, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax or the 4% nondeductible excise tax and, under certain circumstances, the Fund’s ability to qualify or maintain its qualification as a RIC could be negatively affected. The Fund will monitor its investments and may make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of these provisions. Accordingly, no complete assurance can be provided that the Fund will be able to satisfy the 90% Income Test and the Diversification Tests, avoid the U.S. federal income tax or meet the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement.
For federal income tax purposes, the Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any taxable year to offset its own capital gains, if any. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and the applicable Treasury regulations. Any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. In the event that the Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Code, the capital loss carryforwards and other favorable tax attributes of the Fund, if any, may be subject to limitation.
Although the Fund does not presently expect to do so, it is authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to make distributions to its Shareholders while its debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain “asset coverage” tests are met. Moreover, the Fund’s ability to dispose of assets to meet its distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of its portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to its status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If the Fund disposes of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, the Fund may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous.
Some of the income and fees that the Fund may recognize will not satisfy the 90% Income Test. In order to ensure that such income and fees do not disqualify the Fund as a RIC for a failure to satisfy such test, the Fund may be required to recognize such income and fees indirectly through one or more entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such corporations will be subject to U.S. corporate income tax on their earnings, which ultimately will reduce the Fund’s return on such income and fees.
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, thereby reducing the income available for distribution to Shareholders. Tax
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conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. The Fund generally intends to conduct its investment activities to minimize the impact of foreign taxation, but there is no guarantee that the Fund will be successful in this regard.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues interest income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, on disposition of some investments, including debt securities and certain forward contracts denominated in a foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as “section 988” gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its Shareholders as ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the amount of income that the Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment as a RIC and to prevent application of an excise tax on undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to make ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses were realized would be recharacterized as a return of capital to Shareholders for federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each Shareholder’s basis in its shares of the Fund.
The Fund may invest in shares of foreign corporations, which may be treated as passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) under the Code. In general, a foreign corporation is treated as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. If the Fund receives a so-called “excess distribution” with respect to PFIC stock, the Fund itself may be subject to a tax on a portion of the excess distribution, whether or not the corresponding income is distributed by the Fund to Shareholders. In general, under the PFIC rules, an excess distribution is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Fund held the PFIC shares. The Fund itself will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of an excess distribution that is so allocated to prior Fund tax years and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had been payable in such prior tax years. Certain distributions from a PFIC as well as gain from the sale of PFIC shares are treated as excess distributions. Excess distributions are characterized as ordinary income even though, absent application of the PFIC rules, certain excess distributions might have been characterized as capital gain.
The Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC shares. Under an election that currently is available in some circumstances, the Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether distributions are received from the PFIC in a given tax year. If this election were made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. Furthermore, applicable Treasury regulations generally treat the Fund’s income inclusion with respect to a PFIC with respect to which the Fund has made this election as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Income Test if (A) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the PFIC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (B) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies.
Alternatively, the Fund may elect to mark-to-market its PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year, with the result that unrealized gains would be treated as though they were realized and reported as ordinary income. Any mark-to-market losses would be deductible as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior tax years.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC shares, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC shares, the amount that must be distributed to Shareholders, and which
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will be taxed to Shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC shares.
Some of the CLOs in which the Fund invests may be PFICs, which are generally subject to the tax consequences described above. Investment in certain equity interests of CLOs that are subject to treatment as PFICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes may cause the Fund to recognize income in a tax year in excess of the Fund’s distributions from such CLOs, PFICs and the Fund’s proceeds from sales or other dispositions of equity interests in other CLOs and other PFICs during that tax year. As a result, the Fund generally would be required to distribute such income to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs.
If the Fund holds more than 10% of the interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) (including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a CLO treated as CFC), the Fund may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation in an amount equal to the Fund’s pro rata share of the corporation’s income for the tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution during such year. In general, a foreign corporation will be classified as a CFC if more than 50% of the shares of the corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A “U.S. Shareholder,” for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined value or voting power of all classes of shares of a corporation. If the Fund is treated as receiving a deemed distribution from a CFC, the Fund will be required to include such distribution in the Fund’s investment company taxable income regardless of whether the Fund receives any actual distributions from such CFC, and the Fund must distribute such income to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. Additionally, applicable Treasury regulations generally treat the Fund’s income inclusion with respect to a CFC as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Income Test if (A) there is a current distribution out of the earnings and profits of the CFC that are attributable to such income inclusion or (B) such inclusion is derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities, or currencies.
The Fund might invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have not yet been issued (but may apply with retroactive effect) a portion of the Fund’s income from a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC or a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to Federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Fund, will generally be allocated to Shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such Shareholders, with the same consequences as if the Shareholders held the related REMIC or TMP residual interest directly.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to Shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions) and (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income. In addition, because the Code provides that excess inclusion income is ineligible for treaty benefits, a RIC must withhold tax on excess inclusions attributable to its foreign Shareholders at a 30% rate of withholding, regardless of any treaty benefits for which a Shareholder is otherwise eligible.
Any investment in residual interests of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax problems, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as Shareholders. Under current law, the Fund serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt Shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt Shareholder will recognize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt
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Shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. Furthermore, a tax-exempt Shareholder may recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in REMIC residual interests or TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund’s investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
Failure to Qualify as a Regulated Investment Company
If the Fund were unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC and certain cure provisions were inapplicable, the Fund would be subject to tax on all of its taxable income at regular corporate rates, regardless of whether the Fund makes any distributions to its Shareholders. The Annual Distribution Requirement would not be applicable, and distributions would be taxable to the Fund’s Shareholders as ordinary dividend income that, subject to certain limitations, may be eligible for preferential rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, distributions by the Fund to corporate Shareholders would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the Shareholder’s tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Fund qualifies as a RIC and has satisfied the Annual Distribution Requirement.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
Distributions by the Fund generally are taxable to U.S. Shareholders as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of the Fund’s “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, the Fund’s net ordinary income plus realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses) will be taxable as ordinary income to U.S. Shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Distributions paid by the Fund to U.S. Shareholders taxed at individual rates that are attributable to dividends from U.S. corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income,” which is currently subject to a maximum tax rate of either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the Shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. In this regard, it is anticipated that distributions paid by the Fund will generally not be attributable to dividends and, therefore, generally will not qualify for the preferential maximum rate applicable to qualified dividend income. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gains (which are generally the Fund’s realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) properly reported by us as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable to a U.S. Shareholder as long-term capital gains that are currently generally taxable at a maximum rate of 15% or 20% (depending on whether the Shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts) in the case of U.S. Shareholders taxed at individual rates, regardless of the U.S. Shareholder’s holding period for his, her or its Shares and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in such Shareholder’s Shares and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. Shareholder.
Properly reported dividends paid by the Fund that are attributable to the Fund’s “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, ordinary income dividends paid by a REIT, not including capital gain dividends or dividends treated as qualified dividend income) are eligible for the 20% deduction described in Section 199A of the Code through 2025 in the case of non-corporate U.S. Shareholders, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by the Shareholder and the Fund. There can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will qualify for such deduction.
It is expected that a very substantial portion of the Fund’s income will consist of ordinary income. For example, interest and OID derived by the Fund will constitute ordinary income. In addition, gain derived by the Fund from the disposition of debt securities with “market discount” (generally, securities purchased by the Fund at a
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discount to their stated redemption price) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that has accrued, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, at the time of such disposition unless the Fund makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments will be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may affect the character, increase the amount and/or accelerate the timing of distributions to Shareholders.
Certain distributions reported by the Fund as Section 163(j) interest dividends may be treated as interest income by Shareholders for purposes of the tax rules applicable to interest expense limitations under Code section 163(j). Such treatment by the Shareholder is generally subject to holding period requirements and other potential limitations, although the holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. The amount that the Fund is eligible to report as a Section 163(j) dividend for a tax year is generally limited to the excess of the Fund’s business interest income over the sum of the Fund’s (i) business interest expense and (ii) other deductions properly allocable to the Fund’s business interest income.
The Fund may retain some or all of its realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses but designate the retained net capital gain as a “deemed distribution.” In that case, among other consequences, the Fund will pay tax on the retained amount, each U.S. Shareholder will be required to include his, her or its share of the deemed distribution in income as if it had been actually distributed to the U.S. Shareholder, and the U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to claim a credit equal to his, her or its allocable share of the tax paid thereon by us. To the extent the Fund pays tax on any retained capital gains at its regular corporate tax rate when that rate is in excess of the maximum rate payable by individuals on long-term capital gains, the amount of tax that individual U.S. Shareholders will be treated as having paid will exceed the tax they owe on the capital gain distribution and such excess generally may be refunded or claimed as a credit against the U.S. Shareholder’s other U.S. federal income tax obligations. The amount of the deemed distribution net of such tax will be added to the U.S. Shareholder’s cost basis for his, her or its Shares. In order to utilize the deemed distribution approach, the Fund must provide written notice to its Shareholders prior to the expiration of 60 days after the close of the relevant taxable year. The Fund cannot treat any of its investment company taxable income as a “deemed distribution.”
For purposes of determining (1) whether the Annual Distribution Requirement is satisfied for any year and (2) the amount of capital gain dividends paid for that year, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it had been paid during the taxable year in question. If the Fund makes such an election, the U.S. Shareholder will still be treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which the distribution is made. However, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following year, will be treated as if it had been received by the Fund’s U.S. Shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
If an investor purchases Shares shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the Shares will include the value of the distribution and the investor will be subject to tax on the distribution even though economically it may represent a return of his, her or its investment.
From time to time, the Fund may offer to repurchase its outstanding Shares. Shareholders who tender all Shares held, or considered to be held, by them will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will realize a capital gain or loss. The amount of gain or loss will be measured by the difference between such U.S. Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares sold and the amount of the proceeds received in exchange. Any gain arising from such sale or disposition generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Shareholder has held his, her or its Shares for more than one year. Otherwise, it will be classified as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any capital loss arising from the sale or disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of capital gain dividends received, or undistributed capital gain deemed received, with respect to such Shares. In addition, all or a portion of any loss
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recognized upon a disposition of Shares may be disallowed if other Shares are purchased (whether through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the disposition. If a Shareholder tenders fewer than all of its Shares or fewer than all Shares tendered are repurchased, such Shareholder may be treated as having received a taxable dividend upon the tender of its Shares. In such a case, there is a risk that non-tendering Shareholders, and Shareholders who tender some but not all of their Shares or fewer than all of whose Shares are repurchased, in each case whose percentage interests in the Fund increase as a result of such tender, will be treated as having received a taxable distribution from the Fund. The extent of such risk will vary depending upon the particular circumstances of the tender offer, and in particular whether such offer is a single and isolated event or is part of a plan for periodically redeeming Shares of the Fund.
In general, U.S. Shareholders taxed at individual rates currently are subject to a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of either 15% or 20% (depending on whether the Shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts) on their net capital gain (i.e., the excess of realized net long-term capital gains over realized net short-term capital losses), including any long-term capital gain derived from an investment in the Shares. Such rate is lower than the maximum rate on ordinary income currently payable by U.S. Shareholders.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Corporate U.S. Shareholders currently are subject to U.S. federal income tax on net capital gain at the maximum 21% rate also applied to ordinary income. Non-corporate U.S. Shareholders with net capital losses for a year (i.e., capital losses in excess of capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses against their ordinary income each year. Any net capital losses of a non-corporate U.S. Shareholder in excess of $3,000 generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent years as provided in the Code. Corporate U.S. Shareholders generally may not deduct any net capital losses for a year but may carry back such losses for three years or carry forward such losses for five years.
Reporting to the IRS and to taxpayers of adjusted cost basis information is required for covered securities, which generally include Shares. Shareholders should contact their financial intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.
The Fund will send to each of its U.S. Shareholders, as promptly as possible after the end of each calendar year, a notice detailing, on a per share and per distribution basis, the amounts includible in such U.S. Shareholder’s taxable income for such year as ordinary income and as long-term capital gain. In addition, the federal tax status of each year’s distributions generally will be reported to the IRS (including the amount of dividends, if any, eligible for the preferential maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income). Dividends paid by the Fund generally will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or the preferential tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income because its income generally will not consist of dividends. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on a U.S. Shareholder’s particular situation.
Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional Shares pursuant to the DRIP. If the Shares are trading below net asset value, Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of cash that they would have received if they had elected to receive the distribution in cash. If the Fund issues additional Shares with a fair market value equal to or greater than net asset value, however, Shareholders will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of the fair market value of the distributed Shares. Any such additional Shares will have a tax basis equal to the amount treated as a distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The additional Shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the Shares are credited to the Shareholder’s account.
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The IRS currently requires that a RIC that has two or more classes of stock allocate to each class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income, capital gains and dividends qualifying for the dividends-received deduction) based upon the percentage of total dividends paid to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, if the Fund issues preferred shares, the Fund will allocate capital gain dividends and dividends qualifying for the dividends-received deduction, if any, between its Shares and shares of preferred stock in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year.
If a U.S. Shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the U.S. Shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct owners of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
The Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax (“backup withholding”) currently at a rate of 24% from all distributions to any U.S. Shareholder (other than a C corporation, a financial institution, or a Shareholder that otherwise qualifies for an exemption):
• | who fails to furnish us with a correct taxpayer identification number or a certificate that such Shareholder is exempt from backup withholding; or |
• | with respect to whom the IRS notifies us that such Shareholder has failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect. |
An individual’s taxpayer identification number is his or her social security number. Any amount withheld under backup withholding is allowed as a credit against the U.S. Shareholder’s federal income tax liability, provided that proper information is provided to the IRS. The Fund may be required to withhold a portion of any capital gain distributions to any U.S. Shareholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status.
Tax-Exempt U.S. Shareholders
A U.S. Shareholder that is a tax-exempt organization for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore generally exempt from U.S. federal income taxation may nevertheless be subject to taxation to the extent that it is considered to derive UBTI. The direct conduct by a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder of the activities that the Fund proposes to conduct could give rise to UBTI. However, a RIC is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its business activities generally will not be attributed to its shareholders for purposes of determining their treatment under current law. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation solely as a result of such Shareholder’s direct or indirect ownership of Shares and receipt of distributions with respect to such Shares (regardless of whether the Fund incurs indebtedness). Moreover, under current law, if the Fund incurs indebtedness, such indebtedness will not be attributed to a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder should not be treated as earning income from “debt-financed property” and distributions the Fund pays should not be treated as “unrelated debt-financed income” solely as a result of indebtedness that it incurs. Certain tax-exempt private universities are subject to an additional 1.4% excise tax on their “net investment income,” including income from interest, dividends, and capital gains. Proposals periodically are made to change the treatment of “blocker” investment vehicles interposed between tax-exempt investors and non-qualifying investments. In the event that any such proposals were to be adopted and applied to RICs, the treatment of dividends payable to tax-exempt investors could be adversely affected. In addition, as noted above, special rules would apply if the Fund were to invest in certain REMICs or TMPs that could result in a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder recognizing income that would be treated as UBTI.
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Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
Whether an investment in the Fund’s Shares is appropriate for a non-U.S. Shareholder will depend upon that person’s particular circumstances. An investment in the Fund’s Shares by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences.
Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers before investing in Shares.
Distributions of the Fund’s “investment company taxable income” to non-U.S. Shareholders (including interest income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized long-term capital losses, which generally would be free of withholding if paid to non-U.S. Shareholders directly) will generally be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits unless an applicable exception applies. If the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. Shareholder, the Fund will not be required to withhold federal tax if the non-U.S. Shareholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although the distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Special certification requirements apply to a non-U.S. Shareholder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers.
Certain properly reported dividends are generally exempt from withholding of U.S. federal income tax where they are paid in respect of the RIC’s (i) “qualified net interest income” (generally, U.S.-source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the RIC or the non-U.S. Shareholder are at least a 10% Shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income) or (ii) “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of net short-term capital gain over long-term capital loss for such taxable year), and certain other requirements are satisfied. No assurance can be given as to whether any of the Fund’s distributions will be eligible for this exemption from withholding of U.S. federal income tax or, if eligible, will be reported as such by the Fund. In particular, the exemption does not apply to distributions paid in respect of a RIC’s non-U.S. source interest income or dividend income. In the case of common stock held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold U.S. federal income tax even if the RIC reports the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Thus, an investment in the Shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences as compared to a direct investment in the assets in which the Fund invests.
Actual or deemed distributions of the Fund’s net capital gains to a non-U.S. Shareholder, and gains realized by a non-U.S. Shareholder upon the sale of Shares, will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. Shareholder.
The tax consequences to non-U.S. Shareholders entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty or that are individuals present in the United States for 183 days or more during a taxable year may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers with respect to the procedure for claiming the benefit of a lower treaty rate and the applicability of foreign taxes.
If the Fund distributes its net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a non-U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the Shareholder’s allocable share of the tax the Fund pays on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In order to obtain the refund, the non-U.S. Shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a U.S. federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. Shareholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a U.S. federal income tax return. For a corporate non-U.S. Shareholder, distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon the sale of Shares that are effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable treaty). Accordingly, investment in Shares may not be appropriate for a non-U.S. Shareholder.
57
If a non-U.S. Shareholder reinvests distributions in additional Shares pursuant to the DRIP, such non-U.S. Shareholder will generally be subject to the same U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences as if it had received a distribution in cash and, for this purpose, a non-U.S. Shareholder receiving a distribution in the form of additional Shares will generally be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of cash that the non-U.S. Shareholder would have received if it had elected to receive the distribution in cash. If the Fund issues additional Shares with a fair market value equal to or greater than net asset value, however, a non-U.S. Shareholder will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of the fair market value of the distributed Shares. If the distribution is subject to withholding tax as described above, only the net after-tax amount will be reinvested in additional Shares. If the distribution is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. Shareholder (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-U.S. Shareholder), and the non-U.S. Shareholder complies with the applicable certification and disclosure requirements, the full amount of the distribution generally will be reinvested in additional Shares and will nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates and in the manner applicable to U.S. persons generally. The non-U.S. Shareholder will have an adjusted tax basis in the additional Shares purchased through the DRIP equal to the total dollar amount treated as a distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The additional Shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the Shares are credited to the non-U.S. Shareholder’s account.
A non-U.S. Shareholder who is a non-resident alien individual, and who is otherwise subject to withholding of federal tax, may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax on dividends unless the non-U.S. Shareholder provides the Fund or the dividend paying agent with an IRS Form W-8BEN (or an acceptable substitute form) or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a non-U.S. Shareholder or otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding.
The Fund (or an applicable intermediary) is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.
An investment in the shares of the Fund by an individual non-U.S. Shareholder may also be subject to U.S. federal estate tax.
Non-U.S. persons should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
Other Taxes
Shareholders may be subject to state, local and non-U.S. taxes applicable to their investment in the Fund. In those states or localities, entity-level tax treatment and the treatment of distributions made to Shareholders under those jurisdictions’ tax laws may differ from the treatment under the Code. Accordingly, an investment in Shares may have tax consequences for Shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Fund’s portfolio investments. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.
Change in Tax Laws
Each prospective investor should be aware that tax laws and regulations are changing on an ongoing basis, and such laws and/or regulations may be changed with retroactive effect. Moreover, the interpretation and/or application of tax laws and regulations by certain tax authorities may not be clear, consistent or transparent. Uncertainty in the tax law may require us to accrue potential tax liabilities even in situations in which the Fund and/or Shareholders do not expect to be ultimately subject to such tax liabilities. In that regard, accounting standards and/or related tax reporting obligations may change, giving rise to additional accrual and/or other obligations.
58
Developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions could have a material effect on the tax consequences to Shareholders, and/or the Fund, and Shareholders may be required to provide certain additional information to the Fund (which may be provided to the IRS or other taxing authorities) and may be subject to other adverse consequences as a result of such change in tax laws. In the event of any such change in tax law, each Shareholder is urged to consult its own advisors.
59
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
A control person is a person who beneficially owns more than 25% of the voting securities of a company. As of February 28, 2025, no Shareholder, to the knowledge of the Fund, other than KKR, owned beneficially or of record more than 5% of the Shares.
As of February 28, 2025, the trustees and officers of the Fund as a group beneficially owned less than one percent of the Fund’s Shares.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The financial statements incorporated by reference in this Statement of Additional Information have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”), an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing therein. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. Deloitte is located at 555 Mission Street, San Francisco, California 94105.
CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT
U.S. Bank, N.A. (the “Custodian”) serves as custodian for the Fund. The Custodian holds cash, securities, and other assets of the Fund as required by the 1940 Act. The principal business address of the Custodian is 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. SS&C GIDS, Inc. acts as the Fund’s dividend paying agent, transfer agent and the registrar for the Shares. The principal address of the transfer agent and dividend paying agent is 430 W. 7th Street, Suite 219302, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.
60
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A Registration Statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the shares offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC, Washington, D.C. The prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, such as the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the shares offered hereby, reference is made to the Registration Statement. Statements contained in the prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. A copy of the Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
Notice to Non-U.S. Shareholders
The Fund and its shares are only registered in the United States. Regulations outside of the United States may restrict the sale of Fund shares to certain non-U.S. residents or subject certain Shareholder accounts to additional regulatory requirements. The Fund reserves the right, however, to sell Fund shares to certain non-U.S. investors in compliance with applicable law. If a current Shareholder in the Fund provides a non-U.S. address, this will be deemed a representation and warranty from such investor that he/she is not a U.S. resident and will continue to be a non-U.S. resident unless and until the Fund is notified of a change in the investor’s resident status. Any current Shareholder that has a resident address outside of the Unites States may be restricted from purchasing additional Fund shares.
In the course of its business, the Fund (and/or its service providers) may collect, record, store, adapt, transfer and otherwise process information by which prospective and current natural person investors may be directly or indirectly identified. The Fund shall comply with all applicable data protection regulation, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU/2016/679) (“GDPR”). For EU resident Shareholders, personal data will be generally processed to open an account, manage and administer holding(s), including further subscriptions, redemptions, transfers or conversions, or otherwise as necessary to comply with the Fund’s legal obligations under GDPR.
61
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s financial statements as of October 31, 2024, are incorporated by reference from the Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 (File No. 811-23474), as filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR on December 23, 2024, and have been audited by Deloitte.
62
APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF S&P, MOODY’S AND FITCH RATINGS
Moody’s Investors Service Inc.—A brief description of the applicable Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody’s) follows:
1. Long-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Moody’s Long-Term Rating Definitions:
Aaa: | Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk. | |
Aa: | Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. | |
A: | Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. | |
Baa: | Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess speculative characteristics. | |
Ba: | Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk. | |
B: | Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk | |
Caa: | Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk. | |
Ca: | Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. | |
C: | Obligations rated C are the lowest-rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest. | |
Note: | Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. |
Short-Term Debt Ratings
There are three rating categories for US municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levels—MIG 1 through MIG 3. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade.
MIG 1. | This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. | |
MIG 2. | This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. | |
MIG 3. | This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. | |
SG. | This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection. |
A-1
Demand Obligation Ratings
For variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), Moody’s assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to meet any purchase price payment obligation resulting from optional tenders (“on demand”) and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
For VRDOs, Moody’s typically assign a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as “NR”.
Industrial development bonds in the US where the obligor is a corporate may carry a VMIG rating that reflects Moody’s view of the relative likelihood of default and loss. In these cases, liquidity assessment is based on the liquidity of the corporate obligor.
VMIG 1. | This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections. | |
VMIG 2. | This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections. | |
VMIG 3. | This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections. | |
SG. | This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections. |
2. Short-Term Ratings
Moody’s short-term ratings apply to an individual issuer’s capacity to repay all short-term obligations rather than to specific short-term borrowing programs.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 | Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations. | |
P-2 | Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations. | |
P-3 | Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations. | |
NP | Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories. | |
Note: | Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider. |
A-2
Standard & Poor’s
A brief description of the applicable S&P Global Ratings (S&P) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:
Issue Credit Rating Definitions
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poor’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings’ analysis of the following considerations:
• | The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on a financial obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
• | The nature of and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P imputes; and |
• | The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA: | An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. | |
AA: | An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. | |
A: | An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. | |
BBB: | An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
A-3
BB, B, CCC, CC and C: | Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. | |
BB: | An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
B: | An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
CCC: | An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
CC: | An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. | |
C: | An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher. | |
D: | An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default of in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a a distressed exchange offer. | |
NR: | This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
* The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories. |
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1: | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. | |
A-2: | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. | |
A-3: | A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. |
A-4
B: | A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable as has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. | |
C: | A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
D: | A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer. |
A-5
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(s) | Not applicable | |||
(t) | (1) Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Cahill and Zlot and Mrs. Sidamon-Eristoff4 | |||
(2) Power of Attorney for Mr. Pimentel6 | ||||
(3) Power of Attorney for Ms. Perez-Berkeley7 |
1 | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on September 11, 2019. |
2 | Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on February 20, 2020. |
3 | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on June 9, 2020. |
4 | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on February 28, 2023. |
5 | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on November 21, 2023. |
6 | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on January 26, 2024. |
7 | Filed herewith. |
Item 26. Marketing Arrangements
Reference is made to the Distribution Agreement incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on February 20, 2020.
Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance or Distribution
Not applicable.
Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant
None.
Item 29. Number of Holder of Securities
As of January 31, 2025:
Title of Class | Number of Record Holders |
|||
Class I Shares |
943 | |||
Class D Shares |
2 | |||
Class T Shares |
140 | |||
Class U Shares |
2,849 | |||
Class PI Shares |
0 | |||
Class PT Shares |
1 |
Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to Article V of Registrant’s Declaration of Trust incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 811-23474 and 333-233709) filed on February 20, 2020.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to the trustees, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by the trustees, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by the trustees, officer or controlling person, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
The descriptions of KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC under the caption “Management of the Fund” in the prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of this registration statement are incorporated by reference herein. Information as to the directors and officers of KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-69633) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated herein by reference. The Adviser’s principal business address is 555 California Street, 50th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104.
Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records
The books, accounts and other documents required by Section 31(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of:
(1) | the Registrant, KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio, 555 California Street, 50th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104; |
(2) | the Adviser, KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC, 555 California Street, 50th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104; |
(3) | the Custodian, U.S. Bank, N.A., 1555 N. Rivercenter Dr., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212; and |
(4) | the Transfer Agent, SS&C GIDS, Inc., 430 W. 7th Street, Suite 219302, Kansas City, Missouri 64105. |
Item 33. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings
1. | Not applicable. |
2. | Not applicable. |
3. | The Registrant undertakes: |
a. | to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement: |
1. | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
2. | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any |
deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
3. | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; |
b. | that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; |
c. | to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering; |
d. | that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: |
1. | if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C [17 CFR 230.430C]: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
e. | that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser: |
1. | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act; |
2. | free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrants; |
3. | the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.482] relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
4. | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. |
4. | Not applicable. |
5. | Not applicable. |
6. | Not applicable. |
7. | The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for effectiveness pursuant to Rule 486(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the in the city of San Francisco, and the State of California, on the 28th day of February, 2025.
KKR CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO
(A Delaware statutory trust) | ||
By: | /s/ Rudy Pimentel | |
Rudy Pimentel | ||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Rudy Pimentel Rudy Pimentel |
President and Trustee | February 28, 2025 | ||
/s/ Jeffrey L. Zlot* Jeffrey L. Zlot |
Trustee | February 28, 2025 | ||
/s/ Michael E. Cahill* Michael E. Cahill |
Trustee | February 28, 2025 | ||
/s/ Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff* Catherine Sidamon-Eristoff |
Trustee | February 28, 2025 | ||
/s/ Lourdes Perez-Berkeley* Lourdes Perez-Berkeley |
Trustee | February 28, 2025 | ||
/s/ Thomas Murphy Thomas Murphy |
Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | February 28, 2025 |
* By: | /s/ Lori Hoffman | |
Lori Hoffman Pursuant to power of attorney |
EXHIBIT INDEX
(2)(k)(1) |
Transfer Agent Services Agreement between the Registrant and SS&C GIDS, Inc. | |
(2)(k)(4) |
Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement | |
(2)(l) |
Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP | |
(2)(n) |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP | |
(2)(t)(3) |
Power of Attorney for Ms. Perez-Berkeley |
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Services Agreement
This Services Agreement (the Agreement) is entered into and effective as of April 8, 2024 (the Effective Date) by and between:
1. |
SS&C GIDS, Inc, as successor in interest to DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., a corporation organized in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (referred to herein as SS&C or the Transfer Agent), and |
2. |
KKR CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO, a statutory trust organized in the state of Delaware (the Company). |
The Company and SS&C each may be referred to individually as a Party or collectively as Parties.
1. |
Definitions; Interpretation |
1.1. |
As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings: |
(a) |
1934 Act mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
(b) |
Action means any civil, criminal, regulatory or administrative lawsuit, allegation, demand, claim, counterclaim, action, dispute, sanction, suit, request, inquiry, investigation, arbitration or proceeding, in each case, made, asserted, commenced or threatened by any Person (including any Government Authority). |
(c) |
Affiliate means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that is controlled by, controls, or is under common control with such Person and control of a Person means: (i) ownership of, or possession of the right to vote, more than 25% of the outstanding voting equity of that Person or (ii) the right to control the appointment of the board of directors or analogous governing body, management or executive officers of that Person. |
(d) |
Business Day means a day other than a Saturday or Sunday on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for business. |
(e) |
Claim means any Action arising out of the subject matter of, or in any way related to, this Agreement, its formation or the Services. |
(f) |
Company Data means all information with respect to the Companys business, financials, and customers, and Market Data provided by the Company and all output and derivatives thereof, necessary to enable SS&C to perform the Services, but excluding SS&C Property. |
(g) |
Confidential Information means any information about the Company or SS&C, including this Agreement, and any third party information that either Party is required to keep confidential under applicable federal or state privacy laws including nonpublic personal information under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and all personal information as defined in the Massachusetts Standards for the Protection of Personal Information, except for information that (i) is or becomes part of the public domain without breach of this Agreement by the receiving Party, (ii) was rightfully acquired from a third party, or is developed independently, by the receiving Party, or (iii) is generally known by Persons in the technology, securities, or financial services industries. |
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(h) |
Data Protection Laws shall mean all applicable law and regulation relating to the privacy, confidentiality, or security of Personal Data , including the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, Cal. Civil Code § 1798.100 et seq., as amended, and its implementing regulations (CCPA), the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 as implemented and supplemented in each European Economic Area member state, as applicable (GDPR), and the UK version of the GDPR which is part of UK law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as supplemented by the Data Protection Act 2018 (UK GDPR), insofar as they apply, each as may be amended, updated or replaced from time to time. |
(i) |
Data Supplier means a third party supplier of Market Data. |
(j) |
SS&C Associates means SS&C and each of its Affiliates, members, shareholders, directors, officers, partners, employees, agents, successors or assigns. |
(k) |
SS&C Property means all hardware, software, source code, data, report designs, spreadsheet formulas, information gathering or reporting techniques, know-how, technology and all other property commonly referred to as intellectual property used by SS&C in connection with its performance of the Services. |
(l) |
Governing Documents means the constitutional documents of an entity. |
(m) |
Government Authority means any relevant administrative, judicial, executive, legislative or other governmental or intergovernmental entity, department, agency, commission, board, bureau or court, and any other regulatory or self-regulatory organizations, in any country or jurisdiction. |
(n) |
Law means statutes, rules, regulations, interpretations and orders of any Government Authority that are applicable to the party upon which compliance with such Law is being required or to its business. |
(o) |
Losses means any and all compensatory, direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, enhanced or other damages, settlement payments, attorneys fees, costs, damages, charges, expenses, interest, applicable taxes or other losses of any kind. |
(p) |
Market Data means any third party market and reference data. |
(q) |
Person means any natural person or corporate or unincorporated entity or organization and that persons personal representatives, successors and permitted assigns. |
(r) |
Personal Data means any information (i) relating to an identified or identifiable individual, or (ii) that is defined as personal data, personal information or nonpublic personal information under Data Protection Laws. |
(s) |
Services means the services listed in Schedule A, as may be amended, or under such other service Schedules, which may be added to this Agreement by the Parties from time to time. |
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(t) |
Standard Contractual Clauses or SCCs shall mean the standard contractual clauses approved by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/914 of 4 June 2021 (as may be amended or updated from time to time). |
(u) |
Third Party Claim means a Claim (i) brought by any Person other than the indemnifying Party or (ii) brought by a Party on behalf of or that could otherwise be asserted by a third party. |
(v) |
UK Addendum shall mean template addendum B.1.0 issued by the UK Information Commissioners Office (ICO) in accordance with section 119(A) of the Data Protection Act 2018 (as may be amended or updated from time to time). |
1.2. Other capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not defined in this Section 1 shall have the meanings ascribed thereto.
1.3. Section and Schedule headings shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement. This Agreement includes the schedules and appendices hereto. In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and a schedule or appendix, the former shall control, except to the extent that such schedule or appendix expressly provides otherwise as to the services under such schedule or appendix.
1.4. Words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular. The words including, includes, included and include, when used, are deemed to be followed by the words without limitation. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words hereof, herein and hereunder and words of analogous import shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement.
1.5. The Parties duties and obligations are governed by and limited to the express terms and conditions of this Agreement, and shall not be modified, supplemented, amended or interpreted in accordance with, any industry custom or practice, or any internal policies or procedures of any Party that are not referenced in this Agreement or the applicable Schedule. The Parties have mutually negotiated the terms hereof and there shall be no presumption of law relating to the interpretation of contracts against the drafter.
2. |
Services and Fees |
2.1. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, SS&C will perform for the Company the Services set forth in Schedule A and such other service schedules as may be added to this Agreement by the Parties (collectively, the Service Schedules). SS&C shall be under no duty or obligation to perform any service except as specifically listed in the Service Schedules, or take any other action except as specifically listed in a Service Schedules to this Agreement, or this Agreement, and no other duties or obligations, including, valuation related, fiduciary or analogous duties or obligations, shall be implied. Any request by the Company to change the Services, including those necessitated by a change to the Governing Documents of the Company or a change in applicable Law, will only be binding on SS&C once such change is reflected in an amendment to the Service Schedules. For clarification, this will include costs related changes to the software, systems or processes used by SS&C to provide the Services necessitated by change in applicable Law; provided in such case the Company will only be responsible for its pro-rata share of such cost.
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2.2. In carrying out its duties and obligations pursuant to this Agreement, some or all Services may be delegated by SS&C to one or more of its Affiliates or other Persons (and any Company consent to such delegation, if any, shall not be unreasonably revoked or withheld in respect of any such delegations), provided that such Persons are selected in good faith and with reasonable care, are duly registered as may be required under all applicable Laws to perform the Services delegated, have the facilities and staff to perform the Services delegated and are monitored by SS&C. If SS&C delegates any Services, (i) such delegation shall not relieve SS&C of its duties and obligations hereunder, (ii) such delegation shall be subject to a written agreement obliging the delegate to comply with the relevant delegated duties and obligations of SS&C under this Agreement and applicable Law, and (iii) if required by applicable Law, SS&C will identify such agents and the Services delegated and will update the Company when making any material changes in sufficient detail to enable the Company to object to a particular arrangement.
2.3. The Company agrees to pay, the fees, charges and expenses in accordance with, and in the manner set forth in, the fee letter (Fee Letter), which may be amended by mutual written agreement of the Parties from time to time, within thirty (30) days following the receipt of SS&Cs monthly invoice, except for any fees or expenses that are subject to good faith dispute. Each Fee Letter is incorporated by reference into this Agreement and subject to the terms of this Agreement.
2.4. Charges attendant to the development of reasonable changes to the TA2000 System requested by the Company (Client Requested Software) shall be at SS&Cs standard rates and fees in effect at the time and shall be documented by the Parties in a written statement of work under this Agreement. SS&C will provide the Company with its standard rates and fees for the development of Client Requested Software on at least an annual basis, and will notify the Company promptly of any changes thereto. If the cost to SS&C of operating the TA2000 System is increased by the addition of Client Requested Software, SS&C shall be entitled to increase its fees by an amount to be mutually agreed upon.
2.5. The Company may request a material modification of the Services provided under this Agreement by providing SS&C with a written request outlining the scope of such requested changes. SS&C will respond to such notice as promptly as possible, but no more than 30 days after the request is made, by providing the Company with (a) an estimate of the project cost and timeframe for completion, or (b) a written explanation of why SS&C cannot implement the requested service change (Change Notice Response). In the event the Company and/or SS&C believe that a change in law, regulation, rule, industry practice or other requirement necessitates a material system or service modification, the parties will discuss the potential change and SS&C may communicate with other similarly situated SS&C clients and/or industry groups to determine a commercially reasonable option for addressing such change. Any change requested or agreed upon by the Parties under this Section shall not be effective, and SS&C shall not be obligated to implement, until reflected in a written amendment to, or statement of work under, this Agreement mutually agreed upon and executed by both parties.
3. |
Company Responsibilities |
3.1. The management and control of the Company are vested exclusively in the Companys governing body (e.g., the board of trustees for a fund) and its officers, subject to the terms and provisions of the Companys Governing Documents. The Companys governing body will make all decisions, perform all management functions relating to the operation of the Company and the Companys governing body or its duly appointed officers shall authorize all Transactions, and the Companys governing body may delegate authority to an executive committee or the Companys manager. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company shall:
(a) Designate properly qualified individuals to oversee the Services and establish and maintain internal controls, including monitoring the ongoing activities of the Company.
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(b) Evaluate the accuracy, and accept responsibility for the results, of the Services, review and approve all reports, analyses and records resulting from the Services and inform SS&C of any errors that it is in a position to identify.
(c) Provide SS&C with timely and accurate information required by SS&C in order to perform the Services and its duties and obligations hereunder.
3.2 The Company is solely and exclusively responsible for ensuring that it complies with Law and its respective Governing Documents. It is the Companys responsibility to provide all final Company Governing Documents as of the Effective Date. The Company will notify SS&C in writing of any changes to the Company Governing Documents that may materially impact the Services prior to such changes taking effect. SS&C is not responsible for monitoring compliance by the Company with (i) Law, or (ii) its respective Governing Documents.
3.3 In the event that Market Data is supplied to or through SS&C Associates in connection with the Services, the Market Data is proprietary to Data Suppliers and is provided on a limited internal-use license basis. Market Data may: (i) only be used by the Company in connection with the Services and (ii) not be disseminated by the Company or used to populate internal systems in lieu of obtaining a data license. Access to and delivery of Market Data is dependent on the Data Suppliers and may be interrupted or discontinued with or without notice. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither SS&C nor any Data Supplier shall be liable to the Company or any other Person for any Losses with respect to Market Data, reliance by SS&C Associates or the Company on Market Data or the provision of Market Data in connection with this Agreement.
3.4 The Company shall deliver, and instruct its agents, counsel, advisors, auditors, and any other Persons promptly deliver to SS&C all Company Data. The Company shall arrange with each such Person to deliver such information and materials on a timely basis, and SS&C will not be required to enter any agreements with that Person in order for SS&C to obtain information reasonably necessary to provide the Services. 3.5 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, so long as they act in good faith SS&C Associates shall be entitled to reasonably rely on the authenticity, completeness and accuracy of any and all information and communications of whatever nature received by SS&C Associates from the Company, its employees, Affiliates or agents in connection with the performance of the Services and SS&Cs duties and obligations hereunder, without further enquiry or liability.
4. |
Term |
4.1. The initial term of this Agreement will be from the Effective Date through December 31, 2024 (Initial Term). Thereafter, this Agreement will automatically renew for successive terms of 2 years each unless either SS&C or the Company provides the other with a written notice of termination at least 120 calendar days prior to the commencement of any successive term (such periods, in the aggregate, the Term).
5. |
Termination |
5.1. SS&C or the Company also may, by written notice to the other, terminate this Agreement if any of the following events occur:
(a) The Company may terminate this Agreement for convenience by providing SS&C at least 60 days prior written notice and paying to SS&C the early termination fee set forth in Section 5.3.
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(b) The other Party breaches any material term, condition or provision of this Agreement, which breach, if capable of being cured, is not cured within 90 calendar days after the nonbreaching Party gives the other Party written notice of such breach.
(c) The other Party (i) terminates or suspends its business, (ii) becomes insolvent, admits in writing its inability to pay its debts as they mature, makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or becomes subject to direct control of a trustee, receiver or analogous authority, (iii) becomes subject to any bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous proceeding, (iv) becomes subject to a material Action or an Action that the Party not subject to the Action reasonably determines could cause it reputational harm, or (v) where the other Party is the Company, material changes in the Companys Governing Documents or the assumptions set forth in the Fee Letter are determined by SS&C, in its reasonable discretion, to materially affect the Services or to be materially adverse to SS&C.
With respect to subsections (b) and (c), if any such event occurs, the termination will become effective immediately or on the date stated in the written notice of termination, which date shall not be greater than 90 calendar days after the event.
5.2 Upon receipt of a termination notice from the Company, subject to the receipt by SS&C of all then due fees, charges and expenses, SS&C shall continue to provide the Services up to the effective date of the termination notice; thereafter, SS&C shall have no obligation to perform any services of any type unless and to the extent set forth in an amendment to this Agreement executed by both parties. In the event of the termination of this Agreement by either party, SS&C shall provide reasonable exit assistance to the Company in converting the Companys records from SS&Cs systems to whatever services or systems are designated by the Company (the Deconversion); provided that all fees, charges and expenses have been paid, including any fees required under Section 5.3 for the balance of the unexpired portion of the Term. The Deconversion is subject to the recompense of SS&C for such assistance at its standard rates and fees in effect at the time and to a reasonable time frame for performance as agreed to by the parties. As used herein reasonable exit assistance shall not include requiring SS&C (i) to assist any new service or system provider to modify, to alter, to enhance, or to improve such providers system, or to provide any new functionality to such providers system, (ii) to disclose any protected information of SS&C, including the proprietary information of SS&C or its affiliates, or (iii) to develop Deconversion software, to modify any of SS&Cs software, or to otherwise alter the format of the data as maintained on any providers systems.
5.3 If the Company elects to terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the Initial Term pursuant to Section 5.1(a), the Company agrees to pay an early termination fee in an amount equal to the average monthly fee paid by the Company to SS&C under the Agreement multiplied by six (6) months. The terms of this Agreement, including the Companys payment of all applicable fees, charges and expenses, shall continue to apply to all Services performed by SS&C for the Company after the notice of termination of this Agreement until all records of the Company have been transferred to a new transfer agent. In the event that the Company wishes to retain SS&C to perform additional transition or related post-termination services, including providing additional data and reports, the Company and SS&C shall agree in writing to the additional services and related fees and expenses in an amendment to this Agreement. To the extent any services are performed by SS&C for the Company after the termination of this Agreement, all of the provisions of this Agreement except portions that are inapplicable to such continuing services shall survive the termination of this Agreement for so long as those services are performed. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect: (i) any liabilities or obligations of any Party arising before such termination (including payment of fees and expenses) or (ii) any damages or other remedies to which a Party may be entitled for breach of this Agreement or otherwise. Sections 2.3 (with respect to earned but unpaid fees through the termination of this Agreement), 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of this Agreement shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
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6. |
Standard of Care, Limitation of Liability and Indemnification |
6.1. SS&C shall provide the Services in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, applicable provisions of Section 17A under the 1934 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to SS&Cs acting as a transfer agent.
6.2. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary SS&C Associates shall not be liable to the Company for any action or inaction of any SS&C Associate except to the extent of Losses suffered, incurred or paid by the Company that are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted primarily from the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of SS&C or SS&C Associates in the performance of SS&Cs duties or obligations under this Agreement. The Company shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless SS&C Associates from and against Losses (including legal fees and costs to enforce this provision) that SS&C Associates suffer, incur, or pay as a result of any Third Party Claim or Claim among the Parties; except to the extent of Losses determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of SS&C Associates in the performance of SS&Cs duties or obligations under this Agreement. Any expenses (including legal fees and costs) incurred by an indemnified party under this Section in defending or responding to any Claims (or in enforcing this provision) shall be paid by the indemnifying party on a quarterly basis prior to the final disposition of such matter upon receipt by the indemnifying party of an undertaking by the indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified.
6.3. Under no circumstances shall either party be liable to the other party for Losses that are indirect, special, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary or enhanced or that represent lost profits, opportunity costs or diminution of value. The Company acknowledges and agrees that SS&Cs out-of-pocket expenses and any judgments awarded against and payable to SS&C resulting from claims for which SS&C is entitled to indemnification by the Company under Section 6 shall be deemed direct damages.
7. |
Representations and Warranties |
7.1. |
Each Party represents and warrants to each other Party that: |
(a) It is a legal entity duly created, validly existing and in good standing under the Law of the jurisdiction in which it is created, and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction where the failure to be in good standing would have a material adverse effect on its business or its ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement.
(b) Subject to Section 3.3 with respect to licenses from a Data Supplier, which may be terminated at any time, it has all necessary legal power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and to carry on its business as presently conducted and as it will be conducted pursuant to this Agreement and will comply in all material respects with all Law to which it may be subject, and to the best of its knowledge and belief, it is not subject to any Action that would prevent it from performing its duties and obligations under this Agreement.
(c) It has all necessary legal power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the execution of which has been duly authorized and will not violate the terms of any other agreement.
(d) The Person signing on its behalf has the authority to contractually bind it to the terms and conditions in this Agreement and that this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of it, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.
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8. |
Company Data |
8.1. The Company (i) will provide or ensure that other Persons provide all Company Data to SS&C in an electronic format that is acceptable to SS&C (or as otherwise agreed in writing) and (ii) confirm that each has the right to so share such Company Data. As between SS&C and the Company, all Company Data shall remain the property of the Company. Company Data shall not be used or disclosed by SS&C other than in connection with providing the Services and as permitted under Section 11. SS&C shall be permitted to act upon instructions from an authorized officer of the Company with respect to the disclosure or disposition of Company Data, but may refuse to act upon such instructions where it doubts, in good faith, the authenticity or authority of such instructions.
8.2. To the extent required by Section 31 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), SS&C agrees that all such records prepared or maintained by SS&C relating to the services to be performed by SS&C hereunder are the property of the Company and will be preserved, maintained and made available in accordance with the 1940 Act, and will be surrendered promptly to the Company on and in accordance with its request. SS&C shall maintain and store material Company Data used in the official books and records of the Company for a rolling period of 7 years starting from the Effective Date, or such longer period as required by applicable Law or its internal policies or until such earlier time as it returns such records to the Company or the Companys designee.
9. |
Data Protection |
9.1. From time to time and in connection with the Services, SS&C may obtain access to certain Personal Data relating to the Company and its Affiliates, trustees, officers, employees, agents, current and prospective Company shareholders, plan sponsors and plan participants. Company and SS&C shall each comply with all applicable Data Protection Laws, including but not limited to the GDPR, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-P (17 CFR Part 248) promulgated thereunder. The terms Controller, Data Subject, Process (and its derivatives), Processor, and Personal Data Breach have the meaning given to them in the GDPR. The parties acknowledge that for the purpose of the Data Protection Laws, the Company is the Controller and SS&C is the Processor acting on behalf of the Company in respect of any Processing by SS&C of Personal Data pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement (Company Personal Data). The subject matter, duration, nature, purpose, type of Personal Data and categories of Data Subjects in respect of the Processing of Company Personal Data are set out in Appendix 3. To the extent that SS&C Processes the Company Personal Data as Processor, SS&C shall:
(a) |
comply with its applicable obligations as a Processor, including those requirements set out in the GDPR in Articles 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, and implement and maintain appropriate technical and organizational measures in relation to the Processing of Company Personal Data designed to ensure the security of any Processing of Company Personal Data, taking into account the state of the art, the costs of implementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes of Processing as well as the risk of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons; |
(b) |
not disclose or use any Company Personal Data except in accordance with the documented lawful instructions of Company and to carry out SS&Cs obligations under and in accordance with the Agreement, except where otherwise required by applicable laws, in which case SS&C shall promptly notify Company of such requirement unless prohibited by such laws; |
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(c) |
notify Company without undue delay (and in any case within seventy-two (72) hours) after becoming aware of a Personal Data Breach affecting Company Personal Data and provide reasonable assistance to Company in any notification of that Personal Data Breach to the relevant supervisory authority and/or Data Subjects, in line with Articles 33 and 34 of the GDPR, in each case taking into account the nature of the Processing and the information available to SS&C. For the avoidance of doubt, Company is responsible for making notifications related to a Personal Data Breach that Company is required to make by applicable Data Protection Law; |
(d) |
provide reasonable assistance to Company (i) to enable Company to respond to requests from Data Subjects in relation to the exercise of a Data Subjects rights under Data Protection Laws, and (ii) in the performance of a data protection impact assessment and any consultation with a supervisory authority in respect of the same; |
(e) |
only grant access to Company Personal Data to: (i) persons who require access to the Company Personal Data to enable SS&C to perform its obligations under the Agreement; or (ii) subprocessors, which SS&C has general authorization to engage subject to SS&C ensuring that such engagement is subject to a written agreement obliging the subprocessor to comply with the applicable Data Protection Laws and the obligations set out in in this section 9.1, and SS&C identifying such subprocessors and updating the Company upon request when making any changes in sufficient detail to provide transparency and to enable Company to object to a particular arrangement. SS&C shall be responsible for the acts and omissions of any subprocessor. In each of the foregoing cases, SS&C shall ensure that any such persons authorized to process the Personal Data are subject to a duty of confidence in respect of the Company Personal Data; |
(f) |
not make a transfer of Company Personal Data that would be prohibited by Data Protection Laws or SS&Cs obligations under the SCCs and/or UK Addendum, as applicable, unless it has fulfilled the conditions required to ensure that such transfer complies with Data Protection Laws and SS&Cs obligations under the SCCs and/or UK Addendum, as applicable; |
(g) |
at the request of the Company and upon reasonable notice and access arrangements agreed in writing with the Company: (i) make available to the Company all information necessary to demonstrate SS&Cs compliance with the obligations laid down in this Section 9 and (ii) allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by Company or a designated auditor and/or any Government Authority in each case taking into account the nature of processing and the information available to SS&C; |
(h) |
on termination of this Agreement or as otherwise instructed by the Company, erase or return (on the Companys election) Company Personal Data (including all existing copies thereof) to the Company, and as instructed by the Company, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and provide the Company with written confirmation of any such erasure, provided that SS&C may retain Company Personal Data as required by applicable law subject to the confidentiality obligations set forth in this Agreement; and |
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(i) |
promptly notify the Company and provide reasonable assistance, where it becomes aware of any Data Subject complaint in relation to the handling of Company Personal Data, or any communication by a relevant supervisory authority in relation to Company Personal Data (unless prohibited from making such notification under any applicable law or by any Governmental Authority). |
9.2. The Company agrees that its privacy policies shall inform relevant Data Subjects of the Processing of their Company Personal Data to be undertaken by SS&C pursuant to this Agreement to the extent required by Data Protection Laws applicable to the Company, including, where relevant, the Processing of their Company Personal Data outside of their jurisdiction, in each case to the extent that SS&C provides information about such Processing to Company. Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any legally-required consents for GDPR compliance purposes.
9.3 California Privacy Legislation. For the purposes of this Section 9.3, the following terms shall have the following respective meanings:
Personal Information means personal information within the meaning of CCPA which is received or collected by SS&C from, or on behalf of, Company in connection with performing its obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
Business, Business Purpose, Consumer, Sell, Service Provider Share and Verifiable Consumer Request have the meaning given in Section 1798.140 of CCPA.
To the extent CCPA applies to Company as Business and SS&C as Service Provider in the receipt and/or provision of the Services, SS&C and Company hereby agree the following:
(a) |
SS&C, as a Service Provider, shall not: |
(i) |
Sell or Share Personal Information; |
(ii) |
retain, use or disclose any Personal Information for any purpose other than: |
1. |
the limited and specified Business Purposes of providing the Services or performing its obligations under this Agreement; or |
2. |
in accordance with Companys lawful instructions; or |
3. |
outside of the direct business relationship between SS&C and Company; or |
4. |
as otherwise permitted pursuant to CCPA, including the purposes described in Section 1798.145, subdivisions (a)(1) to (a)(4) of CCPA; |
(iii) |
except as otherwise permitted by Section 1798.140, subdivision (ag)(1)(D) of the CCPA, combine Personal Information with personal information received from or on behalf of another person, or collected from SS&Cs own interactions with individuals. |
(b) |
SS&C shall comply with its own applicable obligations as Service Provider under CCPA and provide the same level of privacy protection as is required by CCPA. |
(c) |
SS&C shall notify Company on a timely basis if at any time SS&C makes a determination that it can no longer meet its obligations under CCPA. |
(d) |
The Parties agree that Company may take reasonable and appropriate steps to ensure that SS&C uses Personal Information in a manner consistent with Companys obligations under CCPA and, upon written notice to SS&C stop and remediate the unauthorized use of Personal Information. |
(e) |
SS&C shall provide Company with reasonable assistance in Companys obligations |
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to respond to Verifiable Consumers Requests in connection with a request for information or deletion by such Consumer pursuant to CCPA, including Section 1798.105(c) of CCPA, and at Companys written direction, SS&C shall delete, or enable Company to delete such Personal Information, in each case taking into account the nature of the processing and the information available to SS&C, provided that SS&C shall not be required to comply with a Consumers request to delete the Consumers Personal Information if it is reasonably necessary for the business of the Service Provider to maintain the Consumers Personal Information in accordance with CCPA, including the purposes described in Section 1798.105. |
(f) |
Company agrees that it shall comply at all times with its own applicable obligations as a Business under CCPA. To the extent required by CCPA, all relevant Consumers for whom SS&C will process Personal Information on Companys behalf as contemplated by this Agreement will be informed of such processing. |
9.4 Without prejudice to SS&Cs obligations under Sections 9.1 to 9.3, SS&C will promptly investigate material incidents of unauthorized disclosure of, access to or loss of Company data, including Company Personal Data maintained by SS&C or its subprocessors (a Data Breach). SS&C will notify the Company without undue delay, and in no event more than seventy-two (72) hours after becoming aware of a Data Breach. Upon becoming aware of a relevant Data Breach, the Company shall be responsible for making notifications related to a Data Breach that the Company is required to make by applicable law and SS&C will work with the Company in good faith to allow the Company to make any notifications required by applicable law. SS&C will reasonably cooperate with the Company in the event of any Government Authority inquiry related to or arising out of a Data Breach.
SS&C shall maintain formal processes reasonably designed and implemented to detect, identify, report, respond to, mitigate, and remediate a Data Breach in a timely manner. To the extent applicable, SS&C will mitigate or remediate any Data Breach in accordance with reasonable internal security policies and procedures. SS&C will cooperate with the Company and provide regular updates on its investigation and any corrective actions taken in relation to a Data Breach.
9.5 As part of SS&Cs security assessment, SS&C will: (i) conduct periodic vulnerability scans (scoped using its risk assessment program) on externally-facing applications that may receive, access, process or store Company Confidential Information at SS&Cs expense; (ii) evaluate the results of the vulnerability scans and mitigate or remediate security exposures deemed material by SS&Cs personnel as reasonably appropriate, taking into account facts and circumstances surrounding such issues; and (iii) mitigate or remediate security exposures discovered and deemed material by SS&Cs personnel within a reasonably appropriate time period in accordance with its internal security policies and procedures. In addition, SS&C will at least once per year, engage an independent external party to perform penetration testing on its externally-facing systems that may receive, access, process or store Company Confidential Information, and will provide Company with a letter confirming the testing has been performed (the Vulnerability Confirmation Letter). Company is not permitted to conduct penetration testing or other code scanning on SS&Cs environment and software.
9.6 At the request of the Company, on an annual basis and subject to a written disclaimer and indemnity, SS&C will provide the Company with a copy of its reports prepared under Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements No.18., Service Organization Controls 1 (SOC1), as applicable to the Services and SS&Cs data processing environment. Upon the Companys written request, SS&C will meet with Company to discuss the reports and respond to Companys inquiries with respect thereto.
9.7 To the extent that Company Personal Data Processed subject to the GDPR is transferred from Company to SS&C, the Company and SS&C hereby enter into Module Two of the SCCs with details as follows:
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(a) |
Clause 7, the optional docking clause, applies; |
(b) |
in Clause 9(a) of Module Two, Option 2 applies, and the period for prior notice of sub-processor changes is 60 days; |
(c) |
in Clause 11(a), the optional language does not apply; |
(d) |
in Clause 17, the Parties agree that the governing law shall be that of the Republic of Ireland; |
(e) |
in Clause 18, the Parties agree that disputes will be resolved before the courts in Dublin, Republic of Ireland; |
(f) |
the Parties are deemed to have signed the SCCs with effect from the date of this Agreement; |
(g) |
in Annex I, the competent supervisory authority is the Irish Data Protection Commission |
(h) |
the remainder of Annex I and Annex III are deemed completed with the information from this Agreement and Appendix 3 hereto; |
(i) |
Annex II is deemed completed with the information from Appendix 3 hereto. |
9.8 To the extent that Company Personal Data Processed subject to the UK GDPR is transferred from Company to SS&C, the Company and SS&C hereby enter into the UK Addendum, which is subject to Section 9.7(a) to 9.7(i) above, as amended pursuant to the UK Addendum, and whereby either Party may end the UK Addendum as set out in Section 19 of the UK Addendum.
9.9 The Company acknowledges that SS&C intends to develop and offer analytics-based products and services for its customers. In providing such products and services, SS&C will be using consolidated data across all clients, including data of the Company, and make such consolidated data available to clients of the analytics products and services. In providing such products and services, SS&C represents that it will not cause the Company to violate the GLBA. The Company hereby consents to the use by SS&C of Company Confidential Information (including anonymized shareholder information) in the offering of such products and services, and to disclose the results of such analytics services to its customers and other third parties, provided the information will be aggregated, anonymized and sometimes enriched with external data sources. The Company reserves the right to revoke its consent at any time during the Term. SS&C will not disclose shareholder names or other Personal Data, or information specific to or identifying the Company or any information in a form or manner which could reasonably be utilized to readily determine the identity of the Company or its shareholders.
10. |
SS&C Property |
10.1 SS&C Property is and shall remain the property of SS&C or, when applicable, its Affiliates or suppliers. Neither the Company nor any other Person shall acquire any license or right to use, sell, disclose, or otherwise exploit or benefit in any manner from, any SS&C Property, except as specifically set forth herein. The Company shall not (unless required by Law) either before or after the termination of this Agreement, disclose to any Person not authorized by SS&C to receive the same, any information concerning the SS&C Property and shall use reasonable efforts to prevent any such disclosure.
11. |
Confidentiality |
11.1 Each Party shall not at any time disclose to any Person any Confidential Information concerning the business, affairs, customers, clients or suppliers of the other Party or its Affiliates, except as permitted by this Section 11.
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11.2 |
Each Party may disclose the other Partys Confidential Information: |
(a) In the case of the Company, to each of its Affiliates, trustees, officers, employees and agents (Company Representative) who need to know such information for the purpose of carrying out its duties under, or receiving the benefits of or enforcing, this Agreement. The Company shall ensure compliance by Company Representatives with Section 11.1.
(b) In the case of SS&C, to each SS&C Associate who needs to know such information for the purpose of carrying out SS&Cs duties under or enforcing this Agreement. SS&C shall ensure compliance by SS&C Associates, and any Affiliate or Person to whom SS&C has delegated its responsibilities pursuant to Section 2.2 of the Agreement, with this Section 11.
(c) As may be required by Law or pursuant to legal process; provided that the disclosing Party (i) where reasonably practicable and to the extent legally permissible, provides the other Party with prompt written notice of the required disclosure so that the other Party may seek a protective order or take other analogous action, (ii) discloses no more of the other Partys Confidential Information than reasonably necessary and (iii) reasonably cooperates with actions of the other Party in seeking to protect its Confidential Information at that other Partys expense.
11.3 Other than pursuant to Section 9.3, neither Party shall use the other Partys Confidential Information for any purpose other than to perform its obligations under this Agreement. Each Party may retain a record of the other Partys Confidential Information for the longer of (i) 7 years or (ii) as required by Law or its internal policies.
11.4 SS&Cs ultimate parent company is subject to U.S. federal and state securities Law and may make disclosures as it deems necessary to comply with such Law. SS&C shall have no obligation to use Confidential Information of, or data obtained with respect to, any other client of SS&C in connection with the Services. The Company and its manager are subject to U.S. federal and state securities Law and may make disclosures as either deems necessary to comply with such Law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and the manager may not include in its disclosures SS&Cs proprietary fees or fee schedule, without SS&Cs express written consent.
11.5 Upon the prior written consent of an authorized officer of the Company, SS&C shall have the right to identify the Company in connection with its marketing-related activities and in its marketing materials as a client of SS&C. Upon the prior written consent of SS&C, the Company shall have the right to identify SS&C and to describe the Services and the material terms of this Agreement in the offering documents and regulatory filings of the Company and may file a copy of this Agreement with the SEC to the extent required by applicable Law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not disclose in any offering documents or regulatory filings nor file with the SEC, SS&Cs proprietary fee schedule that is attached to this Agreement. This Agreement shall not prohibit SS&C from using any Company Data in tracking and reporting on SS&Cs clients generally or making public statements about such subjects as its business or industry; provided that the Company is not named in such public statements without its prior written consent. The Company shall not, in any communications with any Person, whether oral or written, make any representations stating or implying that SS&C is acting as a fiduciary, investment advisor, tax preparer or advisor, or custodian with respect to the Company or any of its respective assets, investors or customers.
11.6 In the event the Company obtains information from SS&C or the TA2000 System which is not intended for the Company, the Company agrees to (i) immediately, and in no case more than twenty-four (24) hours after discovery thereof, notify SS&C that unauthorized information has been made available to the Company; (ii) not knowingly review, disclose, release, or in any way, use such unauthorized
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information; (iii) provide SS&C reasonable assistance in retrieving such unauthorized information and/or destroy such unauthorized information; and (iv) deliver to SS&C a certificate executed by an authorized officer of the Company certifying that all such unauthorized information in the Companys possession or control has been delivered to SS&C or destroyed as required by this provision.
11.7 SS&C will notify the Company without undue delay after becoming aware of a confirmed breach of Confidential Information and provide reasonable assistance to the Company in its notification of that breach to the relevant supervisory authority, and those individual impacted, in each case to the extent required by applicable Law. In the event of a breach of Confidential Information arising out of SS&Cs gross negligence or willful misconduct, SS&C will provide mutually agreed upon notices to affected Company shareholders and offer credit monitoring or other similar services for a one-year period to such Company shareholders, subject to the limitations of liability under Section 6 of this Agreement.
12. |
Notices |
12.1 Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices required or permitted under this Agreement or required by Law shall be effective only if in writing and delivered: (i) personally, (ii) by registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, (iii) by receipted prepaid courier, (iv) by any confirmed facsimile or (v) by any electronic mail, to the relevant address or number listed below (or to such other address or number as a Party shall hereafter provide by notice to the other Parties). Notices shall be deemed effective when received by the Party to whom notice is required to be given.
If to SS&C:
SS&C GIDS, Inc.
1055 Broadway
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
Attention: Legal Department
If to the Company:
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio
30 Hudson Yards,
New York, NY 10001
Attention: Compliance
13. |
Miscellaneous |
13.1 Amendment; Modification. This Agreement may not be amended or modified except in writing signed by an authorized representative of each Party. No SS&C Associate has authority to bind SS&C in any way to any oral covenant, promise, representation or warranty concerning this Agreement, the Services or otherwise.
13.2 Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor any rights under this Agreement may be assigned or otherwise transferred by a Party in whole or in part, whether directly or by operation of Law, without the prior written consent of the other Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, SS&C may assign or otherwise transfer this Agreement: (i) to a successor in the event of a change in control of SS&C, (ii) to an Affiliate of SS&C or (iii) in connection with an assignment or other transfer of a material part of SS&Cs business,
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upon prior written notice to the Company. Any attempted delegation, transfer or assignment prohibited by this Agreement shall be null and void.
13.3 Choice of Law; Choice of Forum. This Agreement shall be interpreted in accordance with and governed by the Law of the State of New York. The courts of the State of New York and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any Claim. Each Party submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts and waives to the fullest extent permitted by Law all rights to a trial by jury.
13.4 Counterparts; Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed will be deemed to be an original. Such counterparts together will constitute one agreement. Signatures may be exchanged via facsimile or electronic mail and shall be binding to the same extent as if original signatures were exchanged.
13.5 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including any schedules, attachments, amendments and addenda hereto) contains the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all previous communications, representations, understandings and agreements, either oral or written, between the Parties with respect thereto. This Agreement sets out the entire liability of SS&C Associates related to the Services and the subject matter of this Agreement, and no SS&C Associate shall have any liability to the Company or any other Person for, and the Company hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law recourse under, tort, misrepresentation or any other legal theory.
13.6 Force Majeure. SS&C will not be responsible for any Losses of property in SS&C Associates possession or for any failure to fulfill its duties or obligations hereunder if such Loss or failure is caused, directly or indirectly, by war, terrorist or analogous action, the act of any Government Authority or other authority, riot, civil commotion, rebellion, storm, accident, fire, lockout, strike, power failure, computer error or failure, delay or breakdown in communications or electronic transmission systems, or other analogous events beyond SS&Cs reasonable control. SS&C shall use commercially reasonable efforts to minimize the effects on the Services of any such event.
SS&C shall maintain a comprehensive business recovery plan that: (i) is not less protective than the executive summary of the plan provided to the Company by SS&C in connection with the inception of the Services; and (ii) provides for sufficient recovery of its back office and administrative operations to enable SS&C, within the time period set forth in the plan, after any event necessitating the use of such plan to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement. SS&C shall test such business recovery plan no less frequently than annually and upon request, the Company may participate in such test. Upon request, SS&C shall provide the Company with a letter confirming the completion of the most recent business continuity test.
13.7 Non-Exclusivity. The duties and obligations of SS&C hereunder shall not preclude SS&C from providing services of a comparable or different nature to any other Person and to receive economic or other benefits in connection therewith. The Company understands that SS&C may have commercial relationships with Data Suppliers and other providers of technology, data or other services that are used by the Company.
13.8 No Partnership. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, constitute a partnership or joint venture of any kind between or among any of the Parties.
13.9 No Solicitation. During the term of this Agreement and for a period of 12 months thereafter, the Company will not directly or indirectly solicit the services of, or otherwise attempt to employ or engage any employee of SS&C or its Affiliates without the consent of SS&C; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prevent the Company from soliciting employees through general advertising not targeted specifically at any or all SS&C Associates.
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13.10 No Warranties. Except as expressly listed herein, SS&C makes no warranties, whether express, implied, contractual or statutory with respect to the Services. SS&C disclaims all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the Services. All warranties, conditions and other terms implied by Law are, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, excluded from this Agreement.
13.11 Severance. If any provision (or part thereof) of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not practical, the relevant provision shall be deemed deleted. Any such modification or deletion of a provision shall not affect the validity, legality and enforceability of the rest of this Agreement. If a Party gives notice to another Party of the possibility that any provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate to amend such provision so that, as amended, it is valid, legal and enforceable and achieves the intended commercial result of the original provision.
13.12 Testimony. If SS&C is required by a third party subpoena or otherwise, to produce documents, testify or provide other evidence regarding the Services, this Agreement or the operations of the Company in any Action to which the Company is a party or that is otherwise related to the Company, the Company shall reimburse SS&C for all costs and expenses directly related to the Company, including the time of its professional staff at SS&Cs standard rates and the cost of legal representation, that SS&C reasonably incurs in connection therewith.
13.13 Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is entered into for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Parties and will not be interpreted in such a manner as to give rise to or create any rights or benefits of or for any other Person except as set forth with respect to SS&C Associates.
13.14 Waiver. No failure or delay by a Party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Agreement or by Law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No exercise (or partial exercise) of such right or remedy shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
13.15 Insurance. SS&C shall maintain insurance coverage including, without limitation, errors and omissions, fidelity bond or equivalent crime insurance coverage at levels that are determined by its Board of Directors to be appropriate for its business. SS&C shall use reasonable efforts to notify the Company in the event that such coverage is materially reduced or cancelled. Upon request of the Company, SS&C shall provide evidence that such coverage is in place. To the extent that SS&Cs policies of insurance may provide for coverage of claims for liability or indemnity by SS&C, no provision of this Agreement shall be construed to relieve an insurer of any obligation to pay claims to SS&C, which would otherwise be a covered claim in the absence of any provision of this Agreement.
13.16 Use of Brand. The Companys manager owns all worldwide rights to the KKR trademark and logo (collectively, the Brand). The Companys manager has granted a worldwide non-exclusive license to the Company to use the Brand as a trademark and logo in connection with marketing, promoting and operating the Company. SS&C shall not register or use the Brand as a corporate name, domain name, ticker symbol or social media identifier without the Companys prior written consent. SS&C shall use the Brand only in connection with the Services and in accordance with any guidelines provided by the Company. SS&C shall obtain the Companys prior written consent for any materials bearing the Brand, or any proposed uses or variations of the Brand or combinations of the Brand with other terms or marks. The Company may terminate SS&Cs use of the Brand immediately upon written notice for any reason, including for (i) any breach of this Section 13.16 by SS&C or (ii) the termination of this Agreement. Except to the extent required by applicable law, SS&C shall immediately cease all use of the Brand after such termination. SS&C shall not challenge or contravene the validity of, or the managers worldwide ownership
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of the Brand, nor take (or fail to take) any action that may damage the Brand. All goodwill arising from the Companys use of the Brand shall inure solely to the benefit of the Companys manager. The Company disclaims any and all liability for SS&Cs use of the Brand outside the United States, which such use shall be at SS&Cs sole risk.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed in their names and on their behalf by and through their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
SS&C GIDS, INC. |
KKR CREDIT | |||||||
OPPORTUNITIES | ||||||||
PORTFOLIO | ||||||||
By: |
/s/ Bhagesh Malde |
By: |
/s/ Doug Krupa | |||||
Name: |
Bhagesh Malde |
Name: |
Doug Krupa | |||||
Titl1e: |
Authorized Signatory |
Title: |
Vice President |
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Schedule A Transfer
Agency Services
A. |
GENERAL: |
1. |
As used in this Schedule A, the following additional terms have the following meanings: |
(i) |
ACH shall mean the Automated Clearing House; |
(ii) |
Bank shall mean a nationally or regionally known banking institution; |
(iii) |
Code shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; |
(iv) |
DTCC shall mean the Depository Trust Clearing Corporation; |
(v) |
IRA shall mean Individual Retirement Account; |
(vi) |
Procedures shall collectively mean SS&Cs transfer agency procedures manual, third party check procedures, checkwriting draft procedures, Compliance + and identity theft programs and signature guarantee procedures; |
(vii) |
Program shall mean Networking, Fund Serv or other DTCC program; and |
(viii) |
TA2000 System shall mean SS&Cs TA2000TM computerized data processing system for shareholder accounting. |
2. |
Any references to Law shall be construed to mean the Law as amended to the date of the effectiveness of the applicable provision referencing the Law. |
3. |
The Company acknowledges that SS&Cs ability to perform the Services is subject to the following dependencies: |
(i) |
The Company and other Persons that are not employees or agents of SS&C, whose cooperation is reasonably required for SS&C to provide the Services, providing cooperation, information and, as applicable, instructions to SS&C promptly, in agreed formats, by agreed media and within agreed timeframes as required to provide the Services. |
(ii) |
The communications systems operated by the Company and other Persons that are not employees or agents of SS&C remaining fully operational. |
(iii) |
The accuracy and completeness of any the Company Data or other information provided to SS&C in connection with the Services by any Person. |
(iv) |
Any warranty, representation, covenant or undertaking expressly made by the Company under or in connection with this Agreement being and remaining true, correct and discharged at all relevant times. |
4. |
The following Services will be performed by SS&C and, as applicable, are contingent on the performance by the Company of the duties and obligations listed. |
B. |
SERVICES |
1. |
Scope of Agency Services; SS&C Obligations. |
A. |
SS&C utilizing the TA2000 System will perform the following services: |
(i) issuing, transferring and repurchasing book entry shares or cancelling share certificates as applicable;
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(ii) maintaining shareholder accounts on the records of the Company on the TA2000 System in accordance with the instructions and information received by SS&C from the Company, the Companys dealer-manager or managing dealer, the Companys manager, the Companys sponsor, the Companys custodian, or the Companys administrator and any other person whom the Company names on Schedule C (each an Authorized Person), broker-dealers or shareholders;
(iii) when and if a Company participates in the DTCC, and to the extent SS&C supports the functionality of the applicable DTCC program:
(a) SS&C will accept and effectuate the registration and maintenance of accounts through the Program and the purchase, repurchase, exchange and transfer of shares in such accounts through systems or applications offered via the Program in accordance with instructions transmitted to and received by SS&C by transmission from DTCC on behalf of broker-dealers and banks which have been established by, or in accordance with the instructions of, an Authorized Person, on the Dealer File maintained by SS&C,
(b) issuing instructions to the Companys banks for the settlement of transactions between the Company and DTCC (acting on behalf of its broker-dealer and bank participants),
(c) providing account and transaction information from the Companys records on TA2000 in accordance with the applicable Programs rules, and
(d) maintaining shareholder accounts on TA2000 through the Programs;
(iv) providing transaction journals;
(v) preparing shareholder meeting lists for use in connection with the shareholder meetings;
(vi) withholding, as required by federal law, taxes on shareholder accounts, performing and paying backup withholding as required for all shareholders, and preparing, filing and providing, in electronic format, the applicable U.S. Treasury Department information returns or K-1 data file, as applicable, to Companys vendor of choice;
(vii) disbursing income dividends and capital gains distributions to shareholders and recording reinvestment of dividends and distributions in shares of the Company;
(viii) preparing and providing, in electronic format, to Companys print vendor of choice:
(a) confirmation forms for shareholders for all purchases and repurchases of shares of the Company and other confirmable transactions in shareholders accounts,
(b) copies of shareholder statements, and
(c) shareholder reports, prospectus provided by the Company;
(ix) providing or making available on-line daily and monthly reports as provided by the TA2000 System and as requested by the Company or its management company;
(x) maintaining those records necessary to carry out SS&Cs duties hereunder, including all information reasonably required by the Company to account for all transactions on TA2000 in the Company shares;
(xi) calculating the appropriate sales charge, if applicable and supported by TA2000, with respect to each purchase of the Company shares as instructed by an Authorized Person, determining the portion of each sales charge payable to the dealer participating in a sale in accordance with schedules and instructions delivered to SS&C by the Companys dealer-manager or any other Authorized Person from time to time, disbursing dealer commissions collected to such dealers, determining the portion of each sales charge payable to such managing dealer and disbursing such commissions to the managing dealer;
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(xii) receiving correspondence pertaining to any former, existing or new shareholder account, processing such correspondence for proper recordkeeping, and responding to shareholder correspondence;
(xiii) arranging the mailing to dealers of confirmations of wire order trades;
(xiv) |
processing, generally on the date of receipt, purchases, repurchases, exchanges, or instructions, as applicable, to settle any mail or wire order purchases, repurchases or exchanges received in proper order as set forth in the prospectus and any general exchange privilege applicable, and rejecting any requests not received in proper order (as defined by an Authorized Person or the Procedures as hereinafter defined); |
(xv) |
providing to the Company escheatment reports as requested by an Authorized Person with respect to the status of accounts and outstanding checks on TA2000; |
(xvi) |
as mutually agreed upon by the parties as to the service scope and fees, answer telephone inquiries during mutually agreed upon times, each day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. SS&C shall answer and respond to inquiries from existing shareholders, prospective shareholders of the Company and broker-dealers on behalf of such shareholders in accordance with the telephone scripts provided by the Company to SS&C, such inquiries may include requests for information on account set-up and maintenance, general questions regarding the operation of the Company, general account information including dates of purchases, repurchases, exchanges and account balances, requests for account access instructions and literature requests; |
(xvii) |
(where applicable) supporting Company tender offers, including but not limited to: assistance with shareholder communication plan; coordination of tender offer materials; establishment of informational website; receipt, review and reconciliation of letters of transmittal; daily tracking, reconciliation and reporting of shares tendered; and issuing tax forms. |
(xviii) |
in order to assist the Company with the Companys anti-money laundering responsibilities under applicable anti-money laundering laws, SS&C offers certain risk-based shareholder activity monitoring tools and procedures that are reasonably designed to: (i) promote the detection and reporting of potential money laundering activities; and (ii) assist in the verification of persons opening accounts with the Company. If the Company elects to have SS&C implement the anti-money laundering procedures and delegate the day-to-day operation of such anti-money laundering procedures to SS&C, the parties will agree to upon the applicable fees and the service scope and execute the attached appendix (Appendix 1 entitled AML Delegation) which may be changed from time to time subject to mutual written agreement between the parties; |
(xix) |
as mutually agreed upon by the parties as to the service scope and fees, SS&C shall carry out certain information requests, analyses and reporting services as stated in the attached appendix (Appendix 2 entitled Omnibus Transparency Services), as may be changed from time to time subject to mutual written agreement between the parties; |
(xx) |
as mutually agreed upon by the parties as to the service scope and fees, provide any additional related services (i.e., pertaining to escheatments, abandoned property, garnishment orders, bankruptcy and divorce proceedings, Internal Revenue Service or state tax authority tax levies and summonses and all matters relating to the foregoing); |
(xxi) |
upon request of the Company and mutual agreement between the parties as to the scope and any applicable fees, SS&C may provide additional services to the Company under the terms of this |
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Schedule and the Agreement. Such services and fees shall be set forth in a writing and may be added by an amendment to, or as a statement of work under, this Schedule or the Agreement.
B. At the request of an Authorized Person, SS&C shall use reasonable efforts to provide the services set forth in Section 1.A of this Schedule A in connection with transactions (i) the processing of which transactions require SS&C to use methods and procedures other than those usually employed by SS&C to perform shareholder servicing agent services, (ii) involving the provision of information to SS&C after the commencement of the nightly processing cycle of the TA2000 System or (iii) which require more manual intervention by SS&C, either in the entry of data or in the modification or amendment of reports generated by the TA2000 System than is usually required by normal transactions.
C. SS&C shall use reasonable efforts to provide the same services with respect to any new, additional functions or features or any changes or improvements to existing functions or features as provided for in the Companys instructions, prospectus or application as amended from time to time, for the Company provided SS&C is advised in advance by the Company of any changes therein and the TA2000 System and the mode of operations utilized by SS&C as then constituted supports such additional functions and features. If any new, additional function or feature or change or improvement to existing functions or features or new service or mode of operation measurably increases SS&Cs cost of performing the services required hereunder at the current level of service, SS&C shall advise the Company of the amount of such increase and if the Company elects to utilize such function, feature or service, SS&C shall be entitled to increase its fees by the amount of the increase in costs.
D. The Company acknowledges that SS&C is currently using, and will continue to use, domestic or foreign SS&C affiliates to assist with software development and support projects for SS&C and/or for the Company. As part of such support, the Company acknowledges that such affiliates may access the Company Confidential Information including, but not limited to, personally identifiable shareholder information (shareholder name, address, social security number, account number, etc.).
E. The Company shall add all new funds to the TA2000 System upon at least 60 days prior written notice to SS&C provided that the requirements of the new funds are generally consistent with services then being provided by SS&C under the Agreement. If less than 60 days prior notice is provided by the Company, additional rush fees may be applied by SS&C. Rates or charges for additional funds shall be as set forth in the Fee Letter for the remainder of the contract term except as such funds use functions, features or characteristics for which SS&C has imposed an additional charge as part of its standard pricing schedule. In the latter event, rates and charges shall be in accordance with SS&Cs then-standard pricing schedule.
F. The parties agree that to the extent that SS&C provides any services under the Agreement that relate to compliance by the Company with the Code (or any other applicable tax law), it is the parties mutual intent that SS&C will provide only printing, reproducing, and other mechanical assistance to the Company and that SS&C will not make any judgments or exercise any discretion of any kind. The Company agrees that it will provide express and comprehensive instructions to SS&C in connection with all of the services that are to be provided by SS&C under the Agreement that relate to compliance by the Company with the Code (or any other applicable tax law), including providing responses to requests for direction that may be made from time to time by SS&C of the Company in this regard.
G. (i) The Company instructs and authorizes SS&C to provide the services as set forth in the Agreement in connection with transactions on behalf of certain IRAs featuring the funds made available by the Company. The Company acknowledges and agrees that as part of such services, SS&C will act as service provider to the custodian for such IRAs.
The Company agrees that SS&C will perform the following functions, among others, with respect to the IRAs:
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a. |
securityholder recordkeeping; |
b. |
account servicing (including returning securityholders initial principal investment if requested pursuant to the seven (7) day right of revocation as allowed per statutory regulations); |
c. |
receipt of securityholder monies within the Company universal bank account; |
d. |
movement of securityholder money to either the Company or custodian cash positions; |
e. |
payment, dividend disbursement and bank account reconciliation; |
f. |
preparing, providing in electronic format a file to Companys print vendor of choice, and filing all tax reports, information returns and other documents required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), with respect to the IRAs and withholding and submitting all taxes relating to such accounts; |
g. |
providing all securityholder notices and other information which the Custodian provides with regard to the IRAs under applicable federal and state laws; |
h. |
providing reasonable assistance to the Company to complete a block transfer of the securityholders custodial accounts to a successor custodian, in the event the custodian resigns as custodian for the securityholders (subject to recompense of SS&C for such assistance at its standard rates and fees for personnel then in effect at that time); |
i. |
solicitation and processing of securityholder paid custodial fees; and |
j. |
processing of annual custodian maintenance fees from cash or reinvested distributions. |
(ii) In connection with providing services for the IRAs, the Company hereby authorizes SS&C, acting as agent for the Company: (a) to establish in the name of, and to maintain on behalf of, the Company, on the usual terms and conditions prevalent in the industry, including limits or caps based on fees paid over some period of time on the maximum liability of such Banks, as hereinafter defined, one or more deposit accounts at a nationally or regionally known banking institution (the Bank) into which SS&C shall deposit the funds SS&C receives for payment of dividends, distributions, purchases of the Company shares, repurchases of the Company shares, commissions, corporate re-organizations (including recapitalizations or liquidations) or any other disbursements made by SS&C on behalf of the Company and the IRA securityholders provided for in the Agreement; and (b) move money to either the Company or custodian cash positions per securityholder instructions, to draw checks upon such accounts, to issue orders or instructions to the Bank for the payment out of such accounts as necessary or appropriate to accomplish the purposes for which such instructions were provided to SS&C, and any other banking relationships, arrangements and agreements with such Bank as are necessary or appropriate to fulfill SS&Cs obligations under the Agreement with respect to the IRAs. SS&C, acting as agent for the Company, is also hereby authorized to execute on behalf and in the name of the Company, on the usual terms and conditions prevalent in the industry, including limits or caps based on fees paid over some period of time on the maximum liability of such Banks, agreements with banks for ACH, wire transfer, draft processing services, as well as any other services which are necessary or appropriate for SS&C to utilize to accomplish the purposes of this Section. In each of the foregoing situations, SS&C shall not be liable for any Losses (as defined in the Agreement) arising out of or resulting from errors or omissions of the Bank provided, however, that SS&C shall have acted in good faith, with due diligence and without negligence.
(iii) Representations, Warranties and Covenants. SS&C hereby represents, warrants and covenants that:
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a. |
Any cash account maintained at any Bank for the IRAs shall be insured in an amount equal to the maximum deposit insurance amount maintained by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits per securityholder; |
b. |
Any agreement between SS&C and any entity retained to serve as custodian for the IRAs shall provide that such custodian may not terminate such agreement (or otherwise resign as custodian of the IRAs) without providing at least ninety (90) days prior written notice to SS&C except if the termination is for cause, in which event ten (10) days prior written notice is required; and |
c. |
In the event that the custodian (or any successor custodian for the IRAs) terminates the custodial agreement with SS&C (or otherwise resigns as custodian of the IRAs), SS&C shall: (i) provide prompt notice to the Company regarding such termination or resignation, and (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to find a successor custodian. |
iv. Investment Authority; No Fiduciary. In no event shall the Company (i) have or exercise any discretionary authority or discretionary control whatsoever respecting the management or any assets in any IRA or any authority or control respecting the disposition of any assets of the IRA; (ii) render or have authority or responsibility to render investment advice with respect to any monies or other property of any IRA; or (iii) have or exercise any discretionary authority or discretionary responsibility in the administration of any IRA. In no event shall the Company be deemed to be a fiduciary as defined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and/or Section 4975 of the Code with respect to any assets or property of any IRA.
H. If applicable, SS&C will make original issues of shares, or if shares are certificated, stock certificates upon written request of an officer of the Company and upon being furnished with a certified copy of a resolution of the Board of Directors authorizing such original issue, evidence regarding the value of the shares, and necessary funds for the payment of any original issue tax.
I. Upon receipt of a Companys written request, SS&C shall provide transmissions of shareholder activity to the print vendor selected by the Company.
J. If applicable, the Company will furnish SS&C with a sufficient supply of blank stock certificates and from time to time will renew such supply upon the request of SS&C. Such certificates will be signed manually or by facsimile signatures of the officers of the Company authorized by law and by bylaws to sign stock certificates, and if required, will bear the corporate seal or facsimile thereof. In the event that certificates for shares of the Company shall be represented to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, SS&C, upon being furnished with an indemnity bond in such form and amount and with such surety as shall be reasonably satisfactory to it, is authorized to countersign a new certificate or certificates for the number of shares of the Company represented by the lost or stolen certificate. In the event that certificates of the Company shall be represented to have been lost, stolen, missing, counterfeited or recovered, SS&C shall file Form X-17F-1A as required by applicable federal securities laws.
K. Shares will be transferred in accordance with the instructions of the shareholders and, upon receipt of the Companys instructions that shares be repurchased and funds remitted therefor, such repurchases will be accomplished and payments dispatched provided the shareholder instructions are deemed by SS&C to be duly authorized. SS&C reserves the right to refuse to transfer, exchange, sell or repurchase shares as applicable, until it is satisfied that the request is authorized, or instructed by the Company.
L. Changes and Modifications.
(i) SS&C shall have the right, at any time, to modify any systems, programs, procedures or facilities used in performing its obligations hereunder; provided that the Company will be notified as
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promptly as possible prior to implementation of such modifications and that no such modification or deletion shall materially adversely change or affect the operations and procedures of the Company in using the TA2000 System hereunder, the Services or the quality thereof, or the reports to be generated by such system and facilities hereunder, unless the Company is given thirty (30) days prior notice to allow the Company to change its procedures and SS&C provides the Company with revised operating procedures and controls.
(ii) All enhancements, improvements, changes, modifications or new features added to the TA2000 System however developed or paid for, including, without limitation, Client Requested Software (collectively, Deliverables), shall be, and shall remain, the confidential and exclusive property of, and proprietary to, SS&C. The parties recognize that during the Term of this Agreement the Company will disclose to SS&C Confidential Information and SS&C may partly rely on such Confidential Information to design, structure or develop one or more Deliverables. Provided that, as developed, such Deliverable(s) contain no Confidential Information that identifies the Company or any of its investors or which could reasonably be expected to be used to readily determine such identity, (i) the Company hereby consents to SS&Cs use of such Confidential Information to design, to structure or to determine the scope of such Deliverable(s) or to incorporate into such Deliverable(s) and that any such Deliverable(s), regardless of who paid for it, shall be, and shall remain, the sole and exclusive property of SS&C and (ii) the Company hereby grants SS&C a perpetual, nonexclusive license to incorporate and retain in such Deliverable(s) Confidential Information of the Company. All Confidential Information of the Company shall be and shall remain the property of the Company.
2. Company Obligations.
A. The Company agrees to use its reasonable efforts to deliver to SS&C in Kansas City, Missouri, as soon as they are available, all of its shareholder account records.
B. The Company will provide SS&C written notice of any change in Authorized Personnel as set forth on Schedule C.
C. The Company will notify SS&C of material changes to its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws (e.g. in the case of recapitalization) that impact the services provided by SS&C under the Agreement.
D. If at any time the Company receives notice or becomes aware of any stop order or other proceeding in any such state affecting such registration or the sale of the Companys shares, or of any stop order or other proceeding under the federal securities laws affecting the sale of the Companys shares, the Company will give prompt notice thereof to SS&C.
E. The Company shall not enter into one or more omnibus, third-party sub-agency or sub accounting agreements with (i) unaffiliated third-party broker/dealers or other financial intermediaries who have a distribution agreement with the Company or (ii) third party administrators of group retirement or annuity plans, unless the Company either (1) provides SS&C with a minimum of 12 months notice before the accounts are deconverted from SS&C, or (2), if 12 months notice is not possible, Company shall compensate SS&C by paying a one-time termination fee equal to $0.10 per deconverted account per month for every month short of the 12 months notice in connection with each such deconversion.
3. Compliance.
A. SS&C shall perform the services under this Schedule A, including any appendices, in conformance with SS&Cs present procedures as set forth in its Procedures with such changes or deviations therefrom as may be from time to time required or approved by the Company, its manager or dealer-maanger, or its or SS&Cs counsel and the rejection of orders or instructions not in good order in accordance with the applicable prospectus or the Procedures. Notwithstanding the foregoing, SS&Cs obligations shall
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be solely as are set forth in this Schedule and any of other obligations of the Company under applicable law that SS&C has not agreed to perform on the Companys behalf under this Schedule or the Agreement shall remain the Companys sole obligation.
B. SS&C maintains and will continue to maintain a comprehensive compliance program reasonably designed to prevent violations of the federal securities laws. Pursuant to its compliance program, SS&C will provide periodic measurement reports to the Company. Upon request of the Company, SS&C will provide to the Company in connection with any periodic annual or semi-annual shareholder report filed by the Company or, in the absence of the filing of such reports, on a quarterly basis, a sub-certification pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 with respect to SS&Cs performance of the services set forth in this Agreement and its internal controls related thereto. SS&C reserves the right to amend and update its compliance program and the measurement tools and certifications provided thereunder from time to time in order to address changing regulatory and industry developments
C. In order to assist the Company with the Companys anti-money laundering responsibilities under applicable anti-money laundering laws, SS&C shall provide the anti-money laundering procedures set forth in Appendix 1 (AML Delegation).
4. Bank Accounts.
A. SS&C, acting as agent for the Company, is hereby authorized (1) to establish in the name of, and to maintain on behalf of, the Company, on the usual terms and conditions prevalent in the industry, including limits or caps (based on fees paid over some period of time or a flat amount, as required by the affected Bank on the maximum liability of such Banks into which SS&C shall deposit the funds SS&C receives for payment of dividends, distributions, purchases of Company shares, repurchases of Company shares, commissions, corporate re-organizations (including recapitalizations or liquidations) or any other disbursements made by SS&C on behalf of the Company provided for in this Schedule A, (2) to draw checks upon such accounts, to issue orders or instructions to the Bank for the payment out of such accounts as necessary or appropriate to accomplish the purposes for which such funds were provided to SS&C, and (3) to establish, to implement and to transact Company business through ACH, draft processing, wire transfer and any other banking relationships, arrangements and agreements with such Bank as are necessary or appropriate to fulfill SS&Cs obligations under the Agreement. SS&C, acting as agent for the Company, is also hereby authorized to execute on behalf and in the name of the Company, on the usual terms and conditions prevalent in the industry, including limits or caps (based on fees paid over some period of time or a flat amount, as required by the affected Bank) on the maximum liability of such Banks, agreements with banks for ACH, wire transfer, draft processing services, as well as any other services which are necessary or appropriate for SS&C to utilize to accomplish the purposes of this Schedule. In each of the foregoing situations the Company shall be liable on such agreements with the Bank as if it itself had executed the agreement.
B. SS&C is authorized and directed to stop payment of checks theretofore issued hereunder, but not presented for payment, when the payees thereof allege either that they have not received the checks or that such checks have been mislaid, lost, stolen, destroyed or through no fault of theirs, are otherwise beyond their control, and cannot be produced by them for presentation and collection, and, to issue and deliver duplicate checks in replacement thereof.
5. Records.
SS&C will maintain customary transfer agent records in connection with its agency in accordance with the transfer agent recordkeeping requirements under applicable federal securities laws. Notwithstanding anything in the Agreement to the contrary, the records to be maintained and preserved by SS&C on the TA2000 System under the Agreement shall be maintained and preserved in accordance with the following:
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A. Annual Purges by August 31: SS&C and the Company shall mutually agree upon a date for the annual purge of the appropriate history transactions from the Transaction History (A88) file for accounts (both regular and tax advantaged accounts) that were open as of January 1 of the current year, such purge to be complete no later than August 31. Purges completed after this date will subject the Company to the Aged History Retention fees set forth in the Fee Schedule in the Fee Letter.
B. Purge Criteria: In order to avoid the Aged History Retention fees, history data for regular or ordinary accounts (that is, non-tax advantaged accounts) must be purged if the confirmation date of the history transaction is prior to January 1 of the current year and history data for tax advantaged accounts (retirement and educational savings accounts) must be purged if the confirmation date of the history transaction is prior to January 1 of the prior year. All purged history information shall be retained on magnetic tape for 7 years.
C. Purged History Retention Options (entail an additional fee): For the additional fees set forth on the Fee Schedule in the Fee Letter, or as otherwise mutually agreed, then Company may choose (i) to place purged history information on the Purged Transaction History (A19) table or (ii) to retain history information on the Transaction History (A88) file beyond the timeframes defined above. Retaining information on the A19 table allows for viewing of this data through online facilities and E-Commerce applications. This database does not support those histories being printed on statements and reports and is not available for on request job executions.
6. Disposition of Books, Records and Canceled Certificates.
SS&C may send periodically to the Company, or to where designated by the Company, all books, documents, and all records no longer deemed needed for current purposes, upon the understanding that such books, documents, and records will be maintained by the Company under and in accordance with the requirements of applicable federal securities laws. Such materials will not be destroyed by the Company without the consent of SS&C (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld), but will be safely stored for possible future reference.
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SCHEDULE C
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL
Pursuant to the terms of the Schedule A and the Agreement between the Company and SS&C, the Company authorizes the following Company personnel to provide instructions to SS&C, and receive inquiries from SS&C in connection with Schedule A and the Agreement:
Name | Title | |||
This Schedule may be revised by the Company by providing SS&C with a substitute Schedule C. Any such substitute Schedule C shall become effective twenty-four (24) hours after SS&Cs receipt of the document and shall be incorporated into the Agreement.
APPENDIX 1
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING DELEGATION
1. |
Delegation. |
1.1 |
In order to assist the Company with the Companys AML responsibilities under applicable AML laws, SS&C offers certain risk-based AML Procedures that are reasonably designed to: (i) promote the detection and reporting of potential money laundering activities; and (ii) assist in the verification of persons opening accounts with the Company. The Company has had an opportunity to review the AML Procedures with SS&C and desires to implement the AML Procedures as part of the Companys overall AML program. |
1.2 |
Accordingly, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company hereby instructs and directs SS&C to implement the AML Procedures as set forth in Section 4 below on the Companys behalf and delegates to SS&C the day-to-day operation of the AML Procedures. The AML Procedures set forth in Section 4 may be amended, from time to time, by mutual agreement of the Company and SS&C upon the execution by such parties of a revised Appendix 1 bearing a later date than the date hereof. |
1.3 |
SS&C agrees to perform such AML Procedures, with respect to the ownership of Shares in the Company for which SS&C maintains the applicable shareholder information, subject to and in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. |
2. |
Consent to Examination. In connection with the performance by SS&C of the AML Procedures, SS&C understands and acknowledges that the Company remains responsible for assuring compliance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act) and that the records SS&C maintains for the Company relating to the AML Program may be subject, from time to time, to examination and/or inspection by federal regulators in order that the regulators may evaluate such compliance. SS&C hereby consents to such examination and/or inspection and agrees to cooperate with such federal examiners in connection with their review. For purposes of such examination and/or inspection, SS&C will use its best efforts to make available, during normal business hours and on reasonable notice all required records and information for review by such examiners. |
3. |
Limitation on Delegation. The Company acknowledges and agrees that in accepting the delegation hereunder, SS&C is agreeing to perform only the AML Procedures, as may be amended from time to time, and is not undertaking and shall not be responsible for any other aspect of the AML Program or for the overall compliance by the Company with the USA PATRIOT Act or for any other matters that have not been delegated hereunder. Additionally, the parties acknowledge and agree that SS&C shall only be responsible for performing the AML Procedures with respect to the ownership of, and transactions in, Shares in the Company for which SS&C maintains the applicable Shareholder information. |
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4. |
AML Procedures1 |
4.1 |
Consistent with the services provided by SS&C and with respect to the ownership of Shares in the Company for which SS&C maintains the applicable Shareholder information, SS&C shall: |
(a) |
On a daily basis, submit all new customer account registrations and registration changes against the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) database, the Politically Exposed Persons (PEP) database, and such other lists or databases as may be required from time to time by applicable regulatory authorities; |
(b) |
Submit all account registrations through OFAC database, the PEP database, and such other lists or databases as may be required from time to time by applicable regulatory authorities; |
(c) |
On a daily basis, submit special payee information from checks, outgoing wires and systematic withdrawal files through the OFAC database; |
(d) |
Review certain types of repurchase transactions that occur within thirty-four (34) days of an account establishment, registration change, or banking information change (e.g. repurchase by wire within 34 days of banking information change; rapid depletion of account balance after establishment; and repurchase by check within 34 days of address change); |
(e) |
Review wires sent pursuant to banking instructions other than those on file with SS&C; |
(f) |
Review accounts with small balances followed by large purchases; |
(g) |
Review accounts with frequent activity within a specified date range followed by a large repurchase; |
(h) |
Review purchase and repurchase activity by check that meets or exceeds $100,000 threshold on any given day; |
(i) |
Determine when a suspicious activity report (SAR) should be filed as required by applicable regulations; prepare and file the SAR; provide the Company with a copy of the SAR within a reasonable time after filing; and notify the Company if any further communication is received from the U.S. Department of the Treasury or other law enforcement agencies regarding such filing; |
(j) |
Compare account information to any FinCEN request received by the Company and provided to SS&C pursuant to USA PATRIOT Act Sec. 314(a). Provide the Company with the necessary information for it to respond to such request within required time frame; |
(k) |
(i) Take reasonable steps to verify the identity of any person seeking to become a new customer of the Company and notify the Company in the event such person cannot be verified, (ii) Maintain records of the information used to verify the persons identity, as required, and (iii) |
1 The accounts, transactions, items and activity reviewed in each case are subject to certain standard exclusions as set forth in written procedures of SS&C, which have been made available to the Company and which may be modified from time to time.
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Determine whether the person appears on any lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations provided to the Company by any government agency; |
(l) |
Except with respect to any entities excluded under applicable regulation: (i) take reasonable steps to verify the identity of legal entities seeking to become new customers of the Company, including verifying the identity of the natural person(s) retaining ownership or controlling interest in such legal entity (the Beneficial Owner(s)), as such ownership and controlling interests are defined in 31 C.F.R. 1010.230, (ii) notify the Company in the event that the identity of such Beneficial Owner(s) is not provided upon request to such entity or cannot be verified, (iii) maintain records of the information used to verify such Beneficial Owners, as required, and (iv) determine whether such persons appear on any lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations provided to the Company by any government agency; |
(m) |
Conduct due diligence and if required, enhanced due diligence in accordance with 31 C.F.R. 103.176(b) for new and existing correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions (as defined in 31 C.F.R. 103.175). SS&C will perform an assessment of the money laundering risk presented by the account based on a consideration of relevant factors in accordance with applicable law and information provided by the foreign financial institution in a financial institution questionnaire. If an account is determined to have a medium or above risk-ranking, SS&C will monitor the account on a monthly basis for unusual activity. In the situation where due diligence cannot be completed with respect to an account, SS&C will contact the Companys AML Officer for further instruction. |
(n) |
Upon the request by the Company, conduct due diligence to determine if the Company is involved with any foreign jurisdiction, institution, class of transactions and a type of account designated, from time to time, by the U.S. Department of Justice in order to identify and take certain special measures against such entities as required under Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act (31 C.F.R. 103.193). |
(o) |
Create and retain records required under 31 CFR 103.33 in connection with the transmittals of funds in amounts equal to or in excess of $3,000, and transmit such information on the transactions to the receiving financial institutions. |
4.2 In the event that SS&C detects activity as a result of the foregoing procedures, which necessitates the filing by SS&C of a SAR or other similar report or notice to OFAC, then SS&C shall also immediately notify the Company, unless prohibited by applicable law.
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APPENDIX 2
OMNIBUS TRANSPARENCY SERVICES
A. |
The Company shall provide the following information to SS&C: |
1. |
The name and contact information for the financial intermediary, with which the Company have a shareholder information agreement (under which the financial intermediary agrees to provide, at the Companys request, identity and transaction information about shareholders who hold their shares through an account with the financial intermediary (an accountlet)), that is to receive an information request; |
2. |
The Company to be included, along with each Companys frequency trading policy, under surveillance for the financial intermediary; |
3. |
The frequency of supplemental data requests from SS&C; |
4. |
The duration of supplemental data requests (e.g. 60 days, 90 days); and |
5. |
The expected turnaround time for a response from the financial intermediary to an information request (including requests for supplemental data) |
B. |
Upon receipt of the foregoing information, the Company hereby authorize and instruct SS&C to perform the following services: |
1. |
Financial Intermediary Surveillance Schedules. |
(a) |
Create a system profile and infrastructure based upon parameters set by the Company to establish and maintain financial intermediary surveillance schedules and communication protocol/links. |
(b) |
Initiate information requests to the financial intermediaries. |
2. |
Data Management Monitoring |
(a) |
Monitor status of information requests until all supplemental data is received. |
(b) |
If a Financial Intermediary does not respond to a second request from SS&C, the SS&C shall notify the Company for the Company to follow-up with the financial intermediary. |
3. |
Customized Reporting for Market Timing Analysis |
(a) |
Run information received from the financial intermediaries through TA2000 System functionalities. |
(b) |
Generate exception reports using parameters provided by the Company. |
4. |
Daily Exception Analysis of Market Timing Policies for Supplemental Data Provided (a) Review daily short-term trader exceptions, daily excessive trader exceptions, and daily supplemental data reconciliation exceptions. |
(b) Analyze Financial Intermediary supplemental data (items), which are identified as Potential Violations based on parameters established by the Company.
(c) Confirm exception trades and if necessary, request additional information regarding Potential Violations.
5. |
Communication and Resolution of Market Timing Exceptions |
(a) |
Communicate results of analysis to the Company or upon request of the Company directly to the financial intermediary. |
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(b) |
Unless otherwise requested by the Company and as applicable, instruct the financial intermediary to (i) restrict trading on the accountlet, (ii) cancel a trade, or (iii) prohibit future purchases or exchanges. |
(c) |
Update AWD work object with comments detailing resolution. |
(d) |
Keep a detailed record of all data exceptions and inquires with regards to potential violations. |
6. |
Management Reporting |
(a) |
Provide periodic reports, in accordance with agreed upon frequency and content parameters, to the Company. As reasonably requested by the Company, SS&C shall furnish ad hoc reports to the Company. |
7. |
Support Due Diligence Programs |
(a) |
Update system watch list with pertinent information on trade violators. |
(b) |
Maintain a detailed audit trail of all accounts that are blocked and reason for doing so. |
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APPENDIX 3
Information relating to the processing of Personal Data
Subject matter of processing |
Personal Data, as summarized below, transferred by or on behalf of the Company (or shareholders or prospective shareholders) or otherwise obtained by SS&C or its Affiliates as Processor , as required by SS&C to ensure the proper performance of Services under this Agreement. |
|
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Duration of processing |
The term of this Agreement and, if applicable, after the termination of this Agreement, to the extent required by applicable Law, or as agreed between the Parties in writing. |
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Nature and purpose of processing |
Processing of Personal Data, which may include special categories of Personal Data, for the purposes of performing the Services provided under this Agreement. |
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Types of Personal Data |
The types of Personal Data shall include (but are not limited to) names, addresses, contact details, government-issued identification, signatures, gender, financial information and sources of funds. |
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Categories of data subjects |
Natural persons connected with the Companys business, such as shareholders and individuals associated with shareholders, including their directors, members, agents or representatives, employees, partners, shareholders, and beneficial owners. |
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Frequency of any transfer of Personal Data from Fund/Management to SS&C |
Continuous |
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Sub-processors |
Broadridge Lexis-Nexis |
|||||||
SS&C Security Measures |
See Section 9 of the Agreement. |
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC
555 California Street
50th Floor
San Francisco, California 94104
As of February 28, 2025
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio
555 California Street
50th Floor
San Francisco, California 94104
Re: Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement
Ladies and Gentlemen:
KKR Credit Advisors (US) LLC (the Adviser) hereby confirms its agreement as follows in respect of KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio (the Fund):
1. Expense Limitation. For the period from the effective date of that certain Investment Advisory Agreement (the Advisory Agreement) between the Fund and the Adviser, through and including, February 28, 2026 (the Limitation Period), subject to the terms hereof, the Adviser agrees that, except as provided in Section 2 below, it will waive its monthly investment advisory fee and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund so that certain of the Funds expenses (Specified Expenses) will not exceed 0.40% of the average daily value of the Funds net assets (on an annualized basis) (the Expense Limitation). In any month, the Adviser shall reimburse the Fund for Specified Expenses over the Expense Limitation for the fiscal year in which such month occurs by waiving the requisite amount of its monthly investment advisory fees under the Advisory Agreement and/or directly reimbursing the Fund for any additional excess Specified Expenses over such Expense Limitation. For purposes of this letter agreement, the average daily value of the Funds net assets will be determined in a manner consistent with the Funds Prospectus.
2. Specified Expenses. Specified Expenses mean the Funds Other Expenses (as such term is used in the requirements with respect to the Fee Table set forth in Form N-2) other than: (i) the Management Fee (as defined in the Prospectus), (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee (as defined in the Prospectus), (iii) the Distribution Fee (as defined in the Prospectus), (iv) brokerage costs, (v) dividend/interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vi) taxes, and (vii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Adviser).
3. Term. This letter agreement will remain in effect throughout the Limitation Period, unless terminated by the Funds Board of Trustees upon thirty (30) days written notice to the Adviser. This Agreement may be renewed by the mutual agreement of the Adviser and the Fund for successive terms. Unless so renewed, this Agreement will terminate automatically at the end of the Limitation Period. This Agreement will also terminate automatically upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement unless a new investment advisory agreement with the Adviser (or with an affiliate under common control with the Adviser) becomes effective upon such termination.
4. Excess Expenses. In consideration of the Advisers agreement as provided herein, the Fund agrees to repay, the amount waived or reimbursed by the Adviser in accordance with Section 1 above, when and if requested by the Adviser, as promptly as possible, on a monthly basis, but only if and to the extent that such waiver or reimbursement does not cause the Funds Specified Expenses plus recoupment to exceed 0.40% of the of the average daily value of the Funds net assets (or, if a lower expense limit is in effect, such lower limit) within the 36-month period after the Adviser bears the expense (Excess Expenses). For the avoidance of doubt, if, within the 36-month period after the Adviser has waived fees and/or reimburses expenses, the Fund has reimbursed the Adviser for any Excess Expenses, the Funds Specified Expenses once again exceed the Expense Limitation, the Adviser shall promptly pay the Fund an amount equal to the lesser of: (i) the amount by which the Specified Expenses exceed the Expense Limitation;
and (ii) the amount of reimbursements for Excess Expenses paid by the Fund to the Adviser. Any payment by the Adviser to the Fund pursuant to the foregoing sentence shall be subject to later reimbursement by the Fund in accordance with this Section 4. The Advisers obligations under this Section 4 shall survive termination of this letter agreement.
5. Entire Agreement; Amendment. This letter agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements between the parties hereto relating to the matters contained herein and may not be modified, waived or terminated orally and may only be amended by an agreement in writing signed by the parties hereto.
6. Construction and Forum. This letter agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflicts of law principles. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State court or Federal court of the United States of America sitting in New York, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, and each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court.
7. Counterparts. This letter agreement may be executed in any number of separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but the several counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same agreement of the parties hereto.
8. Severability. If any one or more of the covenants, agreements, provisions or texts of this letter agreement shall be held invalid, then such covenants, agreements, provisions or terms shall be deemed severable from the remaining covenants, agreements, provisions or terms of this letter agreement and shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions of this letter agreement.
KKR CREDIT ADVISORS (US) LLC | ||||
By: | /s/ Noah Greenhill |
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Name: Noah Greenhill | ||||
Title: General Counsel |
Accepted and Agreed: | ||||
KKR CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO | ||||
By: | /s/ Mike Nguyen |
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Name: Mike Nguyen | ||||
Title: Chief Compliance Officer |
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1900 K Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 261 3300 Main +1 202 261 3333 Fax www.dechert.com
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February 28, 2025
KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio 555 California Street 50th Floor San Francisco, California 94104
Re: Post Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 (Registration Statement); File Nos. 333-233709 and 811-23474
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio (the Fund), a statutory trust duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, in connection with the Funds registration statement on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, relating to the issuance and sale by the Fund of an indefinite number of shares of beneficial interest of Class I, Class D, Class T, Class U, Class PI and Class PT shares, par value $0.001 per share (the Shares). We have examined such governmental and corporate certificates and records as we have deemed necessary to render this opinion, and we are familiar with the Funds Declaration of Trust and By-Laws.
In rendering this opinion we have assumed, without independent verification, (i) the due authority of all individuals signing in representative capacities and the genuineness of signatures; (ii) the authenticity, completeness and continued effectiveness of all documents or copies furnished to us; and (iii) that the facts contained in the instruments and certificates or statements of public officials, officers and representatives of the Fund on which we have relied for the purposes of this opinion are true and correct.
Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares proposed to be sold pursuant to the Registration Statement, when made effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, will have been validly authorized and, when sold in accordance with the terms of the Registration Statement and the requirements of applicable federal and state law and delivered by the Fund against receipt of the net asset value of the Shares, as described in the Registration Statement, will be legally and validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Fund.
The opinions expressed herein are limited to the laws of the State of Delaware and the federal securities laws of the United States. We express no opinion herein with respect to the effect or |
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applicability of the law of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion as to any other matter other than as expressly set forth above and no other opinion is intended or may be inferred herefrom. The opinions expressed herein are given as of the date hereof.
In rendering this opinion, insofar as it relates to the valid existence of the Fund, we have relied solely on a certificate of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, dated as of February 27, 2025, and this opinion is limited accordingly and is rendered as of the date of such certificate.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We furthermore consent to the use of our name in the Funds prospectus and Statement of Additional Information to be included in the Registration Statement and in any amended versions thereof, unless and until we revoke such consent. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Dechert LLP Dechert LLP |
2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment to Registration Statement No. 333-233709 on Form N-2 of our report dated December 20, 2024, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio (the Fund) appearing in the Annual Report on Form N-CSR of the Fund for the year ended October 31, 2024, and to the references to us under the headings Financial Highlights and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Prospectus and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Financial Statements in the Statement of Additional Information, which are part of such Registration Statement.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2025
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that LOURDES PEREZ-BERKELEY, whose signature appears below, constitutes and appoints Mike Nguyen, Lori Hoffman and Thomas Murphy and each of them, her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution among herself and each of the persons appointed herein, for her in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all registration statements of KKR Credit Opportunities Portfolio, and any amendments or supplements thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his or her substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Dated: October 30, 2024 |
/s/ Lourdes Perez-Berkeley |
Lourdes Perez-Berkeley |
N-2 - USD ($) |
Feb. 28, 2025 |
Dec. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
Oct. 31, 2022 |
Oct. 31, 2021 |
Oct. 31, 2020 |
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Cover [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Central Index Key | 0001787621 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amendment Flag | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Inv Company Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities Act File Number | 333-233709 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company Act File Number | 811-23474 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Document Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Document Registration Statement | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-Effective Amendment | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Post-Effective Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Post-Effective Amendment Number | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company Act Registration | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company Registration Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Company Registration Amendment Number | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Registrant Name | KKR CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Address Line One | 555 California Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Address Line Two | 50th Floor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, City or Town | San Francisco | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, State or Province | CA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 94104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City Area Code | 415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Local Phone Number | 315-3620 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public | As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delayed or Continuous Offering | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Shelf [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective upon Filing, 486(b) | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective on Set Date, 486(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective after 60 Days, 486(a) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective on Set Date, 486(a) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Effective Date for Previous Filing | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Securities. 462(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No Substantive Changes, 462(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exhibits Only, 462(d) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Business Development Company [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interval Fund [Flag] | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] |
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Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] |
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Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example [Table Text Block] | Class I Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class I Shares, assuming (i) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class I Shares remains the same, (ii) a 5% annual return, (iii) reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value (“NAV”), and (iv) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
Class D Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class D Shares and assuming (i) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class D Shares remains the same, (ii) a 5% annual return, (iii) reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at NAV, and (iv) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
Class T Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class T Shares and assuming (i) the maximum sales load, (ii) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class T Shares remains the same, (iii) a 5% annual return, (iv) reinvestment of all dividends, and (v) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
Class U Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class U Shares and assuming (i) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class U Shares remains the same, (ii) a 5% annual return, (iii) reinvestment of all dividends, and (iv) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
Class PI Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class PI Shares, assuming (i) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class PI Shares remains the same, (ii) a 5% annual return, (iii) reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at NAV, and (iv) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
Class PT Example 1 The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Class PT Shares and assuming (i) the maximum sales load, (ii) total annual expenses of net assets attributable to the Class PT Shares remains the same, (iii) a 5% annual return, (iv) reinvestment of all dividends, and (v) application of the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement through February 28, 2026:
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Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] | This table illustrates the fees and expenses of the Fund that you will incur if you buy and hold Shares. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | as a percentage of the offering price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] | “Other Expenses” are estimated based on anticipated expenses for the Fund’s current fiscal year. “Other Expenses” include professional fees and other expenses, including, without limitation, filing fees, printing fees, administration fees, investor servicing fees, custody fees, trustee fees and insurance costs. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block] | Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Adviser receives an annual fee, payable monthly by the Fund, in an amount equal to 1.30% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets. The Management Fee percentage calculation assumes the use of leverage by the Fund. To derive the annual Management Fee as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets (which are the Fund’s total assets less all of the Fund’s liabilities), the Fund’s Managed Assets were multiplied by the annual Management Fee rate and then divided by the Fund’s net assets. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Highlights [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior Securities [Table Text Block] | The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Fund’s senior securities as of October 31, 2024, and the end of each of the Fund’s prior fiscal years. The Fund’s senior securities during this time period are comprised of outstanding indebtedness, which constitutes a “senior security” as defined in the 1940 Act.
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Senior Securities Amount | $ 253,428,000 | $ 221,899,000 | $ 222,594,000 | $ 148,685,000 | $ 5,538,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | [1] | $ 3,925 | $ 3,877 | $ 3,266 | $ 3,997 | $ 23,142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | THE FUND’S INVESTMENTS Investment Objective The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns and high current income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval. Investment Strategies The Fund invests in a select portfolio of the Fund’s adviser’s publicly traded and private credit through exposure to two of its primary credit strategies: (a) Opportunistic Credit, a conviction-based approach investing in a portfolio consisting primarily of junk bonds, first- and second-lien secured bank loans and structured credit (e.g., CLO mezzanine debt) and (b) Private Credit, which includes directly originated hard and financial asset-based lending, corporate mezzanine debt, as well as directly originated first-lien, second-lien and unitranche senior loans to upper middle-market companies. In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its Managed Assets in senior and subordinated corporate debt and debt related instruments. Debt related instruments include bonds, secured bank loans, convertible securities, structured products (such as CLOs), convertible debt securities, repurchase agreements and municipal securities. The debt and debt related instruments in which the Fund invests may include those of issuers from the United States and other countries, including emerging market countries. The Fund can invest without limit in below investment grade debt related instruments. When determining the attractiveness of anticipated return levels, the Adviser considers the risks inherent in the underlying investments. The Fund, under normal circumstances, invests 70-80% of its Managed Assets in the Opportunistic Credit strategy and 20-30% of its Managed Assets in the Private Credit Strategy, though the Fund’s allocation in investments could vary from these guidelines at any time in the Fund’s discretion. On at least a quarterly basis, the Investment Committee meets to, among other things, review and establish the allocation percentage between the Opportunistic Credit Strategy and Private Credit Strategy for the ensuing period. The Investment Committee considers factors such as KKR’s macro-economic and market outlooks, assessment of the relative risk and return of each strategy, and other factors in making its determination. Opportunistic Credit Strategy The Opportunistic Credit Strategy’s investment objective is to provide an attractive risk-adjusted return through investment in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities and financial instruments. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser utilizes a high conviction credit strategy with a broad mandate and flexibility to toggle among various asset classes including, but not limited to, junk bonds, first- and second-lien secured bank loans and structured credit (i.e., CLO mezzanine debt) and thematic approaches to investing depending on the credit market environment. Themes include (in order of expected weighting):
Private Credit Strategy The Private Credit Strategy’s investment objective is to deliver attractive returns primarily in the form of contractual interest or coupon payments with a focus on principal protection, diversification, and, to a lesser degree, potential capital appreciation. The strategy makes investments in directly originated and negotiated financing instruments in what we believe are underserved and/or mispriced asset classes resultant from the withdrawal of global financial institutions from the financing market place and seeks to earn a premium for originating and holding a loan or other instrument to maturity. Private Credit strategies can include:
KKR employs a holistic approach toward origination that is focused on partnering with high-quality borrowers and sponsors and serving as a solutions provider for their capital needs. We strive to understand the goals of borrowers and structure appropriate financing solutions that are tailored to meet their specific objectives. The breadth of our credit and capital markets platforms is crucial to exploring and creating these opportunities, as it enables us to provide a “one-stop” solution for a borrower’s entire capital structure. The KKR Credit Team seeks to conduct deep due diligence (including, among other things, an evaluation of the quality of cash flows of the underlying investment, strengths and weaknesses in a borrower’s cost structure, cost structure relative to competitors and quality of suppliers) on each investment, with a focus on investing in debt instruments of companies where it believes KKR has a competitive advantage or a differentiated view. The Fund can invest without limit in originated loans. The Fund can originate loans of any maturity or duration to borrowers located both within the United States and outside the United States. The Adviser, a subsidiary of KKR, uses KKR’s global network of resources, due diligence skills, intellectual capital and experience in seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. The Adviser employs a fundamentally-driven investment approach that is based on deep credit underwriting and rigorous financial analysis. Because KKR has deep experience in credit and private equity underwriting, the Adviser’s investment approach is designed to incorporate valuable characteristics of both. The Adviser seeks to reallocate the portfolio of the Fund to opportunistically emphasize those investments, categories of investments and geographic exposures believed to be best suited to contribute to the achievement of the Fund’s investment objective under the market conditions existing at the time of investment. The Fund seeks to leverage the diverse backgrounds and many years of experience in portfolio management, investing, finance and economics of the KKR Credit Team, as well as the global network and proprietary resources of KKR to source, diligence and execute attractive investment opportunities. The Fund relies on an exemptive order from the SEC that permits it to, among other things, co-invest with certain other persons, including certain affiliates of the Adviser and certain public or private funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. The Fund’s investment strategies are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval. Investment Philosophy With over 480 employees, including approximately 170 dedicated investment professionals across nine cities, the Adviser has deep expertise in the global credit markets and in investing in corporate debt across a range of industries. The Adviser’s investment professionals manage and evaluate credit opportunities across capital structures in public and private credit, and have access to an established platform for evaluating investments, managing risk and focusing on opportunities that seek to generate attractive returns with appropriate levels of risk. This platform allows for intensive due diligence to filter investment opportunities and help select investments that the Adviser believes offer the most favorable risk/reward characteristics. The Opportunistic Credit strategy incorporates a fundamentally-driven investment philosophy which is based on deep credit underwriting and rigorous financial analysis, focus on capital preservation and understanding the risks/downside protections of each position, and performing active portfolio management. Given that the Adviser has deep experience in credit and private equity underwriting, its investment approach was designed to incorporate valuable characteristics of both. The Adviser believes that this analytically-intense process differentiates the level of credit work that it performs. The Adviser generally seeks to invest in companies where it has what it regards as a differentiated view through its proprietary research and due diligence capabilities, including, for example, where the Adviser has performed detailed due diligence on the relevant company or its competitors, service providers or industry by leveraging the full resources of KKR. The Private Credit investment philosophy is rooted in the Adviser’s view that its size, scale and high degree of credit selectivity are the best means of sourcing opportunities and managing risk. Within Asset-Based Finance, this view is evident in the objective of identifying and developing proprietary financing platforms to exploit idiosyncratic investment opportunities. In these situations, the Adviser structures customized assets, terms, and subordination to meet its specific investment objectives and risk tolerance. Within Direct Lending, the philosophy drives a business objective of lending to larger companies with tailored financing solutions and sourcing more opportunities from existing borrowers and sponsors. The Adviser views the upper middle market segment as offering attractive risk-adjusted returns as larger corporate borrowers in general are better capitalized, have stronger and deeper management teams, and greater access to capital markets for financial flexibility. In addition, the Adviser seeks to be the sole or at minimum, lead lender, that generally results in a greater ability to dictate deal structure and terms and control all or a majority of the credit tranche. The Adviser is part of the broader KKR organization. KKR is a long-term fundamental investor focused on producing attractive risk-adjusted returns. Within the Fund’s investment strategies specifically, KKR seeks out complexity, dislocation and uncertainty, which it believes creates attractive risk/reward opportunities in the marketplace. KKR believes that its credit platform is differentiated by:
The Investment Process The Adviser uses a fundamentally-driven investment approach which is based on deep credit underwriting and rigorous financial analysis. Because KKR has deep experience in credit and private equity underwriting, the Adviser’s investment approach is designed to incorporate valuable characteristics of both. Prior to making an investment, the Adviser conducts due diligence analysis and a comprehensive review and discussion with respect to the Adviser’s sourcing advantages, analysis and diligence findings. Once an investment is made, the Adviser carefully monitors the position and formally re-underwrites its credit decision using a Portfolio Management Committee process approximately every three months. If the committee is not convinced that capital is still best invested in a position, a plan to intelligently exit is developed and implemented. The central step in the Adviser’s investment process is the performance of company, industry, capital structure and legal analysis on each Fund investment. Key elements of this exercise include: Corporate and Debt Structure The Adviser generally reviews the corporate structure of a target company in an effort to understand which entities own what assets, which subsidiaries have the support of those assets and how outstanding guarantees, liens and pledges interrelate with the various claims on the company’s cash flows and to understand the covenants, terms and conditions of the company’s outstanding debt and equity securities. Legal and Regulatory Environment Defining and understanding the legal, regulatory and tax regimes in which a target company operates, including, in particular, having a deep understanding of the intricacies of the insolvency regimes applicable to the company, is a key focus of the due diligence process. Engaging in regulatory and corporate affairs analysis to ensure the Fund is properly positioned with respect to labor, political and other key constituencies applicable to its investments is also, where appropriate, an important part of the Adviser’s due diligence process. Key Valuation Drivers The Adviser generally seeks to analyze a target company’s historical performance and prospects with a view toward understanding the sustainable margins and strengths and weaknesses in a company’s cost structure and analyzing the quality of cash flows of the underlying investment, including capital intensity needed to sustain its asset base, requirements for growth, degrees of flexibility to reduce its cost base if volumes or prices decline, and requirements for debt amortization or other external payments. The Adviser also seeks to define the market in which a company competes and, in particular, to assess what the company does, including what products and services it provides and to whom; to understand threats it faces for pricing or cost structure; and to identify drivers of market growth or decline, including changes in industry structure, technology or demographics. Macro Environment The Adviser also generally examines the broader environment in order to understand and consider potential macroeconomic head or tailwinds relevant to a target company utilizing scenario-based analysis. In this effort, the Adviser generally works closely with the Adviser’s global macro and asset allocation team around views and data related to the macro environment, in addition to working with this team when conducting due diligence on specific opportunities, whether they be regional, country or market specific. Tax Environment Defining the tax regime in which a company operates is another key aspect of the due diligence process. The Adviser generally undertakes a tax analysis of Fund investments with a view to optimizing structure and returns. As appropriate, the team engages specialist third party advisors for this purpose. KKR has strong relationships with tax advisors around the world who advise it on current key issues regarding existing portfolio investments and on trends and evolving legislation and practices in their respective jurisdictions and areas of expertise. Issuer Investment Profile While the Adviser considers each investment opportunity in an issuer on its own merits, the Adviser generally focuses on companies that share the following characteristics:
The universe of sustainability risks is very broad, and their relevance, materiality and impact on investments will depend on a number of factors such as asset location and/or sector. Depending on the circumstances, examples of sustainability risks can include, but are not limited to, physical environmental risks, climate change transition risks, supply chain disruptions, improper labor practices and corruption. The likely impacts of sustainability risks on the returns of the Fund will depend on the Fund’s exposure to investments that are vulnerable to sustainability risks and the materiality of such sustainability risks. The negative impacts of sustainability risks on the Fund may be mitigated by KKR’s approach to integrating sustainability risks in its investment decision-making. However, there is no guarantee that these measures will mitigate or prevent sustainability risks from materializing in respect of the Fund. The likely impact on the returns of the Fund from an actual or potential material decline in the value of an investment due to a sustainability-related event or condition will vary and depend on several factors including, but not limited to, the type, extent, complexity and duration of the event or condition, prevailing market conditions and the existence of any mitigating factors. In evaluating a prospective investment, the Adviser often depends upon information and data provided by the entity or obtained via third-party reporting or advisors, which may be incomplete or inaccurate and could cause the Adviser to incorrectly identify, prioritize, assess, or analyze the investment’s sustainability practices and/or related risks and opportunities. The subjective nature of non-financial sustainability criteria means a wide variety of outcomes are possible. The information or data may not adequately address material sustainability considerations. The analysis is also dependent on investments disclosing relevant information and data and the availability of this information or data can be limited. The Adviser does not intend to independently verify certain of the sustainability information and data reported by investments of the Fund, and may decide in its discretion not to utilize, report on, or consider certain information and data provided by such investments where it determines that such information is not reliable, inaccurate or immaterial. Compliance with legislative or regulatory initiatives whose requirements diverge from KKR’s responsible investment policy will create an additional compliance burden and cost for KKR and, where applicable, the Fund.
Although the Adviser believes that the criteria listed above are important in identifying and investing in portfolio companies, the Adviser considers each investment on a case-by-case Portfolio Composition The Fund’s portfolio is composed principally of the following investments. A more detailed description of the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions and more detailed information about the Fund’s portfolio investments are contained in the SAI. Fixed-Income Instruments The Fund invests in fixed-income instruments, such as high-yield corporate debt securities, or bonds, or U.S. government debt securities. The issuer of a fixed-income instrument pays the investor a fixed- or variable-rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Certain bonds are “perpetual” in that they have no maturity date. Holders of fixed-income bonds, as creditors, have a prior legal claim over common and preferred stockholders as to both income and assets of the issuer for the principal and interest due them and could have a prior claim over other creditors but would be subordinate to any existing secured lenders with higher priority in the issuer’s capital structure. Fixed-income instruments can be secured or unsecured. The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest on the security and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate bond, especially a fixed-rate bond, will generally rise and fall inversely with interest rates. The value of intermediate- and longer-term corporate bonds normally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter-term corporate bonds. The market value of a corporate bond also can be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities will not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate fixed-income instruments usually yield more than government or agency bonds due to the presence of credit risk. Senior Loans Senior Loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a Borrower. Senior Loans are secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the Borrower that is senior to that held by unsecured creditors, subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the Borrower. The proceeds of Senior Loans primarily are used to refinance existing debt and for acquisitions, dividends, leveraged buyouts and general corporate purposes. Interest rates on Senior Loans can be fixed or can float periodically. On floating rate Senior Loans, the interest rates typically are adjusted based on a base rate plus a premium or spread over the base rate. The base rate usually is a standard inter-bank offered rate, such as SOFR, the prime rate offered by one or more major U.S. banks, or the certificate of deposit rate or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders. Floating rate Senior Loans adjust over different time periods, including daily, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. The Fund will, from time to time, use interest rate swaps and other investment practices to shorten the effective interest rate adjustment period of floating rate Senior Loans or to adjust the overall interest rate exposure of the Fund. When interest rates rise, the values of fixed-rate income instruments generally decline. When interest rates fall, the values of fixed-rate income instruments generally increase. The prices of floating rate Senior Loans tend to have less fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates, but will have some fluctuation, particularly when the next interest rate adjustment on such security is further away in time or adjustments are limited in amount over time. For floating rate Senior Loans, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in Senior Loans should increase as short-term interest rates increase, and as short-term interest rates decrease, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in Senior Loans should decrease. Longer interest rate reset periods generally increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV as a result of changes in market interest rates. Senior Loans are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the investment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a Senior Loan would satisfy the Borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a Borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a Senior Loan. The collateral securing a Senior Loan could lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a Borrower. Senior Loans might not be rated by a rating agency. The amount of public information available with respect to Senior Loans will generally be less extensive than that available for registered or exchange-listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of Borrowers, the Adviser will consider, and could rely in part, on analyses performed by others. To the extent that they are rated by a rating agency, many of the Senior Loans in which the Fund invests will have been assigned below investment grade ratings by independent rating agencies. In the event Senior Loans are not rated, they are likely to be the equivalent of below investment grade quality. The Adviser does not view ratings as the determinative factor in their investment decisions and rely more upon their credit analysis abilities than upon ratings. Senior Loans generally are not registered with the SEC, or any state securities commission, and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most Senior Loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market exists for some Senior Loans, and some Senior Loans will be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, at times, the Fund will not be able to readily dispose of its Senior Loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund will, from time to time, have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of Senior Loans, the Fund’s yield could be lower. The floating or variable rate feature of most Senior Loans is a significant difference from typical fixed-income investments that carry significant interest rate risk. To the extent the Fund invests in variable rate Senior Loans, the Fund can normally be expected to have less significant interest rate-related fluctuations in its NAV per Share than investment companies investing primarily in fixed-income instruments (other than money market funds and some short-term bond funds). When interest rates decline, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can normally be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-income portfolio can normally be expected to decline. Although the income available to the Fund will vary, the Adviser expects the Fund’s policy of acquiring interests in floating rate Senior Loans to reduce fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund resulting from changes in market interest rates. However, because floating or variable rates on Senior Loans only reset periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. Similarly, a sudden and significant increase in market interest rates would likely cause a decline in the Fund’s NAV. A material decline in the Fund’s NAV could impair the Fund’s ability to maintain required levels of asset coverage. Other factors (including, but not limited to, rating downgrades, credit deterioration, a large downward movement in stock prices, a disparity in supply and demand of certain securities or market conditions that reduce liquidity) can reduce the value of Senior Loans and other debt obligations and reduce the Fund’s NAV. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase and retain in its portfolio Senior Loans where the Borrower has experienced, or is perceived to be likely to experience, credit problems, including involvement in or recent emergence from bankruptcy court proceedings or other forms of debt restructuring. Such investments can provide opportunities for enhanced income as well as capital appreciation, although they also will be subject to greater risk of loss. At times, in connection with the restructuring of a Senior Loan either outside of bankruptcy court or in the context of bankruptcy court proceedings, the Fund will determine or be required to accept equity securities or junior credit securities in exchange for all or a portion of a Senior Loan. At times, the Adviser will use an independent pricing service or prices provided by dealers to value loans and other credit securities at their market value. The Adviser will use the fair value method to value Senior Loans or other securities if market quotations for them are not readily available or are deemed unreliable. A security that is fair valued could be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Direct Assignments. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase Senior Loans on a direct assignment basis. If the Fund purchases a Senior Loan on direct assignment, it typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement of the assigning lender and becomes a lender under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning lender. Investments in Senior Loans on a direct assignment basis involve additional risks to the Fund. For example, if such loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. Loan Participations. The Fund will, from time to time, also purchase, without limitation, participations in Senior Loans, but does not plan to do so extensively. The participation by the Fund in a lender’s portion of a Senior Loan typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with such lender, not with the Borrower. As a result, the Fund will, from time to time, have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by such lender of payments from the Borrower. Such indebtedness can be secured or unsecured. Loan participations typically represent direct participations in a loan to a Borrower, and generally are offered by banks, other financial institutions or lending syndicates. The Fund will, from time to time, participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk of both the Borrower and the institution that sells the participation. The participation interests in which the Fund intends to invest might not be rated by any rating agency. Pre-Funded Letter of Credit Loans. amount invested as deposits. Consequently, the lenders do not have to advance any additional funds at the time the Borrower draws against the prefunded L/C loan facility. The prefunded L/C loan can be structured from the standpoint of the Borrower as either (i) a revolving credit facility, where the Borrower can reborrow, during the term of the loan, moneys it has paid back to the facility during the term of the loan, or (ii) a delayed draw term loan where the Borrower may not reborrow moneys it has repaid to the facility during the term of the loan. When the Fund purchases a participation in a prefunded L/C loan, the proceeds of the purchase are deposited in a collateral account, which backs an L/C loan by the agent bank to the Borrower to support trade or other financing. The Fund typically receives interest on the cash collateral account equal to the benchmark rate. In addition, the Fund will, from time to time, also receive a fee, typically similar to the spread paid on the Borrower’s institutional loan. Participations by the Fund in a prefunded L/C loan typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with the agent bank, not with the Borrower. As a result, the Fund will, from time to time, have the right to receive interest, fees and any repayments, if any, to which it is entitled only from the agent bank selling the participation and only upon receipt by the agent bank of such payments from the Borrower. In connection with purchasing the participation in a prefunded L/C loan, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the prefunded L/C loan. As a result, the Fund will, from time to time, assume the credit risk of both the Borrower and the agent bank selling the participation in a prefunded L/C loan. In the event of the insolvency of the agent bank selling a participation in a prefunded L/C loan, the Fund will, from time to time, be treated as a general creditor of such agent bank. The agent bank will likely conduct its principal business activities in the banking, finance and financial services industries. Persons engaged in such industries could be more susceptible to, among other things, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee’s monetary policy, governmental regulations concerning such industries and concerning capital raising activities generally and fluctuations in the financial markets generally. Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Unsecured loans or subordinated are loans made by public and private corporations and other non-governmental entities and issuers for a variety of purposes. Unsecured loans generally have lower priority in right of payment compared to holders of secured debt of the borrower. Unsecured loans are not secured by a security interest or lien to or on specified collateral securing the borrower’s obligation under the loan. Unsecured loans by their terms are or may become subordinate in right of payment to other obligations of the borrower, including Senior Loans and other secured loans. Unsecured loans can have fixed or adjustable floating rate interest payments. Because unsecured loans are subordinate to the secured debt of the borrower, they present a greater degree of investment risk but often pay interest at higher rates reflecting this additional risk. Such investments generally are of below investment grade quality. Other than their subordinated and unsecured status, such investments have many characteristics and risks similar to Senior Loans and other secured loans discussed above. In addition, unsecured loans of below investment grade quality share many of the risk characteristics of non-investment grade bonds. As in the case of secured loans, the Fund will, from time to time, purchase interests in unsecured loans through assignments or participations. Unsecured loans are subject to the same risks associated with investment in Senior Loans and other secured loans and non-investment grade bonds. However, because unsecured loans rank lower in right of payment to any secured obligations of the borrower, they therefore are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and available assets will be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the secured obligations of the borrower. Unsecured loans are also expected to have greater price volatility than secured loans and can be less liquid. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan could have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it could be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than Senior Loans of the same borrower. Mezzanine Securities The Fund will, from time to time, invest in certain lower grade securities known as “mezzanine securities,” which are subordinated debt securities that are generally issued in private placements in connection with an equity security (e.g., with attached warrants) or may be convertible into equity securities. Mezzanine securities can be issued with or without registration rights. Similar to other lower grade securities, maturities of mezzanine securities are typically seven to ten years, but the expected average life is significantly shorter at three to five years. Mezzanine securities are usually unsecured and subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. Bank Loans A significant portion of the first- and second-lien loans in which the Fund invests consists of bank loans. A bank loan is a debt financing obligation issued by a bank or other financial institution to a borrower that generally holds legal claim to the borrower’s assets. Bank loans are fixed and floating rate loans arranged through private negotiations between a company or a non-U.S. government and one or more financial institutions (lenders). The Fund will, from time to time, acquire bank loans directly through the lending agent or as an assignment from another lender who holds a direct interest in the loan. To the extent the Fund invests in bank loans, it is exposed to additional risks beyond those normally associated with more traditional debt securities. The Fund’s ability to receive payments or principal and interest in connection with a bank loan will depend primarily on the financial condition of the borrower, and whether or not a loan is secured by collateral, although there is no assurance that the collateral securing the loan will be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligation. At times, the market for bank loans might not be highly liquid, and the Fund will, from time to time, have difficulty selling them. Unlike publicly traded common stocks which trade on national exchanges, there is no central place or exchange for bank loans to trade. Bank loans trade in an over-the-counter Bank loans are typically issued in the form of first lien and/or second lien loans. Although many bank loans are secured by the assets of the borrowing entity as collateral, some loans are not secured. Bank loans are subject to unique risks, including (i) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations, (ii) environmental liabilities that can arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, and (iii) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower. Direct Lending Direct Lending loans are Senior Loans directly arranged / originated between a fund (i.e., non-bank or financial institution) and a borrower or sponsor. Direct Lending loans are generally first lien senior secured loans (including “unitranche” loans, which are loans that combine both senior and mezzanine debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt extended to upper middle-market companies. With respect to unitranche loans, the Fund could, pursuant to an agreement among lenders, be in a “first out” or “last out” tranche, whereby the “first out” tranche will have priority as to the “last out” tranche with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder and the “last out” lender bears greater risk relative to the “first out” lender. Direct Lending loans are generally made with the expectation of being held to the earlier of repayment or maturity given the lack of an exchange or over-the-counter Below Investment Grade Instruments The Fund anticipates that a majority of the Fund’s assets, including its investments in secured loans and other debt securities, will be invested in instruments that are classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) investments. In most cases, such investments will be rated below investment grade by recognized rating agencies or will be unrated instruments determined by the Adviser to be appropriate investments for the Fund. While generally providing greater income and opportunity for gain, non-investment grade debt securities and similar debt instruments generally are subject to greater risks than securities or instruments that have higher credit ratings, including a high risk of default. The credit rating of a high yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk, and ratings could from time to time change, positively or negatively, to reflect developments regarding the issuer’s financial condition. High yield securities and similar instruments often are considered to be speculative with respect to the capacity of the issuer to timely repay principal and pay interest or dividends in accordance with the terms of the obligation and could have more credit risk than higher rated securities. Lower grade securities and similar debt instruments could be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that a prolonged or deepening economic recession could adversely affect the ability of Borrowers issuing such securities and similar debt instruments to repay principal and pay interest on the instrument, increase the incidence of default and severely disrupt the market value of the securities and similar debt instruments. The prices of credit instruments generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, the price volatility caused by fluctuating interest rates of instruments also is inversely related to the interest rate of such instruments. Accordingly, lower grade instruments can be relatively less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality instruments of comparable maturity, because of their higher interest rate. This higher interest rate is what the investor receives in return for bearing greater credit risk. The higher credit risk associated with lower grade instruments potentially can have a greater effect on the value of such instruments than is the case with higher quality issues of comparable maturity, and can be a substantial factor in the Fund’s relative Share price volatility. Distressed and Defaulted Instruments The repayment of defaulted obligations is subject to significant uncertainties. Defaulted obligations might be repaid only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. Distressed and defaulted instruments generally present the same risks as investment in below investment grade instruments. However, in most cases, these risks are of a greater magnitude because of the uncertainties of investing in an issuer undergoing financial distress. As discussed above, an issuer of distressed instruments could be in bankruptcy or undergoing some other form of financial restructuring. Interest and/or principal payments on distressed instruments could be in default. Distressed instruments present a risk of loss of principal value, including potentially a total loss of value. Distressed instruments generally are highly illiquid and the prices at which distressed instruments may be sold typically represent a substantial discount to what the Adviser believes to be the ultimate value of such obligations. Convertible Securities Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks and other securities that entitle the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities are a form of hybrid securities because they have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest or preferred dividends paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt obligations. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a debt obligation. A convertible security could be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The price of a convertible security often reflects variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt would not. The value of a convertible security is a function of (i) its yield in comparison to the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (ii) its worth if converted into the underlying common stock. Non-U.S. Securities The Fund invests in securities or other instruments, including secured loans and unsecured loans, of non-U.S. issuers or Borrowers. Some non-U.S. securities are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Similarly, there is less volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets than in the United States and, at times, greater price volatility than in the United States. Because evidences of ownership of such securities usually are held outside the United States, the Fund will be subject to additional risks if it invests in non-U.S. securities, which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the foreign securities to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Because non-U.S. securities may trade on days when the Shares are not priced, the Fund’s NAV can change at times when Shares cannot be sold. Certain of the Fund’s investments in foreign fixed-income instruments could be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To the extent the Fund invests in such instruments, the value of the assets of the Fund as measured in U.S. dollars will be affected by changes in exchange rates. Generally, the Fund’s currency exchange transactions will be conducted on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market. The cost of the Fund’s currency exchange transactions will generally be the difference between the bid and offer spot rate of the currency being purchased or sold. In order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates, the Fund is authorized to enter into various currency exchange transactions. See “Risks—Foreign Currency Risk.” Illiquid and Restricted Securities The Fund will, from time to time, invest in securities that, at the time of investment, are illiquid. Investments currently considered to be illiquid include, among others, repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to repayment of principal and payment of interest within seven days, non-government stripped fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities, and over-the-counter The Fund will, from time to time, invest in restricted securities, which are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. The restriction on public sale could make it more difficult to value such securities, limit the Fund’s ability to dispose of them and lower the amount the Fund could realize upon their sale. Because they are not registered, restricted securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. In recognition of the increased size and liquidity of the institutional market for unregistered securities and the importance of institutional investors in the formation of capital, the SEC adopted Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Rule 144A is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent privately placed securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them under the Securities Act. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities, investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity. When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments The Fund will, from time to time, purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis beyond the customary settlement time. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges. The Fund generally purchases securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund will, from time to time, dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. From time to time, the Fund also sells securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund will, from time to time, realize capital gains or losses in connection with these transactions. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date. Equity Securities From time to time, the Fund also invests in or hold common stock and other equity securities. Common stock represents an equity ownership interest in a company. Historical trends would indicate that common stock is subject to higher levels of volatility and market and issuer-specific risk than debt securities. The value of the equity securities generally will be affected more rapidly, and to a greater extent, by company-specific developments and general market conditions. These risks could increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, if the Fund’s investments in equity securities are incidental to the Fund’s investments in loans or fixed-income instruments, the Fund frequently will possess material non-public information about a Borrower or issuer as a result of its ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument of a Borrower or issuer. Because of prohibitions on trading in instruments while in possession of material non-public information, the Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a security of the Borrower or issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous to do so. Preferred Stocks The Fund, from time to time, also invests in preferred stocks. Preferred stocks represent the senior residual interest in the assets of an issuer after meeting all claims, with priority to corporate income and liquidation payments over the issuer’s common stock. As such, preferred stock is inherently riskier than the bonds and loans of the issuer, but less risky than its common stock. Preferred stocks often contain provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuers’ call. Preferred stocks typically do not provide any voting rights, except in cases when dividends are in arrears beyond a certain time period. Preferred stock in some instances is convertible into common stock. Although they are equity securities, preferred stocks have certain characteristics of both debt and common stock. They are debt-like in that their promised income is contractually fixed. They are common stock-like in that they do not have rights to precipitate bankruptcy proceedings or collection activities in the event of missed payments. Furthermore, they have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows. In order to be payable, dividends on preferred stock must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors or trustees. In addition, distributions on preferred stock could be subject to deferral and thus might not be automatically payable. Income payments on some preferred stocks are cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accrue even if not declared by the board or otherwise made payable. Other preferred stocks are non-cumulative, meaning that skipped dividends and distributions do not continue to accrue. There is no assurance that dividends on preferred stocks in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable. If the Fund owns preferred stock that is deferring its distributions, the Fund will be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes while it is not receiving cash payments corresponding to such income. When interest rates fall below the rate payable on an issue of preferred stock or for other reasons, the issuer could redeem the preferred stock, generally after an initial period of call protection in which the stock is not redeemable. Preferred stocks can be significantly less liquid than many other securities, such as U.S. government securities, corporate bonds and common stock. Structured Products The Fund invests in structured products, including the following: Collateralized Loan Obligations. A CLO is a financing company (generally called a Special Purpose Vehicle or “SPV”), created to reapportion the risk and return characteristics of a pool of assets. While the assets underlying CLOs are typically secured loans, the assets could also include (i) unsecured loans, (ii) debt securities that are rated below investment grade, (iii) debt tranches of other CLOs and (iv) equity securities incidental to investments in secured loans. When investing in CLOs, the Fund will not invest in equity tranches, which are the lowest tranche. However, the Fund will, from time to time, invest in lower tranches of CLOs, which typically experience a lower recovery, greater risk of loss or deferral or non-payment of interest than more senior tranches of the CLO. In addition, the Fund intends to invest in CLOs consisting primarily of individual secured loans of Borrowers and not repackaged CLO obligations from other high-risk pools. The underlying secured loans purchased by CLOs are generally performing at the time of purchase but could become non-performing, distressed or defaulted. CLOs with underlying assets of non-performing, distressed or defaulted loans are not contemplated to comprise a significant portion of the Fund’s investments in CLOs. The key feature of the CLO structure is the prioritization of the cash flows from a pool of debt securities among the several classes of the CLO. The SPV is a company founded solely for the purpose of securitizing payment claims arising out of this diversified asset pool. On this basis, marketable securities are issued by the SPV which, due to the diversification of the underlying risk, generally represent a lower level of risk than the original assets. The redemption of the securities issued by the SPV typically takes place at maturity out of the cash flow generated by the collected claims. Credit-Linked Notes. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase credit-linked notes for risk management purposes. A credit-linked note is a form of funded credit derivative instrument. It is a synthetic obligation between two or more parties where the payment of principal and/or interest is based on the performance of some obligation (a reference obligation). Credit-linked notes are created by embedding a credit default swap in a funded asset to form an investment whose credit risk and cash flow characteristics resemble those of a bond or loan. These credit-linked notes pay an enhanced coupon to the investor for taking on the added credit risk of the reference issuer. In addition to the credit risk of the reference obligations and interest rate risk, the buyer/seller of credit-linked notes is subject to counterparty risk. Asset-Backed Securities The value of asset-backed securities (“ABSs”) like that of traditional fixed-income instruments, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. However, ABSs differ from traditional fixed-income instruments because of their potential for prepayment. The price paid by the Fund for such securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the average life of such securities are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying assets. Asset-Based Lending Asset-Based Lending is directly originated private credit investments with mezzanine-like returns to either directly finance certain hard or financial assets or to invest in origination and / or servicing platforms of those hard assets. These asset-based opportunities can offer mezzanine-like structural downside protection as well as asset collateral, and equity-like upside that can be achieved through appreciation at the asset-level or, in the case of platforms, through growth of the enterprise value. Key areas of focus include, but are not limited to consumer/mortgage, hard assets, commercial, and contractual cash flow sectors. From time to time, the Adviser will partner with an asset operator to pursue these types of asset-based opportunities. Investments in this category are structured in a variety of ways, including without limitation, as senior or subordinated asset-backed securities, structured credit notes or loans, private, preferred or common equity. Mortgage-Backed Securities In addition to the risks associated with other ABSs as described above, mortgage-backed securities are subject to the general risks associated with investing in real estate securities; that is, they could lose value if the value of the underlying real estate to which a pool of mortgages relates declines. Mortgage-backed securities can be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities, such as, in the United States, the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They can also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities can be issued by private issuers and be collateralized by securities without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of private credit enhancement. Pools created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools could be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages. Zero Coupon and PIK Bonds Because investors in zero coupon or PIK bonds receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date applicable thereto, an investment in such securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies. Temporary Investments During the period in which the net proceeds of the offering of Shares are being invested or during periods in which the Adviser determines that economic, market or political conditions are unfavorable to investors and a defensive strategy would benefit the Fund, the Fund could deviate from its investment objective and strategies. During such periods, the Fund invests all or a portion of its assets in certain short-term (less than one year to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities or hold cash and cash equivalents. The short- and medium-term debt securities in which the Fund invests in such circumstances include: (i) obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) bank deposits and bank obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. or foreign banks denominated in any currency; (iii) floating rate securities and other instruments denominated in any currency issued by various governments or international development agencies; (iv) finance company and corporate commercial paper and other short-term corporate debt obligations of U.S. or foreign corporations; (v) repurchase agreements with banks and broker- dealers with respect to such securities; and (vi) shares of money market funds and money market instruments. It is likely that the Fund would not achieve its investment objective when it does so. It is impossible to predict when, or for how long, the Fund will use these alternative strategies. There can be no assurance that such strategies will be successful. Commercial Paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. The rate of return on commercial paper can be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Certificates of Deposit. Certificates of deposit are certificates that are issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and that earn a specified return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund might not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Fixed Time Deposits. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed-rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor but can be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are generally no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. The Fund will, from time to time, also hold funds on deposit with its custodian bank in an interest-bearing account for temporary purposes. Bankers’ Acceptances. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Other Investment Techniques Short Sales The Fund will, from time to time, engage in short sales for investment and risk management purposes, including when the Adviser believes an investment will underperform due to a greater sensitivity to earnings growth of the issuer, default risk or interest rates. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security or other instrument (such as an option, forward or futures contract) that it does not own but can borrow in the market. Short selling allows the Fund to profit from a decline in market price to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities and to obtain a low cost means of financing long investments that the Adviser believes are attractive. When the Fund engages in a short sale of a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee or premium to borrow particular securities and be obligated to repay the lender of the security any coupon or interest that accrued on the securities during the period of the loan. The amount of any gain from a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund pays in connection with the short sale. During the period of the short sale, the Fund will, from time to time, be required to maintain the short sale proceeds that the broker holds and any additional assets the lending broker requires as collateral. Depending on the arrangements made with the broker or Custodian, the Fund might or might not receive any payments (including interest) on collateral it has deposited with the broker. Dollar Rolls The Fund will, from time to time, enter into “dollar rolls” in which the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase similar, but not identical securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund loses the right to receive principal and interest paid on the securities sold. However, the Fund would benefit to the extent of any difference between the price received for the securities sold and the lower forward price for the future purchase or fee income plus the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the securities sold until the settlement date of the forward purchase. All cash proceeds will be invested in instruments that are permissible investments for the Fund. For financial reporting and tax purposes, the Fund treats dollar rolls as two separate transactions; one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. The Fund does not currently intend to enter into dollar rolls for financing and does not treat them as borrowings. Dollar rolls involve certain risks including the following: if the broker-dealer to whom the Fund sells the security becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right to purchase or repurchase the securities subject to the dollar roll could be restricted. Also, the instrument which the Fund is required to repurchase could be worth less than an instrument which the Fund originally held. Successful use of dollar rolls will depend upon the Adviser’s ability to manage the Fund’s interest rate and prepayments exposure. For these reasons, there is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed. The use of this technique could diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what such performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. Derivatives The Fund currently anticipates investing in (or considering for investment) the following types of derivative instruments: Swap Agreements. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into swap agreements. A swap is a financial instrument that typically involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties on specified dates (settlement dates), where the cash flows are based on agreed-upon prices, rates, indices, etc. The nominal amount on which the cash flows are calculated is called the notional amount. Swaps are often individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, commodity prices, non-U.S. currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices, indexes or inflation rates. Swap agreements can increase or decrease the overall volatility of the investments of the Fund and its Share price. The performance of swap agreements could be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses. Generally, swap agreements have fixed maturity dates that are agreed upon by the parties to the swap. An agreement can be terminated before the maturity date only under limited circumstances, such as default by or insolvency of one of the parties and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund will, from time to time, be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, it is possible that the Fund will not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract. A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. The Fund will monitor any swaps with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment and tax requirements. Credit Derivatives. The Fund will, from time to time, engage in credit derivative transactions. There are two broad categories of credit derivatives: default price risk derivatives and market spread derivatives. Default price risk derivatives are linked to the price of reference securities or loans after a default by the issuer or Borrower, respectively. Market spread derivatives are based on the risk that changes in market factors, such as credit spreads, can cause a decline in the value of a security, loan or index. There are three basic transactional forms for credit derivatives: swaps, options and structured instruments. A credit default swap is an agreement between two counterparties that allows one counterparty (the “seller”) to sell protection under the swap and or be “long” on a third party’s credit risk and the other party (the “buyer”) to purchase protection under the swap and be “short” on the credit risk. In essence, an institution which owns corporate fixed-income instruments can purchase a limited form of default protection by entering into a credit default swap with another bank, broker-dealer or financial intermediary. Typically, the buyer agrees to make regular fixed payments to the seller with the same frequency as the underlying reference instrument. In exchange, the buyer typically has the right upon a credit event on the underlying instrument to deliver the instrument to the seller in exchange for the instrument’s par value plus interest. Credit default swaps can be used as a substitute for purchasing or selling a credit security and sometimes are preferable to purchasing the security. The Fund currently intends to invest primarily in credit default swaps as a buyer but could also act as a seller. As a buyer of credit default swaps, the Fund is able to express a negative credit view on a particular instrument; as a seller, the Fund can express a positive view on the credit quality of a company. The Fund does not intend to leverage its investments through the use of credit default swaps, but it could incur effective leverage to the extent it acts as a seller of a credit default swap. Among other risks, a party to a credit default swap is subject to counterparty risk. The Fund will monitor any such swaps or derivatives with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment policy and tax requirements. Options. The Fund will, from time to time, purchase put and call options on currencies or securities. A put option embodies the right of its purchaser to compel the writer of the option to purchase from the option holder an underlying currency or security or its equivalent at a specified price at any time during the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying currency or security covered by the option or its equivalent from the writer of the option at the stated exercise price. As a holder of a put option, the Fund will have the right to sell the securities underlying the option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund will have the right to purchase the currencies or securities underlying the option, in each case at their exercise price at any time prior to the option’s expiration date for American options or only at expiration for European options. The Fund could seek to terminate its option positions prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The ability of the Fund to enter into a closing sale transaction depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires. A successful use of equity options and options on stock indices will be subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly movements in volatility and the direction of the stock market generally or of a particular industry or market segment. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual stocks. Futures Contracts. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into securities-related futures contracts, including security futures contracts as an anticipatory hedge. The Fund’s derivative investments could include sales of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in securities prices and purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected increases in securities prices. A security futures contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security or of the component securities of a narrow-based security index, at a certain price. A person who buys a security futures contract enters into a contract to purchase an underlying security and is said to be “long” the contract. A person who sells a security futures contact enters into a contract to sell the underlying security and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which the contract trades (the “contract price”) is determined by relative buying and selling interest on a regulated exchange. Interest Rate Transactions. The Fund can normally be expected to have less significant interest rate-related fluctuations in its NAV per Share than investment companies investing primarily in fixed-income instruments (other than money market funds and some short-term bond funds). However, because floating or variable rates on secured loans only reset periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. Similarly, a sudden and significant increase in market interest rates could cause a decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, secured loans could allow a borrower to opt between an interest rate based on SOFR (or an alternative floating rate benchmark) and interest rates based on bank prime rates, which could have an impact the Fund’s NAV. The Fund will, from time to time, use interest rate swaps for risk management purposes only and not as a speculative investment and would typically use interest rate swaps to shorten the average interest rate reset time of the Fund’s holdings. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments). The Fund will only enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis. If the other party to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. The counterparty risk for cleared interest rate swap transactions is generally lower than for uncleared over-the-counter The use of interest rate swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would be unfavorably affected. Foreign Currency Transactions. The Fund will, from time to time, engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. The Fund will conduct its foreign currency transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate then-prevailing in the foreign currency markets or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. Foreign Currency Forward Contracts. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into foreign currency forward contracts in order to protect against possible losses on non-U.S. dollar denominated investments resulting from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A foreign currency forward exchange contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which can be any fixed number of days (usually less than one year) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price and for an amount set at the time of the contract. These contracts are often traded in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has a margin requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the price at which they are buying and selling various currencies. However, foreign currency forward contracts could limit potential gains which could result from a positive change in such currency relationships. The Fund does not speculate in foreign currency. Except for cross-hedges, the Fund will not enter into foreign currency forward contracts or maintain a net exposure in such contracts when it would be obligated to deliver an amount of foreign currency in excess of the value of its portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency or, in the case of a “cross-hedge,” denominated in a currency or currencies that the Adviser believes will tend to be closely correlated with that currency with regard to price movements. At the consummation of a forward contract, the Fund could either make delivery of the foreign currency or terminate its contractual obligation to deliver the foreign currency by purchasing an offsetting contract obligating it to purchase, at the same maturity date, the same amount of such foreign currency. If the Fund chooses to make delivery of the foreign currency, it could be required to obtain such currency through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of the Fund into such currency. If the Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, the Fund will incur a gain or loss to the extent that there is a difference between the forward contract price and the offsetting forward contract price. It should be realized that this method of protecting the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange which can be achieved at some future point in time. Additionally, although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain should the value of such currency increase. Generally, the Fund will not enter into a foreign currency forward contract with a term longer than one year. Commodities-Related Derivatives. The Fund will, from time to time, use commodities-related derivatives to hedge a position in a commodity-related issuer or industry. Commodities-related derivatives include, but are not limited to, commodities contracts, commodity futures or options thereon (investments in contracts for the future purchase or sale of commodities); total return swaps based on a commodity index (permitting one party to receive/pay the total return on a commodity index against payment/receipt of an agreed upon spread/interest rate); commodity-linked notes (providing a return based on a formula referenced to a commodity index); commodity exchange traded notes (non-interest paying debt instruments whose price fluctuates (by contractual commitment) with an underlying commodities index); sovereign issued oil warrants (a sovereign obligation the coupon on which is contingent on the price of oil); and any other commodities-related derivative permitted by law. Equity Swaps. In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a security, security index or basket of securities in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, the index receiver can gain exposure to securities making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those securities. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the interest that the Fund will be committed to pay under the swap. Derivatives that provide exposure to senior and subordinated corporate debt and debt related instruments will be counted towards the Fund’s 80% policy, and such derivatives will be valued based on market value for purposes of the Fund’s 80% policy. Securities Lending The Fund will, from time to time, make secured loans of its marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to broker-dealers and other financial institutions that are believed by the Adviser to be of relatively high credit standing. Securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, cash or cash equivalents (negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market The Fund will, from time to time, invest the cash collateral received in accordance with its investment objective, subject to the Fund’s agreement with the borrower of the securities. In the case of cash collateral, the Fund will, from time to time, pay a rebate to the borrower. The reinvestment of cash collateral will result in a form of effective leverage for the Fund. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so in order that the securities can be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the investment. The Fund will, from time to time, also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved. When engaged in securities lending, the Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of interest through investment of cash collateral by the Fund in permissible investments. Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls The Fund will, from time to time, enter into reverse repurchase agreements, under which the Fund will effectively pledge its assets as collateral to secure a short-term loan. Generally, the other party to the agreement makes the loan in an amount equal to a percentage of the market value of the pledge collateral. At the maturity of the reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund will be required to repay the loan and correspondingly receive back its collateral. While used as collateral, the assets continue to pay principal and interest, which are for the benefit of the Fund. A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by the Fund of a security concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security at a later date at an agreed-upon price. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate and a similar maturity as those sold, but the assets collateralizing those securities could have different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the Fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional investments, and the income from these investments will generate income for the Fund. If such income does not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities subject to the Fund’s forward purchase commitment could decline below, or the market value of the securities subject to the Fund’s forward sale commitment could increase above, the exercise price of the forward commitment. In the event the buyer of the securities files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the current sale portion of the transaction could be restricted. Repurchase Agreements The Fund, from time to time, enters into repurchase agreements, in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer and the bank or broker-dealer agrees to repurchase the security at the Fund’s cost plus interest within a specified time. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund seeks to sell the securities which it holds. This could involve transaction costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid securities. Other Investment Companies The Fund will, from time to time, invest in securities issued by other investment companies within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any exemptive orders currently or in the future obtained by the Fund from the SEC. These securities include shares of other closed-end funds, open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds) and ETFs. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s management fees with respect to assets so invested. Shareholders would therefore be subject to two layers of expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies could also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” Investment Policies Credit Ratings and Unrated Securities Rating agencies are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities, based upon their assessment of the likelihood of the receipt of principal and interest payments. Appendix A to the SAI describes the various ratings assigned to debt obligations by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”). Ratings assigned by a rating agency are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not consider the risks of fluctuations in market value or other factors that influence the value of debt securities. Rating agencies could fail to make timely changes in credit ratings and an issuer’s current financial condition could be better or worse than a rating indicates. Therefore, the credit rating assigned to a particular instrument might not fully reflect the true risks of an investment in such instrument. Credit rating agencies can change their methods of evaluating credit risk and determining ratings. These changes can occur quickly and often. Credit rating agencies can be paid by the companies whose debt they analyze and grade. To the extent that the issuer of a security pays a rating agency for the analysis of its security, an inherent conflict of interest exists that could affect the reliability of the rating. The Adviser does not rely solely on credit ratings; rather, it develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality. The ratings of a debt security can change over time. S&P, Moody’s and Fitch monitor and evaluate the ratings assigned to securities on an ongoing basis. As a result, securities held by the Fund could receive a higher rating (which would tend to increase their value) or a lower rating (which would tend to decrease their value) during the period in which they are held. The Fund, from time to time, purchases unrated securities (securities which are not rated by a rating agency) if the Adviser determines that the securities are an appropriate investment for the Fund. Unrated securities generally are less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Adviser might not accurately evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating. To the extent that the Fund invests in high yield and/or unrated securities, the Fund’s success in achieving its investment objective could depend more heavily on the Adviser’s analysis than if the Fund invested exclusively in higher-quality and rated securities. The Adviser will attempt to reduce the risks of investing in lower rated or unrated debt instruments through active portfolio management, credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in the economy and the financial markets. The Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue or withdraws its assessment, including in the event of a default. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, the Adviser considers such factors as Adviser’s assessment of the credit quality of the issuers of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. Percentage Limitations Compliance with any policy or limitation of the Fund that is expressed as a percentage of assets is determined at the time of purchase of portfolio securities. The policy will not be violated if these limitations are exceeded because of changes in the market value or investment rating of the Fund’s assets or if a Borrower or issuer distributes equity securities incident to the purchase or ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument or in connection with a reorganization of a Borrower or issuer. |
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Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | RISKS An investment in Shares may be speculative in that it involves a high degree of risk and should not constitute a complete investment program. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the following risks, together with the other information contained in the prospectus. If any of these risks discussed in this prospectus occurs, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the price of Shares could decline significantly, and you could lose all or a part of your investment. Repurchase Offers Risk. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Board has authority to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, but is not obligated to do so. In the event that the Board determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis. In that case, Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, Shareholders could be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular month, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. Between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Shares is determined, the Fund is subject to market and other risks and the NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer could decline. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund is generally a taxable event to Shareholders. Investment and Market Risk. The Fund is materially affected by market, economic and political conditions and events, such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which it invests or operates, including factors affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates and trade barriers. For example, COVID-19 adversely impacted, and any future outbreaks could adversely impact, the markets and economy in general, including the companies in which the Fund invests, and could harm Fund performance. Epidemics and pandemics have and may further result in, among other things, travel restrictions, closure of international borders, certain businesses and securities markets, restrictions on securities trading activities, quarantines, supply chain disruptions and reduced consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. Market, economic and political conditions and events are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. Ongoing events in the subprime mortgage market and other areas of the fixed income markets have caused significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility in the leveraged loan and bond markets, as well as in the wider global financial markets. To the extent portfolio companies and other issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments participate in or have exposure to such markets, the results of their operations could be adversely affected. In addition, to the extent that such economic and market events and conditions reoccur, this would have a further adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally. Global economic conditions could adversely impact the financial resources and credit quality of corporate and other borrowers in which the Fund invests and result in the inability of such borrowers to make principal and interest payments on, or refinance, outstanding debt when due. In the event of such defaults, the Fund could suffer a partial or total loss of their investment in such borrowers, which would, in turn, have an adverse effect on the Fund’s returns. Such economic and market events and conditions also could restrict the ability of the Fund to sell or liquidate investments at favorable times or for favorable prices (although such events and conditions would not necessarily foreclose the Fund’s ability to hold such investments until maturity). In particular, the Fund’s investment strategies rely, in part, on the continued stabilization and improvement of the conditions in the global economy and markets generally and credit markets specifically, and it is possible that the value of the Fund’s investments will not generate expected current proceeds or appreciate as anticipated and could suffer a loss. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances can vary significantly. The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution could cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and could adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis. Illiquid and Long-Term Investments Risk. Although investments by the Fund are expected to generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur only upon the partial or complete repayment or disposition of such investment, as to which there can be no certainty. The Fund’s investments are speculative in nature and, particularly where leverage is used by the Fund, there can be no assurance that current income received by the Fund will be sufficient to service the Fund’s debt or that any investor will receive a return of his or her invested capital or any distribution from the Fund. While an investment can be sold or repaid at any time, this will occur typically a number of years after the investment is made, and investors should expect that they will not receive a return of their capital for a long period of time even if the Fund’s investments prove successful. Certain investments by the Fund could be in securities that are or become publicly traded and are therefore subject to the risks inherent in investing in public companies (including new issues of securities). These factors are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. In addition, in some cases the Fund could be prohibited by contract or other limitations from selling such securities for a period so that the Fund is unable to take advantage of favorable market prices. The Fund will likely not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public companies, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as with investments in private companies. Furthermore, it can be expected from time to time that the Fund will be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in public or private companies because KKR could be deemed to have material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to make investments in public companies that the Adviser otherwise deems appropriate or, if it does, as to the amount it will so invest. Moreover, the inability to sell investments in public or private companies in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the investment results of the Fund. The Fund also invests in 144A securities, which investment is likely to raise many of the same issues and risks discussed above. It is possible that the Adviser, in its sole discretion, will decline to receive material nonpublic information in respect of a public company in which the Fund has invested that would otherwise be available to it to avoid being restricted from trading in securities issued by such public company or to avoid the Adviser or its affiliates being so restricted on behalf of other funds, vehicles or accounts sponsored, managed or advised by KKR or any of its affiliates. See “Conflicts of Interest.” Fixed-Income Instruments Risk. From time to time, the obligor of a fixed-income instrument will not be able or willing to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of the associated agreement. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner will be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow. Commercial bank lenders could be able to contest payments to the holders of other debt obligations of the same obligor in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements. Interest Rate Risk. non-U.S. financial markets. The Fund expects that it will periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. In a changing interest rate environment, the Adviser might not be able to manage this risk effectively. If the Adviser is unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, the Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. Senior Loans Risk. Senior Loans usually include restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund will, from time to time, have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, although having a stated term, can be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments will be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a Senior Loan to be shorter than its stated maturity. Senior Loans typically are be secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund invests in Senior Loans that are secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral could decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. Senior Loans generally are not registered with SEC or any state securities commission and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most Senior Loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market exists for some Senior Loans, and some Senior Loans are subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, at times, the Fund will not be able to readily dispose of its Senior Loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund will, from time to time, have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of Senior Loans, the Fund’s yield could be lower. See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk.” If legislation or government regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of Senior Loans for investment by the Fund will be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain Borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. See “Investment Objectives and Investment Strategies—Portfolio Composition—Senior Loans” and “Risks—Senior Loans Risk.” Credit Risk. non-payment of scheduled interest or principal by the borrowers with respect to such investments. Such non-payment would likely result in a reduction of income to the Fund and a reduction in the value of the debt investments experiencing non-payment. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which exceeds the principal amount of the investments at the time of initial investment. There can be no assurance, though, that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment will be released without the consent of the Fund. The Fund, from time to time, also invests in high yield instruments and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than Senior Loans. The Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, could be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of more senior creditors. Certain of these investments will have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In this case, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment could be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable could operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, could require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position or could otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress. Leverage Risk. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally may not (1) borrow money in an amount greater than 33 1/3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets or (2) issue preferred shares in an amount, when aggregated with any indebtedness outstanding, greater than 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. The SEC rule related to the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and certain other transactions by registered investment companies requires that if the Fund trades derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions), it must do so subject to value-at-risk non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security, provided that (i) the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Fund treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, the Fund will be permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Fund reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to use derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of its investment strategies. Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and return for Shareholders but, at the same time, creates risks, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be magnified if the Fund uses leverage. In particular, leverage can magnify interest rate risk, which is the risk that the prices of portfolio securities will fall (or rise) if market interest rates for those types of securities rise (or fall). As a result, leverage can cause greater changes in the Fund’s NAV, which will be borne entirely by the Fund’s Shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to investment restrictions of one or more NRSROs and/or credit facility lenders as a result of its use of financial leverage. These restrictions could impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or portfolio requirements will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund will not be able to use as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes it issues or credit facility it enters into would contain covenants that, among other things, impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board and Shareholders to change fundamental investment policies. The costs of a financial leverage program (including the costs of offering preferred shares and notes) will be borne entirely by Shareholders and consequently will result in a reduction of the NAV of the shares. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid by the Fund for investment advisory services will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the investment advisory fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets, which includes proceeds from (and assets subject to) any credit facility, margin facility, any issuance of preferred shares or notes, any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. This will create a conflict of interest between the Adviser, on the one hand, and Shareholders, on the other hand. To seek to monitor this potential conflict, the Board intends to periodically review the Fund’s use of leverage, including its impact on Fund performance and on the Adviser’s fees. See “Conflicts of Interest” and “Risks—Conflicts of Interest Risk.” The Fund can also offset derivative positions against one another or against other assets to manage the effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. In addition, to the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund could perform as if it were leveraged. The Fund’s use of leverage could create the opportunity for a higher return for Shareholders but would also result in special risks for Shareholders and can magnify the effect of any losses. If the income and gains earned on the securities and investments purchased with leverage proceeds are greater than the cost of the leverage, the return on the shares will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income and gains from the securities and investments purchased with such proceeds do not cover the cost of leverage, the return on the shares will be less than if leverage had not been used. There is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful. Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk. Mezzanine Securities Risk. (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk. over-the-counter Stressed and Distressed Investments Risk. Risk of Investments in Highly Leveraged Companies. in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged companies. If an issuer of the Fund’s portfolio investments cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the issuer could default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring of the company’s capital structure or liquidation of the company. The debt investments acquired by the Fund generally are the most junior in what is typically a complex capital structure, and thus subject to the greatest risk of loss. Furthermore, to the extent issuers in which the Fund is invested have become insolvent, the Fund could determine, in cooperation with other debtholders or on its own, to engage, at the Fund’s expense, in whole or in part, counsel and other advisors in connection therewith. In addition to leverage in the capital structure of the issuer, the Fund can incur leverage. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” Risk of Investments in Companies in Regulated Industries. Risk of Investments in the Airline Industry. COVID-19 outbreak and related travel restrictions. Additionally, the airline industry is highly sensitive to general economic trends, and anyRisk of Investments in the Shipping Industry. non-U.S. or acts of piracy or terrorist attacks and severe “Risks—Non-U.S. Securities Risks”); (iii) labor-relatedCOVID-19 outbreak. Energy-Related Investments Risk. Ordinary operation or the occurrence of an accident, with respect to an energy asset, could cause major environmental damage, which could result in significant financial distress to such asset. Certain environmental laws and regulations require that an owner or operator of an energy asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. As a result, certain of the Fund’s investments in the energy sector could be exposed to substantial risk of loss from environmental claims. Furthermore, changes in environmental laws or regulations or the environmental condition of an energy investment could create liabilities that did not exist at the time of the investment by the Fund and that could not have been foreseen. Community and environmental groups might protest about the development or operation of energy assets, which could induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. New and more stringent environmental or health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements, or stricter interpretations of current laws, regulations or requirements, could impose substantial additional costs on the issuer of a portfolio investment. Some of the most onerous environmental requirements regulate air emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; these requirements particularly affect companies in the power and energy industry. Additionally, for example, the COVID-19 outbreak and the resulting slowdown in economic activity reduced the demand for various natural resources, including oil, and increased the price volatility of natural resources and companies within the energy industry. Companies in the energy industry were adversely impacted by the reduced demand and by price competition among key oil producing countries. Real Estate Investments Risk. Real estate assets generally will be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related assets and/or risks incident to the making of nonrecourse mortgage loans secured by real estate, including risks associated with both the domestic and international general economic climates; local real estate conditions; risks due to dependence on cash flow; risks and operating problems arising out of the absence of certain construction materials; changes in supply of, or demand for, competing properties in an area (as a result, for instance, of overbuilding); the financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties; changes in availability of debt financing; energy and supply shortages; changes in the tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws and regulations; various uninsured or uninsurable risks; natural disasters; and the ability of the Fund or third-party borrowers to manage the real properties. The Fund could incur the burdens of ownership of real property, which include the paying of expenses and taxes, maintaining such property and any improvements thereon, and ultimately disposing of such property. The Fund invests in a real estate asset on a passive basis, giving a third-party operating partner and/or property manager a large degree of authority and responsibility for daily management of the assets and, therefore, will, in large part, be dependent on the ability of third parties to successfully operate the underlying real estate assets. There is no assurance that there will be a ready market for resale of investments because investments in real estate generally are not liquid; holding periods accordingly are difficult to predict, particularly as business plans can be revised to adapt to changing economic, business and financial conditions. Significant expenditures associated with real estate assets, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the assets. The insurance coverage applicable to real estate assets contains policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties, business activities and markets. There could be certain losses, including losses from floods and losses from earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that are not generally insured against or that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed to be economically feasible or prudent to do so. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs with respect to a real estate asset, the Fund could experience a significant loss and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with the property. Under various U.S., state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner, developer or operator of real estate could be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances at, on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation of such substances could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of such hazardous substances. The Fund attempts to assess such risks as part of their due diligence activities but cannot give any assurance that such conditions do not exist or might not arise in the future. The presence of such substances on the real estate assets could adversely affect the ability to sell such investments or to borrow using such assets as collateral. Certain loans acquired or made by the Fund could be secured by real estate. To the extent the Fund needs to foreclose on such loans, the Fund could, directly or indirectly, own such real estate and would be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate. From time to time, real estate loans or participation interests therein acquired by the Fund will at the time of their acquisition be, or may become after acquisition, non-performing for a wide variety of reasons. Such non-performing real estate loans could require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which could entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write down of the principal of such loans. However, even if a restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that upon maturity of such real estate loan, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available. Purchases of participations in real estate loans raise many of the same risks as investments in real estate loans and also carry risks of illiquidity and lack of control. The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against the holder of a real estate loan including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action. In some jurisdictions, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to conclude. During the foreclosure proceedings, a borrower could have the ability to file for bankruptcy, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and could result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management of the property. Short Selling Risk. Until the Fund replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it could be required to post cash or liquid assets with a broker. Generally, securities posted with a broker cannot be sold. The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral might also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances, the Fund will not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral and could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. It is likely that the Fund could obtain only a limited recovery or could obtain no recovery in these circumstances. Because losses on short sales arise from increases in the value of the security sold short, such losses are theoretically unlimited. By contrast, a loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security and is limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot decrease below zero. In addition, engaging in short selling could limit the Fund’s ability to fully benefit from increases in the fixed-income markets. By investing the proceeds received from selling securities short, the Fund could be deemed to be employing a form of leverage, which creates special risks. The use of leverage would increase the Fund’s exposure to long securities positions and make any change in the Fund’s NAV greater than it would be without the use of leverage. This could result in increased volatility of returns. There is no guarantee that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund might not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy. Prepayment Risk. Credit Derivatives Risk. in its forecasts of default risks, liquidity risk, counterparty risk, market spreads or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that a credit derivative position will correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being protected. The Fund’s risk of loss in a credit derivative transaction varies with the form of the transaction. For example, if the Fund sells protection under a credit default swap, it would collect periodic fees from the buyer and would profit if the credit of the underlying issuer or reference entity remains stable or improves while the swap is outstanding, but the Fund would be required to pay an agreed upon amount to the buyer (which could be the entire notional amount of the swap) if the reference entity defaults on the reference security. Credit default swap agreements involve greater risks than if the Fund invested in the reference obligation directly. Derivatives Risk. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage, which magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. The counterparty risk for cleared derivative transactions is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivatives because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Fund. Exchange trading will generally increase market transparency and liquidity but could cause the Fund to incur increased expenses. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearing house and by a clearing member could be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar OTC derivative transaction. However, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared OTC derivative transactions which could result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared OTC derivative transactions. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund invests will, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which could result in lost opportunities for gain. OTC derivatives generally are more difficult to purchase, sell or value than other investments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets can experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets can be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract could be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund would continue to be required to make cash payments of variation (or mark-to-market) Derivatives transactions also are subject to operational risk, including from documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error, and legal risk, including risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract. The derivatives markets have become subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. In particular, in the United States the Dodd-Frank Act regulates the OTC derivatives market by, among other things, requiring many derivative transactions to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expanding entity registration requirements, imposing business conduct requirements on dealers and requiring banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. Rulemaking proposed or implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or could change availability of certain investments. Regulation of the derivatives market presents additional risks to the Fund and may limit the ability of the Fund to use, and the availability or performance of such instruments. For instance, under Rule 18f-4, a fund’s derivatives exposure is limited through a value-at-risk 18f-4. Rule 18f-4 could limit the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives and other transactions and/or increase the costs of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business. The Fund’s investments in regulated derivatives instruments, such as swaps, futures and options, will be subject to maximum position limits established by the CFTC and U.S. and foreign futures exchanges. Under the exchange rules all accounts owned or managed by advisers, such as the Adviser, their principals and affiliates would be combined for position limit purposes. In order to comply with the position limits established by the CFTC and the relevant exchanges, the Adviser could in the future reduce the size of positions that would otherwise be taken for the Fund or not trade in certain markets on behalf of the Fund in order to avoid exceeding such limits. A violation of position limits by the Adviser could lead to regulatory action resulting in mandatory liquidation of certain positions held by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will liquidate positions held on behalf of all the Adviser’s accounts in a proportionate manner or at favorable prices, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. Such policies could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund. Structured Products Risk. Structured Products are subject to the normal interest rate, default and other risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product or other asset-backed security in which the Fund invests. The Fund generally has the right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying collateral assets. Such collateral could be insufficient to meet payment obligations and the quality of the collateral might decline in value or default. Also, the class of the Structured Product could be subordinate to other classes, values could be volatile, and disputes with the issuer could produce unexpected investment results. While certain Structured Products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in Structured Products generally pay their share of the Structured Product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying Structured Products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of Structured Products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a Structured Product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer could be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which could adversely affect the value of the Structured Products owned by the Fund. Structured Products issue classes or “tranches” that offer various maturity, risk and yield characteristics. Losses caused by defaults on underlying assets are borne first by the holders of subordinate tranches. If there are defaults or the Structured Product’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to more senior tranches take precedence over those of subordinate tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a Structured Product typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities and could be investment grade. Despite the protection from the subordinate tranches, more senior tranches of structured products can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults as well as investor aversion to Structured Product securities as a class. In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to the risk that: (i) distributions from collateral securities might not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the collateral could default or decline in value or be downgraded, if rated by a NRSRO; (iii) the Fund is likely to invest in tranches of Structured Products that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; (v) the investment return achieved by the Fund could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) there will be no readily available secondary market for Structured Products; (vii) technical defaults, such as coverage test failures, could result in forced liquidation of the collateral pool; and (viii) the Structured Product’s manager could perform poorly. Typically, Structured Products are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws and can be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. As a result, investments in Structured Products could be characterized as illiquid investments and could have limited independent pricing transparency. However, an active dealer market could exist for Structured Products that qualify under the Rule 144A “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers, and such Structured Products could be characterized by the Fund as liquid investments. PIK Risk. Preferred Securities Risk. Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities can be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities, such as, in the United States, Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They can also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities can be issued by private issuers and be collateralized by securities without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of private credit enhancement. Pools created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools could be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. From time to time, the Fund invests in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages. Repurchase Agreements Risk. Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls Risk. Swap Risk. The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments ultimately will require the clearing and exchange-trading of many OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC defined as “swaps.” Mandatory exchange- trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC determination of contracts for central clearing. The Adviser will continue to monitor these developments, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swap agreements. The swap market has matured in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid; however there is no guarantee that the swap market will continue to provide liquidity, and it could be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. The absence of liquidity could also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The inability to close derivative positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates or currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. In a total return swap, the Fund pays the counterparty a floating short-term interest rate and receives in exchange the total return of underlying loans or debt securities. The Fund bears the risk of default on the underlying loans or debt securities, based on the notional amount of the swap and, therefore, incurs a form of leverage. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation. Options and Futures Risk. so-called “synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible financial intermediaries. Options transactions can be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options can also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund could have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options can also include options on baskets of specific securities. Options and futures also are subject to derivatives risks more generally. See “Risks – Derivatives Risk.” The Fund will, from time to time, purchase call and put options on specific securities and write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. The Fund might close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts and options involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading can be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. A market could become unavailable if one or more exchanges were to stop trading options or it could become unavailable with respect to options on a particular underlying security if the exchanges stopped trading options on that security. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events (e.g., volume exceeds clearing capability) were to interrupt normal exchange operations. If an options market were to become illiquid or otherwise unavailable, an option holder would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising and an options seller or writer would remain obligated until it is assigned an exercise or until the option expires. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is usually halted as well. Holders and writers of options will then be unable to close out their positions until options trading resumes, and they could be faced with considerable losses if the security reopens at a substantially different price. Even if options trading is halted, holders of options will generally be able to exercise them. However, if trading has also been halted in the underlying security, option holders face the risk of exercising options without knowing the security’s current market value. If exercises do occur when trading of the underlying security is halted, the party required to deliver the underlying security could be unable to obtain it, which could necessitate a postponed settlement and/or the fixing of cash settlement prices. Investment Companies Risk. open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds), and other closed-end funds. Investments in ETFs, open-end investment companies, and closed-end funds are subject to a variety of risks, including all of the risks of a direct investment in the underlying securities that the ETF, open-end investment company, or closed-end fund holds. ETFs are also subject to certain additional risks, including, without limitation, the risk that their prices might not correlate perfectly with changes in the prices of the underlying securities they are designed to track, and the risk of trading in an ETF halting due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the exchange upon which the ETF trades. Shares of ETFs and closed-end funds at times trade at a premium or discount to their NAV because the supply and demand in the market for their shares at any point in time might not be identical to the supply and demand in the market for their underlying securities. Some ETFs and closed-end funds are highly leveraged and therefore would subject the Fund to the additional risks associated with leverage. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” In addition, the Fund will bear, along with other Shareholders of an investment company, its pro rata portion of the investment company’s expenses, including management fees. Accordingly, in addition to bearing their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, Shareholders also indirectly bear similar expenses of an investment company. Counterparty and Prime Brokerage Risk. sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced such entities’ capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using derivatives, swaps or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships. The Fund is subject to the risk of loss of Fund assets on deposit or being settled or cleared with a broker in the event of the broker’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy of any clearing broker through which the broker executes and clears transactions on behalf of the Fund, the bankruptcy of an exchange clearing house or the bankruptcy of any other counterparty. If a prime broker or counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding; if the Fund’s claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such prime broker or counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. In the case of any such bankruptcy, the Fund might recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to the Fund, only a pro rata share of all property available for distribution to all of the counterparty’s customers and counterparties. Such an amount could be less than the amounts owed to the Fund. It is possible that the Fund will obtain only a limited recovery or no recovery in such circumstances. Such events would have an adverse effect on the NAV of the Fund. Certain counterparties have general custody of, or title to, the Fund’s assets. The failure of any such counterparty could result in adverse consequences to the NAV of the Fund. Lender Liability Risk. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower; (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors; (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors; or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower, a court might elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Adviser will, at times, hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings. Borrower Fraud; Covenant-Lite Loans; Breach of Covenant. Distressed Debt, Litigation, Bankruptcy and Other Proceedings. From time to time, the Adviser will make investments for the Fund in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings. There are a number of significant risks when investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, and many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings which are beyond the control of the creditors. A bankruptcy filing could have adverse and permanent effects on a company. Further, if the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company might not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. In addition, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investment can be impacted adversely by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until it ultimately becomes effective. Certain claims, such as claims for taxes, wages and certain trade claims, could have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors and administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Certain investments of the Fund could be subject to federal bankruptcy law and state fraudulent transfer laws, which vary from state to state, if the debt obligations relating to such investments were issued with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or, in certain circumstances, if the issuer receives less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for issuing such debt obligations. If the debt is used for a buyout of Shareholders, this risk is greater than if the debt proceeds are used for day-to-day Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund could be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings could be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or recharacterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. Under Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended (the “Bankruptcy Code”), a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a company that is a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code could have its claims against the company subordinated or disallowed or could be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. Such claims could also be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the lender (e.g., the Fund) (i) is found to have engaged in other inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties, (ii) intentionally takes action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to other creditors, or (iv) uses its influence as a Shareholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower. The lender’s investment could also be recharacterized or treated as equity if it is deemed to be a contribution to capital, or if the lender attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the Bankruptcy Code. While the Fund attempts to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to the subordination, disallowance and liability described above, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able successfully to defend against them. From time to time, the Fund seeks to place its representatives on the boards of certain companies in which the Fund has invested. The Fund could also invest in companies in which KKR and/or other KKR clients or accounts will have representatives on the boards of such companies. While such representation could enable the Fund to enhance the sale value of its debt investments in a company, such involvement (and/or an equity stake by the Fund, KKR or other KKR clients or accounts in such company) could also prevent the Fund from freely disposing of its debt investments and could subject the Fund to additional liability or result in recharacterization of the Fund’s debt investments as equity. The Fund attempts to balance the advantages and disadvantages of such representation when deciding whether and how to exercise its rights with respect to such companies, but the exercise of such rights could produce adverse consequences in particular situations. Insofar as the Fund’s portfolio includes obligations of non-U.S. obligors, the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions could provide for avoidance remedies under factual circumstances similar to those described above or under different circumstances, with consequences that might or might not be analogous to those described above under U.S. federal or state laws. Changes in bankruptcy laws (including U.S. federal and state laws and applicable non-U.S. laws) could adversely impact the Fund’s securities. Convertible Securities Risk. non-convertible securities; (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases. The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also could have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income instrument. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. Although under normal market conditions longer-term convertible debt securities have greater yields than do shorter-term convertible debt securities of similar quality, they are subject to greater price fluctuations. When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. Non-Controlling Equity Investments; Investments in Equity Securities; Investments and Joint Ventures with Third Parties.non-controlling equity investments and investments in equity and equity-linked securities. The value of equity securities, including common stock, preferred stock and convertible stock, will fluctuate in response to factors affecting the particular company, as well as broader market and economic conditions. Prices of equity securities fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. Moreover, in the event of a company’s bankruptcy, claims of certain creditors, including bondholders, will have priority over claims of common stockholders and are likely to have varying types of priority over holders of preferred and convertible stock. These risks could increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. If the Fund’s investments in equity securities are incidental to the Fund’s investments in loans or fixed-income instruments, the Fund frequently could possess material non-public information about a Borrower or issuer as a result of its ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument of a Borrower or issuer. Because of prohibitions on trading in securities while in possession of material non-public information, the Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a security of the Borrower or issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous to do so. The Fund also could be exposed to risks that issuers will not fulfill contractual obligations such as, in the case of convertible instruments or private placements, delivering marketable common stock upon conversions of convertible instruments and registering restricted securities for public resale. With respect to non-controlling equity investments, the Fund could have a limited ability to protect its position in such investments. From time to time, the Fund will also co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, thereby acquiring jointly-controlled or non-controlling interests in certain investments in conjunction with participation by one or more third parties in such investment. As a co-investor, the Fund could have interests or objectives that are inconsistent with those of the third-party partners or co-venturers. Although the Fund might not have full control over these investments and, therefore, could have a limited ability to protect its position therein, the Adviser expects that appropriate rights will be negotiated to protect the Fund’s interests. Nevertheless, such investments can involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that a third-party partner or co-venturer could have financial difficulties resulting in a negative impact on such investment, could have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or could be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objective or the increased possibility of default by, diminished liquidity or insolvency of, the third party, due to a sustained or general economic downturn. Third-party partners or co-venturers could opt to liquidate an investment at a time during which such liquidation is not optimal for the Fund. In addition, the Fund could in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party partners or co-venturers. In those circumstances where such third parties involve a management group, such third parties could receive compensation arrangements relating to such investments, including incentive compensation arrangements. U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities, including those held by the Fund, which could have a material negative impact on the Fund. Non-U.S. Securities Risk.non-U.S. issuers or Borrowers. Such investments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in the United States or other developed countries, including risks relating to: (i) differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including potential price volatility in and relative illiquidity of some non-U.S. securities markets; the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices, and disclosure requirements; and less government supervision and regulation; (ii) other differences in law and regulation, including fewer investor protections, less stringent fiduciary duties, less developed bankruptcy laws and difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (iii) certain economic and political risks, including potential economic, political or social instability; exchange control regulations; restrictions on foreign investment and repatriation of capital (possibly requiring government approval); expropriation or confiscatory taxation; higher rates of inflation; and reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers, and/or distribution mechanisms; and (iv) the possible imposition of foreign taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to securities and other assets. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain non-U.S. securities or other instruments, and the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of non-U.S. securities or other instruments at inopportune times or prices. Because non-U.S. securities could trade on days when the Fund’s Shares are not priced, the Fund’s NAV could change at times when Shares cannot be sold. Emerging Markets Risk. Foreign Currency Risk. non-U.S. currencies. However, the books of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in currency values could adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of portfolio investments, interest and other revenue streams received by the Fund, gains and losses realized on the sale of portfolio investments, and the amount of distributions, if any, made by the Fund. In addition, the Fund will incur costs in converting investment proceeds from one currency to another. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into derivative transactions designed to reduce such currency risks. Furthermore, the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests are subject to risks relating to changes in currency values, as described above. If a portfolio company suffers adverse consequences as a result of such changes, the Fund could also be adversely affected as a result. Eurozone Risk. On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU. The impact of Brexit on the UK, the EU and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in increased volatility in foreign exchange markets and a sustained weakness in the British pound’s exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in portfolio companies and other issuers with significant operations and/or assets in the UK and the EU, any of which could be adversely impacted by the legal, tax and regulatory environment following Brexit, whether by increased costs or impediments to the implementation of their business plan. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty and volatility in financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the UK, the EU or elsewhere; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing from the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets. The effects on the UK, European and global economies of the exit of the UK (and/or other EU members) from the EU, or the exit of other EU members from the European monetary area and/or the redenomination of financial instruments from the Euro to a different currency, are difficult to predict and to protect fully against. Many of the foregoing risks are outside of the control of the Fund and the Adviser. These risks could affect the Fund, the Adviser and other service providers given economic, political and regulatory uncertainty created by Brexit. LIBOR Replacement and Floating Rate Benchmark Risk. Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become generally well-defined, there remains uncertainty regarding the nature of alternative floating rate benchmarks, the continued utilization of synthetic LIBOR and the remaining work to be done in connection with the LIBOR transition. LIBOR’s replacement could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. Developments around LIBOR’s replacement or the adoption of alternative floating rate benchmarks, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), reference rates based on SOFR, the Euro InterBank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”), and the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”), could negatively impact financial markets in general and present heightened risks, including with respect to the Fund’s investments. No single alternative floating rate benchmark has replaced LIBOR and no alternative floating rate benchmark (including SOFR, reference rates based on SOFR, EURIBOR and SONIA) performs in the same way that LIBOR did, which may further impact the Fund’s investments. As a result of this uncertainty and developments relating to the transition process, the Fund and its investments may be adversely affected. Legal and Regulatory Risk. non-U.S. securities and futures markets and investment funds such as the Fund has undergone substantial change in recent years, and such change could continue. It is unknown in what form, when and in what order significant regulatory initiatives will be implemented or the impact any such implemented regulations will have on the Fund, the markets or instruments in which the Fund invests or the counterparties with which the Fund conducts business. The effect of the Dodd-Frank Act or other regulatory change on the Fund, while impossible to predict, could be substantial, adverse and potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to implement its investment strategy or increase the costs of using certain instruments or make them less effective. In addition, the practice of short selling has been the subject of numerous temporary restrictions, and similar restrictions could be promulgated at any time. Such restrictions could adversely affect the returns of the Fund. Event Driven Investing. Valuation Risk. Liquidity Risk. Illiquid and restricted securities can be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid and restricted securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which could adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid and restricted securities are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets, and the Adviser’s judgment will play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities could restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. In order to dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, could have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period could elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that period. Some loans and fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and could be subject to restrictions on resale. Loans and fixed-income instruments might not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market might exist for certain of the loans and fixed-income instruments in which the Fund invests. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some loans and fixed-income instruments could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition, events occurring subsequent to an investment by the Fund, including, for example, withdrawals, changes in market, political or other relevant circumstances, could cause some loans and fixed-income instruments that were liquid at the time of acquisition to become illiquid or otherwise cause the Fund’s concentration in illiquid investments to increase. Inflation/Deflation Risk. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation could have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and could make issuer defaults more likely, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio. Conflicts of Interest Risk. In addition, the Adviser’s investment professionals will, from time to time, acquire confidential or material, non-public information concerning an entity in which the Fund has invested, or propose to invest, and the possession of such information generally will limit the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell particular securities of such entity on behalf of the Fund, thereby limiting the investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. In addition, holdings in the securities of an issuer by the Adviser or its affiliates will affect the ability of the Fund to make certain acquisitions of, or enter into certain transactions with, such issuer. From time to time, broker-dealers and investment advisers affiliated with the Adviser will also acquire confidential or material non-public information concerning entities in which the Fund has invested or proposes to invest, which could restrict the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell (or otherwise transact in) securities of such entities, thus limiting investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest.” Uncertain Tax Treatment. interest, original issue discount (“OID”) or market discount, when and to what extent deductions can be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other matters are addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to ensure that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax. Complex Transactions/Contingent Liabilities/Guarantees and Indemnities. Availability of Investment Opportunities; Competition. The Fund competes for investment opportunities with other investment companies and private investment vehicles, as well as the public debt markets, individuals and financial institutions, including investment banks, commercial banks and insurance companies, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, hedge funds and other institutional investors, investing directly or through affiliates. Over the past several years, a number of such investment vehicles have been formed (and many such existing entities have grown in size). Additional entities with similar investment objectives could be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. It is possible that competition for appropriate investment opportunities could increase, thus reducing the number of opportunities available to the Fund. Such supply-side competition could adversely affect the terms upon which investments can be made by the Fund. Moreover, transaction sponsors unaffiliated with the Fund or KKR could be reluctant to present investment opportunities to the Fund because of its affiliation with KKR. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to locate and complete investments which satisfy the Fund’s primary investment objective or to realize upon their values. Dependence on Key Personnel Risk. The Adviser’s principals and other key personnel possess substantial experience and expertise and have strong business relationships with members of the business community. The loss of these personnel could jeopardize the Adviser’s relationships with members of the business community and could result in fewer investment opportunities for the Fund. For example, if any of the Adviser’s principals were to join or form a competing firm, the Fund’s results and financial condition could suffer. Material Risks of Significant Methods of Analysis. investigations. As a result, the due diligence process can at times be subjective with respect to companies for which only limited information is available. Accordingly, the Adviser cannot be certain that due diligence investigations with respect to any investment opportunity for the Fund will reveal or highlight all relevant facts (including fraud) that could be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity, or that its due diligence investigations will result in investments for the Fund being successful. There can be no assurance that the projected results of an investment opportunity will be achieved for the Fund, and actual results could vary significantly from the projections. General economic, natural, and other conditions, which are not predictable, can have an adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. Assumptions or projections about asset lives; the stability, growth, or predictability of costs; demand; or revenues generated by an investment or other factors associated therewith could, due to various risks and uncertainties including those described herein, differ materially from actual results. Market Developments. For example, certain Borrowers could, due to macroeconomic conditions, be unable to repay secured loans. A Borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of the secured loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the Borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under its debt securities. The Fund will, from time to time, incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting Borrower. In addition, if one of the Borrowers were to commence bankruptcy proceedings, even though the Fund will have structured its interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize the Fund’s debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of its claim to that of other creditors. Adverse economic conditions also could decrease the value of collateral securing some of the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. A recession could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and the value of the Fund’s assets. These developments could increase the volatility of the value of securities owned by the Fund. These developments also could make it more difficult for the Fund to accurately value its securities or to sell its securities on a timely basis. These developments could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to use leverage for investment purposes and increase the cost of such leverage, which would reduce returns to the holders of shares. These developments also could adversely affect the broader economy, which in turn could adversely affect the ability of issuers of securities owned by the Fund to make payments of principal and interest when due, leading to lower credit ratings of the issuer and increased defaults by the issuer. Such developments could, in turn, reduce the value of securities owned by the Fund and adversely affect the NAV and market price of the Fund’s shares. Market Disruptions from Natural Disasters or Geopolitical Risks. Government Intervention in the Financial Markets. similar actions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations could take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities or Structured Products in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities or Structured Products, in ways that are unforeseeable. Borrowers under secured loans held by the Fund could seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation could also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Adviser monitors developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objective, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. Portfolio Turnover Risk. Anti-Takeover Provisions. open-end status. These provisions could deprive the holders of shares of opportunities to sell their shares at a premium over the then current market price of the shares or at NAV. See “Description of Capital Structure—Anti-Takeover and Certain Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.” Duration Risk. Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status. source-of-income, tax-exempt income (if any) to its Shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions in order to re-qualify as a RIC. RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income.Cybersecurity. Private and Middle Market Companies.
Risks Arising from Purchases of Debt on a Secondary Basis. investments held by the Fund, the terms of the investments could provide portfolio companies substantial flexibility in determining compliance with such covenants. In addition, the terms on which debt is traded on the secondary market could represent a combination of the general state of the market for such investments and either favorable or unfavorable assessments of particular investments by the sellers thereof.
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Effects of Leverage [Text Block] | Effects of Leverage The following table is designed to illustrate the effects of leverage on Share total return, assuming hypothetical annual investment portfolio total returns, net of expenses (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of –10%, –5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further assumes that the Fund uses borrowings representing 33.3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (which includes the amounts of leverage obtained through such borrowings) and a projected effective annual rate of interest on the borrowings of 7.2%.
Share Total Return is composed of two elements: the Shares dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying dividends or interest on its leverage) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table above assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0% the Fund must assume that the interest it receives on its debt security investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments. If the Fund uses leverage, the amount of fees paid to the Adviser for its services will be higher than if the Fund does not use leverage because the fees paid are calculated based on Managed Assets, which includes assets purchased with leverage. Therefore, the Adviser has a financial incentive to use leverage, which creates a conflict of interest between the Adviser and Shareholders, because only the Shareholders would bear the fees and expenses incurred through the Fund’s use of leverage. See “Conflicts of Interest.” The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including among other things, the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. See “Summary of Fund Expenses.”
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Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block] | The following table is designed to illustrate the effects of leverage on Share total return, assuming hypothetical annual investment portfolio total returns, net of expenses (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of –10%, –5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further assumes that the Fund uses borrowings representing 33.3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (which includes the amounts of leverage obtained through such borrowings) and a projected effective annual rate of interest on the borrowings of 7.2%.
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Return at Minus Ten [Percent] | (18.56%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return at Minus Five [Percent] | (11.06%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return at Zero [Percent] | (3.56%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return at Plus Five [Percent] | 3.94% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] | 11.44% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effects of Leverage, Purpose [Text Block] | The following table is designed to illustrate the effects of leverage on Share total return, assuming hypothetical annual investment portfolio total returns, net of expenses (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of –10%, –5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further assumes that the Fund uses borrowings representing 33.3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (which includes the amounts of leverage obtained through such borrowings) and a projected effective annual rate of interest on the borrowings of 7.2%.
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Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock [Table Text Block] | DESCRIPTION OF SHARES Shares The Fund is a statutory trust organized under the laws of Delaware pursuant to the Declaration of Trust dated December 13, 2019. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Shares. Each Share has one vote and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of this offering, will be fully paid and non-assessable. The holders of Shares will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund unless all accrued interest, fees and dividends, if any, with respect to the Fund’s leverage have been paid, unless certain asset coverage tests with respect to the leverage employed by the Fund are satisfied after giving effect to the distributions and unless certain other requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating any preferred shares issued by the Fund have been met. All Shares are equal as to dividends, assets and voting privileges and have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights. The Fund will send annual and semi-annual reports, including financial statements, to all holders of its Shares. Any additional offerings of Shares will require approval by the Board. Any additional offering of Shares will be subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, which provides that Shares may not be issued at a price below the then current NAV, exclusive of the sales load, except in connection with an offering to existing holders of Shares or with the consent of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. The Fund’s NAV per Share generally increases when interest rates decline and decreases when interest rates rise. However, because the secured loans that the Fund invests in may be floating rate in nature, the Fund’s NAV per Share may be less affected by interest rate fluctuations than if it were investing in other forms of securities. The Fund’s NAV will be reduced immediately following the offering of Shares by the amount of the sales load and the amount of the organizational costs and offering expenses paid by the Fund. See “Summary of Fund Expenses.” Preferred Shares The Fund’s Declaration of Trust provides that the Board of the Fund may authorize and issue preferred shares, with rights as determined by the Board, without the approval of the holders of Shares. Holders of Shares have no preemptive right to purchase any preferred shares that might be issued. The Fund may elect to issue preferred shares as part of a leveraging strategy. The terms of any preferred shares, including dividend rate, liquidation preference and redemption provisions restrictions on the declaration of dividends, maintenance of asset ratios and restrictions while dividends are in arrears will be determined by the Board, subject to applicable law and the Declaration of Trust. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the holders of any preferred shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred shares will not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund. The 1940 Act, among other things, requires that the holders of outstanding preferred shares, voting separately as a single class, have the right to elect at least two trustees at all times. The remaining trustees will be elected by holders of Shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the holders of any preferred shares have the right to elect a majority of the trustees of the Fund at any time two years’ dividends on any preferred shares are unpaid. The discussion above describes the possible offering of preferred shares by the Fund. If the Board determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms of the preferred shares may be the same as, or different from, the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the terms of the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Board, without the approval of the holders of Shares, may authorize an offering of preferred shares or may determine not to authorize such an offering, and may fix the terms of the preferred shares to be offered. |
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Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block] | Outstanding Securities The following table sets forth information about the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of December 31, 2024:
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Repurchase Offers Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Repurchase Offers Risk. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Board has authority to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, but is not obligated to do so. In the event that the Board determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis. In that case, Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, Shareholders could be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular month, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. Between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Shares is determined, the Fund is subject to market and other risks and the NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer could decline. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund is generally a taxable event to Shareholders.
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Investment and Market Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Investment and Market Risk. The Fund is materially affected by market, economic and political conditions and events, such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which it invests or operates, including factors affecting interest rates, the availability of credit, currency exchange rates and trade barriers. For example, COVID-19 adversely impacted, and any future outbreaks could adversely impact, the markets and economy in general, including the companies in which the Fund invests, and could harm Fund performance. Epidemics and pandemics have and may further result in, among other things, travel restrictions, closure of international borders, certain businesses and securities markets, restrictions on securities trading activities, quarantines, supply chain disruptions and reduced consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. Market, economic and political conditions and events are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. Ongoing events in the subprime mortgage market and other areas of the fixed income markets have caused significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility in the leveraged loan and bond markets, as well as in the wider global financial markets. To the extent portfolio companies and other issuers of the Fund’s portfolio investments participate in or have exposure to such markets, the results of their operations could be adversely affected. In addition, to the extent that such economic and market events and conditions reoccur, this would have a further adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally. Global economic conditions could adversely impact the financial resources and credit quality of corporate and other borrowers in which the Fund invests and result in the inability of such borrowers to make principal and interest payments on, or refinance, outstanding debt when due. In the event of such defaults, the Fund could suffer a partial or total loss of their investment in such borrowers, which would, in turn, have an adverse effect on the Fund’s returns. Such economic and market events and conditions also could restrict the ability of the Fund to sell or liquidate investments at favorable times or for favorable prices (although such events and conditions would not necessarily foreclose the Fund’s ability to hold such investments until maturity). In particular, the Fund’s investment strategies rely, in part, on the continued stabilization and improvement of the conditions in the global economy and markets generally and credit markets specifically, and it is possible that the value of the Fund’s investments will not generate expected current proceeds or appreciate as anticipated and could suffer a loss. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct, and actual events and circumstances can vary significantly. The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution could cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and could adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis.
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Illiquid and Long Term Investments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Illiquid and Long-Term Investments Risk. Although investments by the Fund are expected to generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur only upon the partial or complete repayment or disposition of such investment, as to which there can be no certainty. The Fund’s investments are speculative in nature and, particularly where leverage is used by the Fund, there can be no assurance that current income received by the Fund will be sufficient to service the Fund’s debt or that any investor will receive a return of his or her invested capital or any distribution from the Fund. While an investment can be sold or repaid at any time, this will occur typically a number of years after the investment is made, and investors should expect that they will not receive a return of their capital for a long period of time even if the Fund’s investments prove successful. Certain investments by the Fund could be in securities that are or become publicly traded and are therefore subject to the risks inherent in investing in public companies (including new issues of securities). These factors are outside the Adviser’s control and could adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Fund’s investments and reduce the ability of the Fund to make attractive new investments. In addition, in some cases the Fund could be prohibited by contract or other limitations from selling such securities for a period so that the Fund is unable to take advantage of favorable market prices. The Fund will likely not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public companies, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as with investments in private companies. Furthermore, it can be expected from time to time that the Fund will be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in public or private companies because KKR could be deemed to have material,
non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to make investments in public companies that the Adviser otherwise deems appropriate or, if it does, as to the amount it will so invest. Moreover, the inability to sell investments in public or private companies in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the investment results of the Fund. The Fund also invests in 144A securities, which investment is likely to raise many of the same issues and risks discussed above. It is possible that the Adviser, in its sole discretion, will decline to receive material nonpublic information in respect of a public company in which the Fund has invested that would otherwise be available to it to avoid being restricted from trading in securities issued by such public company or to avoid the Adviser or its affiliates being so restricted on behalf of other funds, vehicles or accounts sponsored, managed or advised by KKR or any of its affiliates. See “Conflicts of Interest.” |
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Fixed Income Instruments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Fixed-Income Instruments Risk. From time to time, the obligor of a fixed-income instrument will not be able or willing to pay interest or to repay principal when due in accordance with the terms of the associated agreement. An obligor’s willingness and ability to pay interest or to repay principal due in a timely manner will be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow. Commercial bank lenders could be able to contest payments to the holders of other debt obligations of the same obligor in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.
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Interest Rate Risks [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Interest Rate Risk. non-U.S. financial markets. The Fund expects that it will periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. In a changing interest rate environment, the Adviser might not be able to manage this risk effectively. If the Adviser is unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, the Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. |
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Senior Loans Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Senior Loans Risk. Senior Loans usually include restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund will, from time to time, have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans upon demand by the borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, although having a stated term, can be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments will be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a Senior Loan to be shorter than its stated maturity. Senior Loans typically are be secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund invests in Senior Loans that are secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral could decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. Senior Loans generally are not registered with SEC or any state securities commission and are not listed on any national securities exchange. There is less readily available or reliable information about most Senior Loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the Securities Act or registered under the Exchange Act. No active trading market exists for some Senior Loans, and some Senior Loans are subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which could impair the Fund’s ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, at times, the Fund will not be able to readily dispose of its Senior Loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund will, from time to time, have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of Senior Loans, the Fund’s yield could be lower. See “Risks—Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk.” If legislation or government regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of Senior Loans for investment by the Fund will be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain Borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. See “Investment Objectives and Investment Strategies—Portfolio Composition—Senior Loans” and “Risks—Senior Loans Risk.”
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Credit Risks [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Credit Risk. non-payment of scheduled interest or principal by the borrowers with respect to such investments. Such non-payment would likely result in a reduction of income to the Fund and a reduction in the value of the debt investments experiencing non-payment. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which exceeds the principal amount of the investments at the time of initial investment. There can be no assurance, though, that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment will be released without the consent of the Fund. The Fund, from time to time, also invests in high yield instruments and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than Senior Loans. The Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, could be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of more senior creditors. Certain of these investments will have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In this case, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment could be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable could operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, could require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position or could otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress.
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Leverage Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Leverage Risk. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally may not (1) borrow money in an amount greater than 33 1/3% of the Fund’s Managed Assets or (2) issue preferred shares in an amount, when aggregated with any indebtedness outstanding, greater than 50% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. The SEC rule related to the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements and certain other transactions by registered investment companies requires that if the Fund trades derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions), it must do so subject to value-at-risk non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security, provided that (i) the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). The Fund may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Fund treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, the Fund will be permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Fund reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to use derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of its investment strategies. Use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased income and return for Shareholders but, at the same time, creates risks, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be magnified if the Fund uses leverage. In particular, leverage can magnify interest rate risk, which is the risk that the prices of portfolio securities will fall (or rise) if market interest rates for those types of securities rise (or fall). As a result, leverage can cause greater changes in the Fund’s NAV, which will be borne entirely by the Fund’s Shareholders. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund will, from time to time, be subject to investment restrictions of one or more NRSROs and/or credit facility lenders as a result of its use of financial leverage. These restrictions could impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or portfolio requirements will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund will not be able to use as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes it issues or credit facility it enters into would contain covenants that, among other things, impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board and Shareholders to change fundamental investment policies. The costs of a financial leverage program (including the costs of offering preferred shares and notes) will be borne entirely by Shareholders and consequently will result in a reduction of the NAV of the shares. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid by the Fund for investment advisory services will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the investment advisory fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets, which includes proceeds from (and assets subject to) any credit facility, margin facility, any issuance of preferred shares or notes, any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or similar transactions. This will create a conflict of interest between the Adviser, on the one hand, and Shareholders, on the other hand. To seek to monitor this potential conflict, the Board intends to periodically review the Fund’s use of leverage, including its impact on Fund performance and on the Adviser’s fees. See “Conflicts of Interest” and “Risks—Conflicts of Interest Risk.” The Fund can also offset derivative positions against one another or against other assets to manage the effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. In addition, to the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund could perform as if it were leveraged. The Fund’s use of leverage could create the opportunity for a higher return for Shareholders but would also result in special risks for Shareholders and can magnify the effect of any losses. If the income and gains earned on the securities and investments purchased with leverage proceeds are greater than the cost of the leverage, the return on the shares will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income and gains from the securities and investments purchased with such proceeds do not cover the cost of leverage, the return on the shares will be less than if leverage had not been used. There is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful.
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Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Subordinated and Unsecured or Partially Secured Loans Risk. |
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Mezzanine Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Mezzanine Securities Risk. (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. |
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Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Below Investment Grade Instruments Risk. over-the-counter |
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Stressed and Distressed Investments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Stressed and Distressed Investments Risk. |
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Risk of Investments in Highly Leveraged Companies [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investments in Highly Leveraged Companies. in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged companies. If an issuer of the Fund’s portfolio investments cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the issuer could default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring of the company’s capital structure or liquidation of the company. The debt investments acquired by the Fund generally are the most junior in what is typically a complex capital structure, and thus subject to the greatest risk of loss. Furthermore, to the extent issuers in which the Fund is invested have become insolvent, the Fund could determine, in cooperation with other debtholders or on its own, to engage, at the Fund’s expense, in whole or in part, counsel and other advisors in connection therewith. In addition to leverage in the capital structure of the issuer, the Fund can incur leverage. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.”
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Risk of Investments in Companies in Regulated Industries [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investments in Companies in Regulated Industries. |
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Risk of Investments in the Airline Industry [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investments in the Airline Industry. COVID-19 outbreak and related travel restrictions. Additionally, the airline industry is highly sensitive to general economic trends, and any |
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Risk of Investments in the Shipping Industry [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investments in the Shipping Industry. non-U.S. or acts of piracy or terrorist attacks and severe
“Risks—Non-U.S. Securities Risks”); (iii) labor-relatedCOVID-19 outbreak. |
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Energy Related Investments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Energy-Related Investments Risk. Ordinary operation or the occurrence of an accident, with respect to an energy asset, could cause major environmental damage, which could result in significant financial distress to such asset. Certain environmental laws and regulations require that an owner or operator of an energy asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. As a result, certain of the Fund’s investments in the energy sector could be exposed to substantial risk of loss from environmental claims. Furthermore, changes in environmental laws or regulations or the environmental condition of an energy investment could create liabilities that did not exist at the time of the investment by the Fund and that could not have been foreseen. Community and environmental groups might protest about the development or operation of energy assets, which could induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. New and more stringent environmental or health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements, or stricter interpretations of current laws, regulations or requirements, could impose substantial additional costs on the issuer of a portfolio investment. Some of the most onerous environmental requirements regulate air emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; these requirements particularly affect companies in the power and energy industry. Additionally, for example, the
COVID-19 outbreak and the resulting slowdown in economic activity reduced the demand for various natural resources, including oil, and increased the price volatility of natural resources and companies within the energy industry. Companies in the energy industry were adversely impacted by the reduced demand and by price competition among key oil producing countries. |
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Real Estate Investments Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Real Estate Investments Risk. Real estate assets generally will be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related assets and/or risks incident to the making of nonrecourse mortgage loans secured by real estate, including risks associated with both the domestic and international general economic climates; local real estate conditions; risks due to dependence on cash flow; risks and operating problems arising out of the absence of certain construction materials; changes in supply of, or demand for, competing properties in an area (as a result, for instance, of overbuilding); the financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties; changes in availability of debt financing; energy and supply shortages; changes in the tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws and regulations; various uninsured or uninsurable risks; natural disasters; and the ability of the Fund or third-party borrowers to manage the real properties. The Fund could incur the burdens of ownership of real property, which include the paying of expenses and taxes, maintaining such property and any improvements thereon, and ultimately disposing of such property. The Fund invests in a real estate asset on a passive basis, giving a third-party operating partner and/or property manager a large degree of authority and responsibility for daily management of the assets and, therefore, will, in large part, be dependent on the ability of third parties to successfully operate the underlying real estate assets. There is no assurance that there will be a ready market for resale of investments because investments in real estate generally are not liquid; holding periods accordingly are difficult to predict, particularly as business plans can be revised to adapt to changing economic, business and financial conditions. Significant expenditures associated with real estate assets, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the assets. The insurance coverage applicable to real estate assets contains policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties, business activities and markets. There could be certain losses, including losses from floods and losses from earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that are not generally insured against or that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed to be economically feasible or prudent to do so. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs with respect to a real estate asset, the Fund could experience a significant loss and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with the property. Under various U.S., state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner, developer or operator of real estate could be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances at, on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation of such substances could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of such hazardous substances. The Fund attempts to assess such risks as part of their due diligence activities but cannot give any assurance that such conditions do not exist or might not arise in the future. The presence of such substances on the real estate assets could adversely affect the ability to sell such investments or to borrow using such assets as collateral. Certain loans acquired or made by the Fund could be secured by real estate. To the extent the Fund needs to foreclose on such loans, the Fund could, directly or indirectly, own such real estate and would be subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate. From time to time, real estate loans or participation interests therein acquired by the Fund will at the time of their acquisition be, or may become after acquisition, non-performing for a wide variety of reasons. Such non-performing real estate loans could require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which could entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write down of the principal of such loans. However, even if a restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that upon maturity of such real estate loan, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available. Purchases of participations in real estate loans raise many of the same risks as investments in real estate loans and also carry risks of illiquidity and lack of control. The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against the holder of a real estate loan including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action. In some jurisdictions, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to conclude. During the foreclosure proceedings, a borrower could have the ability to file for bankruptcy, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and could result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management of the property.
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Short Selling Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Short Selling Risk. Until the Fund replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it could be required to post cash or liquid assets with a broker. Generally, securities posted with a broker cannot be sold. The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral might also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances, the Fund will not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral and could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. It is likely that the Fund could obtain only a limited recovery or could obtain no recovery in these circumstances. Because losses on short sales arise from increases in the value of the security sold short, such losses are theoretically unlimited. By contrast, a loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security and is limited by the fact that a security’s value cannot decrease below zero. In addition, engaging in short selling could limit the Fund’s ability to fully benefit from increases in the fixed-income markets. By investing the proceeds received from selling securities short, the Fund could be deemed to be employing a form of leverage, which creates special risks. The use of leverage would increase the Fund’s exposure to long securities positions and make any change in the Fund’s NAV greater than it would be without the use of leverage. This could result in increased volatility of returns. There is no guarantee that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund might not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy.
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Prepayment Risks [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Prepayment Risk. |
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Credit Derivatives Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Credit Derivatives Risk. in its forecasts of default risks, liquidity risk, counterparty risk, market spreads or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Adviser is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that a credit derivative position will correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being protected. The Fund’s risk of loss in a credit derivative transaction varies with the form of the transaction. For example, if the Fund sells protection under a credit default swap, it would collect periodic fees from the buyer and would profit if the credit of the underlying issuer or reference entity remains stable or improves while the swap is outstanding, but the Fund would be required to pay an agreed upon amount to the buyer (which could be the entire notional amount of the swap) if the reference entity defaults on the reference security. Credit default swap agreements involve greater risks than if the Fund invested in the reference obligation directly.
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Derivatives Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Derivatives Risk. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage, which magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. The counterparty risk for cleared derivative transactions is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivatives because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the clearing house, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Fund. Exchange trading will generally increase market transparency and liquidity but could cause the Fund to incur increased expenses. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of a clearing house and by a clearing member could be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar OTC derivative transaction. However, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared OTC derivative transactions which could result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared OTC derivative transactions. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund invests will, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Fund’s derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which could result in lost opportunities for gain. OTC derivatives generally are more difficult to purchase, sell or value than other investments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets can experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets can be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract could be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund would continue to be required to make cash payments of variation (or mark-to-market) Derivatives transactions also are subject to operational risk, including from documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error, and legal risk, including risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract. The derivatives markets have become subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. In particular, in the United States the Dodd-Frank Act regulates the OTC derivatives market by, among other things, requiring many derivative transactions to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expanding entity registration requirements, imposing business conduct requirements on dealers and requiring banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. Rulemaking proposed or implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or could change availability of certain investments. Regulation of the derivatives market presents additional risks to the Fund and may limit the ability of the Fund to use, and the availability or performance of such instruments. For instance, under Rule 18f-4, a fund’s derivatives exposure is limited through a value-at-risk 18f-4. Rule 18f-4 could limit the Fund’s ability to engage in certain derivatives and other transactions and/or increase the costs of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business. The Fund’s investments in regulated derivatives instruments, such as swaps, futures and options, will be subject to maximum position limits established by the CFTC and U.S. and foreign futures exchanges. Under the exchange rules all accounts owned or managed by advisers, such as the Adviser, their principals and affiliates would be combined for position limit purposes. In order to comply with the position limits established by the CFTC and the relevant exchanges, the Adviser could in the future reduce the size of positions that would otherwise be taken for the Fund or not trade in certain markets on behalf of the Fund in order to avoid exceeding such limits. A violation of position limits by the Adviser could lead to regulatory action resulting in mandatory liquidation of certain positions held by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will liquidate positions held on behalf of all the Adviser’s accounts in a proportionate manner or at favorable prices, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. Such policies could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund.
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Structured Products Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Structured Products Risk. Structured Products are subject to the normal interest rate, default and other risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities. Additionally, the risks of an investment in a Structured Product depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the Structured Product or other asset-backed security in which the Fund invests. The Fund generally has the right to receive payments only from the Structured Product, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the underlying collateral assets. Such collateral could be insufficient to meet payment obligations and the quality of the collateral might decline in value or default. Also, the class of the Structured Product could be subordinate to other classes, values could be volatile, and disputes with the issuer could produce unexpected investment results. While certain Structured Products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in Structured Products generally pay their share of the Structured Product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying Structured Products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of Structured Products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a Structured Product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer could be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which could adversely affect the value of the Structured Products owned by the Fund. Structured Products issue classes or “tranches” that offer various maturity, risk and yield characteristics. Losses caused by defaults on underlying assets are borne first by the holders of subordinate tranches. If there are defaults or the Structured Product’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to more senior tranches take precedence over those of subordinate tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a Structured Product typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities and could be investment grade. Despite the protection from the subordinate tranches, more senior tranches of structured products can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults as well as investor aversion to Structured Product securities as a class. In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities discussed herein, Structured Products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to the risk that: (i) distributions from collateral securities might not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the collateral could default or decline in value or be downgraded, if rated by a NRSRO; (iii) the Fund is likely to invest in tranches of Structured Products that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; (v) the investment return achieved by the Fund could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) there will be no readily available secondary market for Structured Products; (vii) technical defaults, such as coverage test failures, could result in forced liquidation of the collateral pool; and (viii) the Structured Product’s manager could perform poorly. Typically, Structured Products are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws and can be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. As a result, investments in Structured Products could be characterized as illiquid investments and could have limited independent pricing transparency. However, an active dealer market could exist for Structured Products that qualify under the Rule 144A “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers, and such Structured Products could be characterized by the Fund as liquid investments.
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PIK Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | PIK Risk. |
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Preferred Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Preferred Securities Risk. |
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Asset Backed Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Asset-Backed Securities Risk. |
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Mortgage Backed Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities can be issued by governments or their agencies and instrumentalities, such as, in the United States, Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They can also be issued by private issuers but represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by a government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities can be issued by private issuers and be collateralized by securities without a government guarantee. Such securities usually have some form of private credit enhancement. Pools created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments. Notwithstanding that such pools could be supported by various forms of private insurance or guarantees, there can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors will be able to meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. From time to time, the Fund invests in private mortgage pass-through securities without such insurance or guarantees. Any mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are likely to have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. In addition, such securities are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that would generally apply to securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, thereby increasing their credit risk. The risk of
non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments include a general economic downturn, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages. |
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Repurchase Agreements Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Repurchase Agreements Risk. |
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls Risk. |
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Swap Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Swap Risk. The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments ultimately will require the clearing and exchange-trading of many OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC defined as “swaps.” Mandatory exchange- trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC determination of contracts for central clearing. The Adviser will continue to monitor these developments, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swap agreements. The swap market has matured in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid; however there is no guarantee that the swap market will continue to provide liquidity, and it could be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. The absence of liquidity could also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The inability to close derivative positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates or currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. In a total return swap, the Fund pays the counterparty a floating short-term interest rate and receives in exchange the total return of underlying loans or debt securities. The Fund bears the risk of default on the underlying loans or debt securities, based on the notional amount of the swap and, therefore, incurs a form of leverage. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation.
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Options and Futures Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Options and Futures Risk. so-called “synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible financial intermediaries. Options transactions can be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options can also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund could have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options can also include options on baskets of specific securities. Options and futures also are subject to derivatives risks more generally. See “Risks – Derivatives Risk.” The Fund will, from time to time, purchase call and put options on specific securities and write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. The Fund might close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts and options involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract or option at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading can be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. A market could become unavailable if one or more exchanges were to stop trading options or it could become unavailable with respect to options on a particular underlying security if the exchanges stopped trading options on that security. In addition, a market could become temporarily unavailable if unusual events (e.g., volume exceeds clearing capability) were to interrupt normal exchange operations. If an options market were to become illiquid or otherwise unavailable, an option holder would be able to realize profits or limit losses only by exercising and an options seller or writer would remain obligated until it is assigned an exercise or until the option expires. If trading is interrupted in an underlying security, the trading of options on that security is usually halted as well. Holders and writers of options will then be unable to close out their positions until options trading resumes, and they could be faced with considerable losses if the security reopens at a substantially different price. Even if options trading is halted, holders of options will generally be able to exercise them. However, if trading has also been halted in the underlying security, option holders face the risk of exercising options without knowing the security’s current market value. If exercises do occur when trading of the underlying security is halted, the party required to deliver the underlying security could be unable to obtain it, which could necessitate a postponed settlement and/or the fixing of cash settlement prices.
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Investment Companies Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Investment Companies Risk. open-end investment companies (i.e., mutual funds), and other closed-end funds. Investments in ETFs, open-end investment companies, and closed-end funds are subject to a variety of risks, including all of the risks of a direct investment in the underlying securities that the ETF, open-end investment company, or closed-end fund holds. ETFs are also subject to certain additional risks, including, without limitation, the risk that their prices might not correlate perfectly with changes in the prices of the underlying securities they are designed to track, and the risk of trading in an ETF halting due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the exchange upon which the ETF trades. Shares of ETFs and closed-end funds at times trade at a premium or discount to their NAV because the supply and demand in the market for their shares at any point in time might not be identical to the supply and demand in the market for their underlying securities. Some ETFs and closed-end funds are highly leveraged and therefore would subject the Fund to the additional risks associated with leverage. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” In addition, the Fund will bear, along with other Shareholders of an investment company, its pro rata portion of the investment company’s expenses, including management fees. Accordingly, in addition to bearing their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, Shareholders also indirectly bear similar expenses of an investment company. |
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Counterparty and Prime Brokerage Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Counterparty and Prime Brokerage Risk. sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced such entities’ capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using derivatives, swaps or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships. The Fund is subject to the risk of loss of Fund assets on deposit or being settled or cleared with a broker in the event of the broker’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy of any clearing broker through which the broker executes and clears transactions on behalf of the Fund, the bankruptcy of an exchange clearing house or the bankruptcy of any other counterparty. If a prime broker or counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund could experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding; if the Fund’s claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such prime broker or counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. In the case of any such bankruptcy, the Fund might recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to the Fund, only a pro rata share of all property available for distribution to all of the counterparty’s customers and counterparties. Such an amount could be less than the amounts owed to the Fund. It is possible that the Fund will obtain only a limited recovery or no recovery in such circumstances. Such events would have an adverse effect on the NAV of the Fund. Certain counterparties have general custody of, or title to, the Fund’s assets. The failure of any such counterparty could result in adverse consequences to the NAV of the Fund. |
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Lender Liability Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Lender Liability Risk. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower; (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors; (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors; or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a Borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such Borrower, a court might elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Adviser will, at times, hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings.
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Borrower Fraud CovenantLite Loans Breach of Covenant [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Borrower Fraud; Covenant-Lite Loans; Breach of Covenant. |
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Distressed Debt, Litigation, Bankruptcy and Other Proceedings [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Distressed Debt, Litigation, Bankruptcy and Other Proceedings. From time to time, the Adviser will make investments for the Fund in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings. There are a number of significant risks when investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, and many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings which are beyond the control of the creditors. A bankruptcy filing could have adverse and permanent effects on a company. Further, if the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company might not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. In addition, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investment can be impacted adversely by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until it ultimately becomes effective. Certain claims, such as claims for taxes, wages and certain trade claims, could have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors and administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Certain investments of the Fund could be subject to federal bankruptcy law and state fraudulent transfer laws, which vary from state to state, if the debt obligations relating to such investments were issued with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or, in certain circumstances, if the issuer receives less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for issuing such debt obligations. If the debt is used for a buyout of Shareholders, this risk is greater than if the debt proceeds are used for day-to-day Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund could be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings could be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or recharacterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. Under Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended (the “Bankruptcy Code”), a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a company that is a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code could have its claims against the company subordinated or disallowed or could be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. Such claims could also be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the lender (e.g., the Fund) (i) is found to have engaged in other inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties, (ii) intentionally takes action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to other creditors, or (iv) uses its influence as a Shareholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower. The lender’s investment could also be recharacterized or treated as equity if it is deemed to be a contribution to capital, or if the lender attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the Bankruptcy Code. While the Fund attempts to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to the subordination, disallowance and liability described above, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able successfully to defend against them. From time to time, the Fund seeks to place its representatives on the boards of certain companies in which the Fund has invested. The Fund could also invest in companies in which KKR and/or other KKR clients or accounts will have representatives on the boards of such companies. While such representation could enable the Fund to enhance the sale value of its debt investments in a company, such involvement (and/or an equity stake by the Fund, KKR or other KKR clients or accounts in such company) could also prevent the Fund from freely disposing of its debt investments and could subject the Fund to additional liability or result in recharacterization of the Fund’s debt investments as equity. The Fund attempts to balance the advantages and disadvantages of such representation when deciding whether and how to exercise its rights with respect to such companies, but the exercise of such rights could produce adverse consequences in particular situations. Insofar as the Fund’s portfolio includes obligations of
non-U.S. obligors, the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions could provide for avoidance remedies under factual circumstances similar to those described above or under different circumstances, with consequences that might or might not be analogous to those described above under U.S. federal or state laws. Changes in bankruptcy laws (including U.S. federal and state laws and applicable non-U.S. laws) could adversely impact the Fund’s securities. |
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Convertible Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Convertible Securities Risk. non-convertible securities; (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases. The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also could have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income instrument. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. Although under normal market conditions longer-term convertible debt securities have greater yields than do shorter-term convertible debt securities of similar quality, they are subject to greater price fluctuations.
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WhenIssued Securities and Forward Commitments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. |
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Non Controlling Equity Investments Investments in Equity Securities Investments and Joint Ventures with Third Parties [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Non-Controlling Equity Investments; Investments in Equity Securities; Investments and Joint Ventures with Third Parties.non-controlling equity investments and investments in equity and equity-linked securities. The value of equity securities, including common stock, preferred stock and convertible stock, will fluctuate in response to factors affecting the particular company, as well as broader market and economic conditions. Prices of equity securities fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. Moreover, in the event of a company’s bankruptcy, claims of certain creditors, including bondholders, will have priority over claims of common stockholders and are likely to have varying types of priority over holders of preferred and convertible stock. These risks could increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV. If the Fund’s investments in equity securities are incidental to the Fund’s investments in loans or fixed-income instruments, the Fund frequently could possess material non-public information about a Borrower or issuer as a result of its ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument of a Borrower or issuer. Because of prohibitions on trading in securities while in possession of material non-public information, the Fund might be unable to enter into a transaction in a security of the Borrower or issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous to do so. The Fund also could be exposed to risks that issuers will not fulfill contractual obligations such as, in the case of convertible instruments or private placements, delivering marketable common stock upon conversions of convertible instruments and registering restricted securities for public resale. With respect to non-controlling equity investments, the Fund could have a limited ability to protect its position in such investments. From time to time, the Fund will also
co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, thereby acquiring jointly-controlled or non-controlling interests in certain investments in conjunction with participation by one or more third parties in such investment. As a co-investor, the Fund could have interests or objectives that are inconsistent with those of the third-party partners or co-venturers. Although the Fund might not have full control over these investments and, therefore, could have a limited ability to protect its position therein, the Adviser expects that appropriate rights will be negotiated to protect the Fund’s interests. Nevertheless, such investments can involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that a third-party partner or co-venturer could have financial difficulties resulting in a negative impact on such investment, could have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or could be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objective or the increased possibility of default by, diminished liquidity or insolvency of, the third party, due to a sustained or general economic downturn. Third-party partners or co-venturers could opt to liquidate an investment at a time during which such liquidation is not optimal for the Fund. In addition, the Fund could in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party partners or co-venturers. In those circumstances where such third parties involve a management group, such third parties could receive compensation arrangements relating to such investments, including incentive compensation arrangements. |
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U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities, including those held by the Fund, which could have a material negative impact on the Fund.
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Non U.S. Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Non-U.S. Securities Risk.non-U.S. issuers or Borrowers. Such investments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in the United States or other developed countries, including risks relating to: (i) differences between U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including potential price volatility in and relative illiquidity of some non-U.S. securities markets; the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices, and disclosure requirements; and less government supervision and regulation; (ii) other differences in law and regulation, including fewer investor protections, less stringent fiduciary duties, less developed bankruptcy laws and difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (iii) certain economic and political risks, including potential economic, political or social instability; exchange control regulations; restrictions on foreign investment and repatriation of capital (possibly requiring government approval); expropriation or confiscatory taxation; higher rates of inflation; and reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers, and/or distribution mechanisms; and (iv) the possible imposition of foreign taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to securities and other assets. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain non-U.S. securities or other instruments, and the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of non-U.S. securities or other instruments at inopportune times or prices. Because non-U.S. securities could trade on days when the Fund’s Shares are not priced, the Fund’s NAV could change at times when Shares cannot be sold. |
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Emerging Markets Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Emerging Markets Risk. |
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Foreign Currency Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Foreign Currency Risk. non-U.S. currencies. However, the books of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in currency values could adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of portfolio investments, interest and other revenue streams received by the Fund, gains and losses realized on the sale of portfolio investments, and the amount of distributions, if any, made by the Fund. In addition, the Fund will incur costs in converting investment proceeds from one currency to another. The Fund will, from time to time, enter into derivative transactions designed to reduce such currency risks. Furthermore, the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests are subject to risks relating to changes in currency values, as described above. If a portfolio company suffers adverse consequences as a result of such changes, the Fund could also be adversely affected as a result.
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Eurozone Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Eurozone Risk. On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU. The impact of Brexit on the UK, the EU and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in increased volatility in foreign exchange markets and a sustained weakness in the British pound’s exchange rate against the United States dollar, the euro and other currencies, which may impact Fund returns. The Fund will, from time to time, invest in portfolio companies and other issuers with significant operations and/or assets in the UK and the EU, any of which could be adversely impacted by the legal, tax and regulatory environment following Brexit, whether by increased costs or impediments to the implementation of their business plan. Such events could result from, among other things, increased uncertainty and volatility in financial markets; fluctuations in asset values; fluctuations in exchange rates; decreased liquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the UK, the EU or elsewhere; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which Fund investments are or become subject. Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing from the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets. The effects on the UK, European and global economies of the exit of the UK (and/or other EU members) from the EU, or the exit of other EU members from the European monetary area and/or the redenomination of financial instruments from the Euro to a different currency, are difficult to predict and to protect fully against. Many of the foregoing risks are outside of the control of the Fund and the Adviser. These risks could affect the Fund, the Adviser and other service providers given economic, political and regulatory uncertainty created by Brexit.
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LIBOR Replacement and Floating Rate Benchmark Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | LIBOR Replacement and Floating Rate Benchmark Risk. Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become generally well-defined, there remains uncertainty regarding the nature of alternative floating rate benchmarks, the continued utilization of synthetic LIBOR and the remaining work to be done in connection with the LIBOR transition. LIBOR’s replacement could lead to significant short-term and long-term uncertainty and market instability. Developments around LIBOR’s replacement or the adoption of alternative floating rate benchmarks, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), reference rates based on SOFR, the Euro InterBank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”), and the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”), could negatively impact financial markets in general and present heightened risks, including with respect to the Fund’s investments. No single alternative floating rate benchmark has replaced LIBOR and no alternative floating rate benchmark (including SOFR, reference rates based on SOFR, EURIBOR and SONIA) performs in the same way that LIBOR did, which may further impact the Fund’s investments. As a result of this uncertainty and developments relating to the transition process, the Fund and its investments may be adversely affected.
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Legal and Regulatory Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Legal and Regulatory Risk. non-U.S. securities and futures markets and investment funds such as the Fund has undergone substantial change in recent years, and such change could continue. It is unknown in what form, when and in what order significant regulatory initiatives will be implemented or the impact any such implemented regulations will have on the Fund, the markets or instruments in which the Fund invests or the counterparties with which the Fund conducts business. The effect of the Dodd-Frank Act or other regulatory change on the Fund, while impossible to predict, could be substantial, adverse and potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to implement its investment strategy or increase the costs of using certain instruments or make them less effective. In addition, the practice of short selling has been the subject of numerous temporary restrictions, and similar restrictions could be promulgated at any time. Such restrictions could adversely affect the returns of the Fund.
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Event Driven Investing [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Event Driven Investing. |
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Valuation Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Valuation Risk. |
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Liquidity Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Liquidity Risk. Illiquid and restricted securities can be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when the Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid and restricted securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which could adversely affect the price that the Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid and restricted securities are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets, and the Adviser’s judgment will play a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid and restricted securities could restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. In order to dispose of an unregistered security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so, could have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable period could elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered, thereby enabling the Fund to sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the securities. In either case, the Fund would bear market risks during that period. Some loans and fixed-income instruments are not readily marketable and could be subject to restrictions on resale. Loans and fixed-income instruments might not be listed on any national securities exchange and no active trading market might exist for certain of the loans and fixed-income instruments in which the Fund invests. Where a secondary market exists, the market for some loans and fixed-income instruments could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition, events occurring subsequent to an investment by the Fund, including, for example, withdrawals, changes in market, political or other relevant circumstances, could cause some loans and fixed-income instruments that were liquid at the time of acquisition to become illiquid or otherwise cause the Fund’s concentration in illiquid investments to increase.
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InflationDeflation Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Inflation/Deflation Risk. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation could have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and could make issuer defaults more likely, which could result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.
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Conflicts of Interest Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Conflicts of Interest Risk. In addition, the Adviser’s investment professionals will, from time to time, acquire confidential or material,
non-public information concerning an entity in which the Fund has invested, or propose to invest, and the possession of such information generally will limit the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell particular securities of such entity on behalf of the Fund, thereby limiting the investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. In addition, holdings in the securities of an issuer by the Adviser or its affiliates will affect the ability of the Fund to make certain acquisitions of, or enter into certain transactions with, such issuer. From time to time, broker-dealers and investment advisers affiliated with the Adviser will also acquire confidential or material non-public information concerning entities in which the Fund has invested or proposes to invest, which could restrict the Adviser’s ability to buy or sell (or otherwise transact in) securities of such entities, thus limiting investment opportunities or exit strategies available to the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest.” |
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Uncertain Tax Treatment [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Uncertain Tax Treatment. interest, original issue discount (“OID”) or market discount, when and to what extent deductions can be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other matters are addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to ensure that it does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
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Complex TransactionsContingent LiabilitiesGuarantees and Indemnities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Complex Transactions/Contingent Liabilities/Guarantees and Indemnities. |
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Availability of Investment Opportunities Competition [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Availability of Investment Opportunities; Competition. The Fund competes for investment opportunities with other investment companies and private investment vehicles, as well as the public debt markets, individuals and financial institutions, including investment banks, commercial banks and insurance companies, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, hedge funds and other institutional investors, investing directly or through affiliates. Over the past several years, a number of such investment vehicles have been formed (and many such existing entities have grown in size). Additional entities with similar investment objectives could be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. It is possible that competition for appropriate investment opportunities could increase, thus reducing the number of opportunities available to the Fund. Such supply-side competition could adversely affect the terms upon which investments can be made by the Fund. Moreover, transaction sponsors unaffiliated with the Fund or KKR could be reluctant to present investment opportunities to the Fund because of its affiliation with KKR. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to locate and complete investments which satisfy the Fund’s primary investment objective or to realize upon their values.
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Dependence on Key Personnel Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Dependence on Key Personnel Risk. The Adviser’s principals and other key personnel possess substantial experience and expertise and have strong business relationships with members of the business community. The loss of these personnel could jeopardize the Adviser’s relationships with members of the business community and could result in fewer investment opportunities for the Fund. For example, if any of the Adviser’s principals were to join or form a competing firm, the Fund’s results and financial condition could suffer.
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Material Risks of Significant Methods of Analysis [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Material Risks of Significant Methods of Analysis. investigations. As a result, the due diligence process can at times be subjective with respect to companies for which only limited information is available. Accordingly, the Adviser cannot be certain that due diligence investigations with respect to any investment opportunity for the Fund will reveal or highlight all relevant facts (including fraud) that could be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity, or that its due diligence investigations will result in investments for the Fund being successful. There can be no assurance that the projected results of an investment opportunity will be achieved for the Fund, and actual results could vary significantly from the projections. General economic, natural, and other conditions, which are not predictable, can have an adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. Assumptions or projections about asset lives; the stability, growth, or predictability of costs; demand; or revenues generated by an investment or other factors associated therewith could, due to various risks and uncertainties including those described herein, differ materially from actual results.
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Market Developments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Market Developments. For example, certain Borrowers could, due to macroeconomic conditions, be unable to repay secured loans. A Borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of the secured loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the Borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under its debt securities. The Fund will, from time to time, incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting Borrower. In addition, if one of the Borrowers were to commence bankruptcy proceedings, even though the Fund will have structured its interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize the Fund’s debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of its claim to that of other creditors. Adverse economic conditions also could decrease the value of collateral securing some of the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. A recession could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and the value of the Fund’s assets. These developments could increase the volatility of the value of securities owned by the Fund. These developments also could make it more difficult for the Fund to accurately value its securities or to sell its securities on a timely basis. These developments could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to use leverage for investment purposes and increase the cost of such leverage, which would reduce returns to the holders of shares. These developments also could adversely affect the broader economy, which in turn could adversely affect the ability of issuers of securities owned by the Fund to make payments of principal and interest when due, leading to lower credit ratings of the issuer and increased defaults by the issuer. Such developments could, in turn, reduce the value of securities owned by the Fund and adversely affect the NAV and market price of the Fund’s shares.
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Market Disruptions from Natural Disasters or Geopolitical Risks [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Market Disruptions from Natural Disasters or Geopolitical Risks. |
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Government Intervention in the Financial Markets [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Government Intervention in the Financial Markets. similar actions during the
COVID-19 outbreak. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations could take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities or Structured Products in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities or Structured Products, in ways that are unforeseeable. Borrowers under secured loans held by the Fund could seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation could also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Adviser monitors developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objective, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. |
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Portfolio Turnover Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Portfolio Turnover Risk. |
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Anti Takeover Provisions [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Anti-Takeover Provisions. open-end status. These provisions could deprive the holders of shares of opportunities to sell their shares at a premium over the then current market price of the shares or at NAV. See “Description of Capital Structure—Anti-Takeover and Certain Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.” |
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Duration Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Duration Risk. |
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Risks Relating to Funds RIC Status [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status. source-of-income, tax-exempt income (if any) to its Shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and becomes subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of its distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions in order to re-qualify as a RIC. |
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RIC Related Risks of Investments Generating NonCash Taxable Income [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income. |
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Cybersecurity [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Cybersecurity. |
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Private and Middle Market Companies [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Private and Middle Market Companies.
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Risks Arising from Purchases of Debt on a Secondary Basis [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Arising from Purchases of Debt on a Secondary Basis. investments held by the Fund, the terms of the investments could provide portfolio companies substantial flexibility in determining compliance with such covenants. In addition, the terms on which debt is traded on the secondary market could represent a combination of the general state of the market for such investments and either favorable or unfavorable assessments of particular investments by the sellers thereof.
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Business Contact [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cover [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Address Line One | 555 California Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Address Line Two | 50th Floor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, City or Town | San Francisco | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, State or Province | CA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 94104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contact Personnel Name | Lori Hoffman | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class U Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2],[3] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 5.33% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 5.28% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 264 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 524 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class U Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 18,584,553 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Security Title [Text Block] | Preferred Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Security Title [Text Block] | Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class T Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2] | 2.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | [10] | 1.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 5.33% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 5.28% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 534 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class T Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 1,507,442 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class PI Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2],[3] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.58% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 4.53% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 231 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class PI Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class PT Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2] | 3.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 5.33% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 5.28% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 286 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 538 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class PT Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class I Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2],[3] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.58% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 4.53% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 231 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class I Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 11,759,191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class D Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales Load [Percent] | [2],[3] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management Fees [Percent] | [4] | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] | [5] | 2.39% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | [6] | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] | [7] | 0.25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | [8] | 0.45% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.83% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | [9] | (0.05%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 4.78% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 242 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 487 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class D Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | 82,596 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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