| THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ||||
| Pre‑Effective Amendment No. | ||||
| Post-Effective Amendment No. |
| THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ||||
| Amendment No. |
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Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans.
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Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan.
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Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.
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Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.
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Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act.
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when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act
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immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
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on
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60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)
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on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)
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This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
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This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
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This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
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This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
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Registered Closed‑End Fund (closed‑end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).
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Business Development Company (closed‑end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).
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Interval Fund (Registered Closed‑End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c‑3 under the Investment Company Act).
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A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).
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Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).
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Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b‑2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”).
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| ☐ |
If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.
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New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).
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Price to Public1
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Maximum Sales Load
as a Percentage of
Purchase Amount
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Proceeds to
Registrant2
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Per Share
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At Current NAV
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None
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Current NAV
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Total
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$894,601,398
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None
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$894,601,398
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Shareholder Transaction Expenses
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Sales Load paid by you (
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Annual Expenses (
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Management Fee
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Other Expenses1
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
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Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements2
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(
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements
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1 Year
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$
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3 Years
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$
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5 Years
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$
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10 Years
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$
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Year Ended March 31, |
Period Ended 3/31/20171 |
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| 2023 |
2022 |
2021 |
2020 |
2019 |
2018 |
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| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
$9.80 |
$9.92 |
$9.71 |
$9.98 |
$10.00 |
$10.02 |
$10.01 |
| Income From Investment Operations: |
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| Net investment income |
0.462 |
0.192 |
0.252 |
0.392 |
0.45 |
0.282 |
0.02 |
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) |
0.12 |
(0.11) |
0.22 |
(0.27) |
(0.01) |
0.02 |
0.003 |
| TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS |
0.58 |
0.08 |
0.47 |
0.12 |
0.44 |
0.30 |
0.02 |
| Less Distributions: |
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| Distributions from net investment income |
(0.51) |
(0.20) |
(0.26) |
(0.38) |
(0.45) |
(0.32) |
(0.01) |
| Distributions from net realized gain |
(0.00)3 |
(0.00)3 |
(0.00)3 |
(0.01) |
(0.01) |
(0.00)3 |
__ |
| TOTAL DISTRIBUTIONS |
(0.51) |
(0.20) |
(0.26) |
(0.39) |
(0.46) |
(0.32) |
(0.01) |
| Net Asset Value, End of Period |
$9.87 |
$9.80 |
$9.92 |
$9.71 |
$9.98 |
$10.00 |
$10.02 |
| Total Return4 |
6.07% |
0.80% |
4.91% |
1.13% |
4.42% |
3.04% |
0.22% |
| Ratios to Average Net Assets: |
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| Net expenses5 |
0.41% |
0.41% |
0.71% |
0.71% |
0.70% |
0.67% |
0.34%6 |
| Net investment income |
4.70% |
1.94% |
2.57% |
3.94% |
4.44% |
2.74% |
1.37%6 |
| Expense waiver/reimbursement7 |
0.24% |
0.22% |
0.44% |
0.32% |
0.29% |
0.34% |
1.72%6 |
| Supplemental Data: |
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| Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) |
$577,272 |
$560,685 |
$39,835 |
$63,873 |
$51,680 |
$49,484 |
$70,873 |
| Portfolio turnover8 |
52% |
36% |
47% |
73% |
57% |
39% |
4% |
| (1) Title of Class |
(2) Amount Authorized |
(3) Amount held by the Fund or for its Account |
(4) Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Shown Under (3) |
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Unlimited |
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| FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND |
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| ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.67% |
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| MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE |
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| Year |
Hypothetical Beginning Investment |
Hypothetical Performance Earnings |
Investment After Returns |
Hypothetical Expenses |
Hypothetical Ending Investment |
| 1 |
$1,000.00 |
$50.00 |
$1,050.00 |
$6.85 |
$1,043.30 |
| 2 |
$1,043.30 |
$52.17 |
$1,095.47 |
$7.14 |
$1,088.47 |
| 3 |
$1,088.47 |
$54.42 |
$1,142.89 |
$7.45 |
$1,135.60 |
| 4 |
$1,135.60 |
$56.78 |
$1,192.38 |
$7.77 |
$1,184.77 |
| 5 |
$1,184.77 |
$59.24 |
$1,244.01 |
$8.11 |
$1,236.07 |
| 6 |
$1,236.07 |
$61.80 |
$1,297.87 |
$8.46 |
$1,289.59 |
| 7 |
$1,289.59 |
$64.48 |
$1,354.07 |
$8.83 |
$1,345.43 |
| 8 |
$1,345.43 |
$67.27 |
$1,412.70 |
$9.21 |
$1,403.69 |
| 9 |
$1,403.69 |
$70.18 |
$1,473.87 |
$9.61 |
$1,464.47 |
| 10 |
$1,464.47 |
$73.22 |
$1,537.69 |
$10.02 |
$1,527.88 |
| Cumulative |
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$609.56 |
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$83.45 |
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| Investment Strategy |
1 |
| Investments, Techniques, Risks and Limitations |
1 |
| Investment Risks |
7 |
| Investment Restrictions |
12 |
| Management of the Fund |
14 |
| Investment Advisory and Other Services |
24 |
| Portfolio Trading |
32 |
| Taxes |
33 |
| Other Information |
37 |
| Financial Information |
37 |
| Addresses |
38 |
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Contents |
| 1 |
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| 1 |
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| 7 |
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| 12 |
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| 14 |
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| 24 |
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| 32 |
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| 33 |
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| 37 |
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| 37 |
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| 38 |
| Name Birth Date Positions Held with Fund Date Service Began |
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years, Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s) |
Aggregate Compensation From Fund (past fiscal year) |
Total Compensation From Fund and Federated Hermes Complex (past calendar year) |
| J. Christopher Donahue* Birth Date: April 11, 1949 President and Trustee Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Hermes Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Hermes Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania; Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company. Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport Research, Ltd.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd. |
$0 |
$0 |
| Thomas R. Donahue* Birth Date: October 20,1958 Trustee Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of certain funds in the Federated Hermes Complex; Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Vice President and Assistant Secretary, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; Chairman and Director, Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Trustee and Treasurer, Federated Advisory Services Company; Director or Trustee and Treasurer, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, and Federated Investment Management Company; Director, MDTA LLC; Director, Executive Vice President and Assistant Secretary, Federated Securities Corp.; Director or Trustee and Chairman, Federated Services Company and Federated Shareholder Services Company; and Director and President, FII Holdings, Inc. Previous Positions: Director, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Assistant Secretary, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Company and Passport Research, LTD; Treasurer, Passport Research, LTD; Executive Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; and Treasurer, FII Holdings, Inc. |
$0 |
$0 |
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Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years, Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s) |
Aggregate Compensation From Fund (past fiscal year) |
Total Compensation From Fund and Federated Hermes Complex (past calendar year) |
| John T. Collins Birth Date: January 24, 1947 Trustee Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Hermes Complex; formerly, Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm) (Retired). Other Directorships Held: Director, KLX Energy Services Holdings, Inc. (oilfield services); former Director of KLX Corp. (aerospace). Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO of The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm) and as a Director of KLX Corp. Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp.; Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital). |
$1,646.64 |
$385,000 |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years, Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s) |
Aggregate Compensation From Fund (past fiscal year) |
Total Compensation From Fund and Federated Hermes Complex (past calendar year) |
| G. Thomas Hough Birth Date: February 28,1955 TRUSTEE Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Hermes Complex; formerly, Vice Chair, Ernst & Young LLP (public accounting firm) (Retired). Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Equifax, Inc.; Lead Director, Member of the Audit and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, Haverty Furniture Companies, Inc.; formerly, Director, Member of Governance and Compensation Committees, Publix Super Markets, Inc. Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP (public accounting firm). Mr. Hough serves on the President’s Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama. Mr. Hough previously served on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University, and he previously served as an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association. |
$1,561.10 |
$365,000 |
| Maureen Lally-Green Birth Date: July 5, 1949 TRUSTEE Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes Complex; Adjunct Professor Emerita of Law, Duquesne University School of Law; formerly, Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law and Professor of Law and Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; formerly, Associate General Secretary and Director, Office of Church Relations, Diocese of Pittsburgh. Other Directorships Held: Director, CNX Resources Corporation (natural gas). Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously held the position of Dean of the School of Law of Duquesne University (as well as Interim Dean). Judge Lally-Green previously served as Associate General Secretary of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to serve on the Supreme Court’s Board of Continuing Judicial Education and the Supreme Court’s Appellate Court Procedural Rules Committee. Judge Lally-Green also currently holds the positions on not for profit or for profit boards of directors as follows: Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, Saint Vincent Seminary; Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director, Catholic Charities, Pittsburgh; and Director, CNX Resources Corporation (natural gas). Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Epilepsy Foundation of Western and Central Pennsylvania; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; Director and Chair, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.; Director, Pennsylvania Bar Institute; Director, Saint Vincent College; Director and Chair, North Catholic High School, Inc.; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; and Director and Vice Chair, Saint Francis University. |
$1,411.41 |
$330,000 |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years, Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s) |
Aggregate Compensation From Fund (past fiscal year) |
Total Compensation From Fund and Federated Hermes Complex (past calendar year) |
| Thomas M. O’Neill Birth Date: June 14, 1951 TRUSTEE Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting). Other Directorships Held: None. Qualifications: Mr. O’Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O’Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity. Mr. O’Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); Director, Midway Pacific (lumber); and Director, The Golisano Children’s Museum of Naples, Florida. |
$1,411.41 |
$330,000 |
| Madelyn A. Reilly Birth Date: February 2, 1956 Trustee Indefinite Term Began serving: November 2020 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes Complex; formerly, Executive Vice President for Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary of Board of Directors, Duquesne University (Retired). Other Directorships Held: None. Qualifications: Ms. Reilly has served in various business and legal management roles throughout her career. Ms. Reilly previously served as Senior Vice President for Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary of Board of Directors and Director of Risk Management and Associate General Counsel, Duquesne University. Prior to her work at Duquesne University, Ms. Reilly served as Assistant General Counsel of Compliance and Enterprise Risk as well as Senior Counsel of Environment, Health and Safety, PPG Industries. Ms. Reilly currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors of UPMC Mercy Hospital. |
$1,283.09 |
$300,000 |
| P. Jerome Richey Birth Date: February 23, 1949 TRUSTEE Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes Complex; Retired; formerly, Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh and Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, CONSOL Energy Inc. (split into two separate publicly traded companies known as CONSOL Energy Inc. and CNX Resources Corp. Other Directorships Held: None. Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chairman of the Board, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Chairman of the Board, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and CNX Gas Company; and Board Member, Ethics Counsel and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm). |
$1,411.41 |
$330,000 |
| John S. Walsh Birth Date: November 28, 1957 Trustee Indefinite Term Began serving: August 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc. Other Directorships Held: None. Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors). |
$1,283.09 |
$300,000 |
| Name Birth Date Positions Held with Fund Date Service Began |
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s) |
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| Lori A. Hensler Birth Date: January 6, 1967 TREASURER Officer since: June 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Hermes Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation. Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Hermes, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. |
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| Peter J. Germain Birth Date: September 3, 1959 CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER, SECRETARY and EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Officer since: November 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer, Secretary and Executive Vice President of the Federated Hermes Complex. He is General Counsel, Chief Legal Officer, Secretary and Executive Vice President, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Trustee and Senior Vice President, Federated Investors Management Company; Trustee and President, Federated Administrative Services; Director and President, Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Director and Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Director and Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; Secretary, Federated Shareholder Services Company; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated Hermes, Inc. in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association. Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Hermes, Inc. |
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| Stephen Van Meter Birth Date: June 5, 1975 CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Officer since: June 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Hermes Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Hermes, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated Hermes in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66. Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Hermes, Inc. Prior to joining Federated Hermes, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement. |
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| Robert J. Ostrowski Birth Date: April 26, 1963 CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER Officer since: November 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated Hermes, Inc. in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated Hermes, Inc. taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University. |
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| Chris McGinley Birth Date: July 28, 1978 VICE PRESIDENT Officer since: November 2016 Portfolio Manager since: December 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Chris McGinley has been the Fund’s Portfolio Manager since December 2016. He is Vice President of the Fund. Mr. McGinley joined Federated Hermes in 2004 as an associate research analyst in the international fixed-income department. He became an Assistant Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser in 2005 and Vice President in 2013. Mr. McGinley joined the Sub-Adviser in 2013. Mr. McGinley worked in Senator Rick Santorum’s office in 2001 and from 2002 to 2004 he served as Legislative Correspondent for Senator Santorum. Mr. McGinley earned his B.S. and received his M.P.I.A. from the University of Pittsburgh. |
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| Ihab Salib Birth Date: December 14, 1964 VICE PRESIDENT Officer since: November 2016 Portfolio Manager since: December 2016 |
Principal Occupations: Ihab Salib has been the Fund’s Portfolio Manager since December 2016. He is Vice President of the Fund. Mr. Salib joined Federated Hermes in April 1999 as a Senior Fixed-Income Trader/Assistant Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser. In July 2000, he was named a Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser and in January 2007 he was named a Senior Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser. He has served as a Portfolio Manager since January 2002. From January 1994 through March 1999, Mr. Salib was employed as a Senior Global Fixed-Income Analyst with UBS Brinson, Inc. Mr. Salib received his B.A. with a major in Economics from Stony Brook University. |
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| Maarten Offeringa Birth Date: February 1, 1976 Vice President Officer since: August 2019 Portfolio Manager since: July 2019 |
Principal Occupations: Maarten Offeringa has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July 2019. He is Vice President of the Fund. Mr. Offeringa joined Federated Hermes in 2018. Mr. Offeringa is responsible for providing research and advice on sector allocation and security selection. He has worked in financial services since 2002; has worked in investment management since 2018; has managed investment portfolios since 2019. Previous associations: Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch; Vice President, J.P. Morgan. Education: MA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. |
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| Kazaur Rahman Birth Date: November 30, 1982 Vice President Officer since: August 2023 Portfolio Manager since: July 2023 |
Principal Occupations: Kazaur Rahman has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July 2023. He is Vice President of the Fund. Mr. Rahman joined Federated Hermes in 2019. Mr. Rahman is responsible for providing research and advice on sector allocation and security selection. He has worked in financial services since 2005; has worked in investment management since 2019; has managed investment portfolios since 2023. Previous associations include roles with: Deutsche Bank; VTB Capital; Bank of America; PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Education: BSc, University of London. |
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| Director/Trustee Emeritus |
Compensation From Fund (past fiscal year)1 |
Total Compensation Paid to Director/Trustee Emeritus1 |
| Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. |
$85.45 |
$60,000 |
| Board Committee |
Committee Members |
Committee Functions |
Meetings Held During Last Fiscal Year |
| Executive |
J. Christopher Donahue John T. Collins G. Thomas Hough |
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. |
One |
| Audit |
G. Thomas Hough Maureen Lally-Green Thomas M. O’Neill P. Jerome Richey |
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund’s financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund’s internal audit function. |
Seven |
| Board Committee |
Committee Members |
Committee Functions |
Meetings Held During Last Fiscal Year |
| Nominating |
John T. Collins G. Thomas Hough Maureen Lally-Green Thomas M. O’Neill Madelyn A. Reilly P. Jerome Richey John S. Walsh |
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund’s Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund’s agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund’s address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate’s qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. |
One |
| Interested Board Member Name |
Dollar Range of Shares Owned in Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares Owned in Federated Hermes Family of Investment Companies |
| J. Christopher Donahue |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Thomas R. Donahue |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Independent Board Member Name |
|
|
| John T. Collins |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| G. Thomas Hough |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Maureen Lally-Green |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Thomas M. O’Neill |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Madelyn A. Reilly |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| P. Jerome Richey |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| John S. Walsh |
None |
Over $100,000 |
| Types of Accounts Managed by Ihab Salib |
Total Number of Additional Accounts Managed/Total Assets* |
Additional Accounts/Assets Managed that are Subject to Advisory Fee Based on Account Performance |
| Registered Investment Companies |
15/$2.3 billion |
0/$0 |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
7/$421.4 million |
0/$0 |
| Other Accounts |
2/$25.4 million |
2/$404.8 million |
| Types of Accounts Managed by Christopher McGinley |
Total Number of Additional Accounts Managed/Total Assets* |
| Registered Investment Companies |
9/$737.6 million |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
1/$936.2 thousand |
| Other Accounts |
1/$968.3 thousand |
| Types of Accounts Managed by Maarten Offeringa |
Total Number of Additional Accounts Managed/Total Assets* |
| Registered Investment Companies |
4/$737.6 million |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0/$0 |
| Other Accounts |
0/$0 |
| Types of Accounts Managed by Kazaur Rahman |
Total Number of Additional Accounts Managed/Total Assets* |
| Registered Investment Companies |
4/$737.6 million |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
0/$0 |
| Other Accounts |
0/$0 |
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION.
Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(1) Financial Statements
Included in Part A:
Financial Highlights for period ended March 31, 2023
Included in Part B:
Portfolio of Investments.*
Financial Highlights.*
Statement of Assets and Liabilities.*
Statement of Operations.*
Statement of Changes in Net Assets.*
Statement of Cash Flows.*
Notes to Financial Statements.*
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*
(2) Exhibits:
| (c) | Copies of any Voting Trust Agreement with respect to more than Five Percent of any Class of Equity Securities of the Registrant | |
| Not applicable |
| (d) | Constituent Instruments Defining Rights of Holders of Securities | |
| 1 | Response is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (a)(2) above | |
| 2 | Response is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (b) above |
| (f) | Constituent Instruments Defining Rights of Holders of Long-Term Debt Securities of Subsidiaries for which Consolidated or Unconsolidated Financial Statements are Required to be Filed | |
| Not applicable |
| (g) | Investment Advisory Contracts | |
| 1 |
Federated Investment Management Company |
|
| 2 |
Federated Hermes (UK) LLP |
| (i) | Bonus, Profit Sharing, Pension, or Other Similar Contracts or Arrangements | |
| Not applicable |
| (l) | Legal Opinion | |
| Conformed copy of Opinion and Consent of K&L Gates LLP | + |
| (m) | Consent to Service of Process | |
| Not applicable |
| (n) | Other Opinions | |
| Conformed copy of Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | + |
| (o) | Omitted Financial Statements | |
| Not applicable |
| (q) | Model Retirement Plans | |
| Not applicable |
| (s) | Calculation of Filing Fee Table | |
| Copy of the Registrant’s Calculation of Filing Fee Tables (Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities) | + |
| (t) | Powers of Attorney | |
| Conformed copy of Power of Attorney of the Registrant, as filed via EDGAR in the Registration Statement filed on May 22, 2023 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108 and 811-23174) |
| + | Exhibit is being filed electronically with registration statement |
Exhibit List for Inline Interactive Data File Submission.
| Index No. | Description of Exhibit |
| EX-101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. |
| EX-101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| EX-101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
| EX-101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
| EX-101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase |
| EX-101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
| Item 26. | Marketing Arrangements |
Distribution contract incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment #1 filed October 28, 2016.
| Item 27. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution |
Not applicable.
| Item 28. | Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund: |
None.
| Item 29. | Number of Holders of Securities |
Set forth below is the number of record holders as of November 1, 2023, of each class of securities of the Registrant:
| Title of Class | Number of Record Holders |
| Common shares of beneficial interest | 5 |
| Item 30. | Indemnification: |
Indemnification is provided to Officers and Trustees of the Registrant pursuant to the Registrant’s By-Laws, as amended. This includes indemnification against: (a) any liabilities or expenses incurred in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or proceeding in which an Officer or Trustee may be or may have been involved; and (b) any liabilities and expenses incurred by an Officer or Trustee as a result of having provided personally identifiable information to a regulator or counterparty by or with whom the Registrant or its series is regulated or engages in business to satisfy a legal or procedural requirement of such regulator or counterparty.
The Investment Advisory Contract, and Sub-Advisory Agreement as applicable, (collectively, “Advisory Contracts”) between the Registrant and the investment adviser, and sub-adviser as applicable, (collectively, “Advisers”) of its series, provide that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the obligations or duties under the Advisory Contracts on the part of the Advisers, Advisers shall not be liable to the Registrant or to any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of or connected in any way with rendering services or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security.
The Registrant’s distribution contract contains provisions limiting the liability, and providing for indemnification, of the Officers and Trustees under certain circumstances.
Registrant’s Trustees and Officers are covered by an Investment Trust Errors and Omissions Policy.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, Officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by Trustees), Officers, or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustees, Officers, or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities may be permitted pursuant to Section 17 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for Trustees, Officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, the Registrant is aware of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission as set forth in Investment Company Act Release No. IC-11330. Therefore, the Registrant undertakes that in addition to complying with the applicable provisions of the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, in the absence of a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before which the proceeding was brought, that an indemnification payment will not be made unless in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable determination based upon factual review has been made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of non-party Trustees who are not interested persons of the Registrant or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion that the indemnitee was not liable for an act of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties. The Registrant further undertakes that advancement of expenses incurred in the defense of a proceeding (upon undertaking for repayment unless it is ultimately determined that indemnification is appropriate) against an Officer, Trustee or controlling person of the Registrant will not be made absent the fulfillment of at least one of the following conditions: (i) the indemnitee provides security for his undertaking; (ii) the Registrant is insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances; or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party Trustees or independent legal counsel in a written opinion makes a factual determination that there is reason to believe the indemnitee will be entitled to indemnification.
| Item 31 Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser (Federated Investment Management Company): | |
| For a description of the other business of the Investment Adviser, see the section entitled “Who Manages the Fund?” in Part A. The affiliations with the Registrant of two of the Trustees and three of the Officers of the Investment Adviser are included in Part B of this Registration Statement under "Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?" The remaining Trustees of the Investment Adviser and, in parentheses, their principal occupations are: Thomas R. Donahue, (Chief Financial Officer, Federated Hermes, Inc.), 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779, John B. Fisher, (Vice Chairman, Federated Hermes, Inc.) 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779 and James J. Gallagher, II, Partner, Morris James LLP, 500 Delaware Avenue, Suite 1500, Wilmington, DE 19801-1494. The business address of each of the Officers of the Investment Adviser is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. These individuals are also officers of a majority of the Investment Advisers to the investment companies in the Federated Hermes Fund Complex described in Part B of this Registration Statement. | |
| The Officers of the Investment Adviser are: | |
| Chairman: | J. Christopher Donahue |
| President/ Chief Executive Officer: | John B. Fisher |
| Executive Vice Presidents: |
Deborah A. Cunningham Anne H. Kruczek Robert J. Ostrowski Timothy G. Trebilcock |
| Senior Vice Presidents: |
Todd Abraham Jonathan C. Conley Mark E. Durbiano Donald T. Ellenberger Eamonn G. Folan Richard J. Gallo John T. Gentry Michael R. Granito Lori A. Hensler Susan R. Hill William R. Jamison Jeffrey A. Kozemchak Tracey L. Lusk Judith J. Mackin Marian R. Marinack Christopher P. McGinley Mary Jo Ochson Ihab Salib Michael W. Sirianni, Jr. Nicholas S. Tripodes Steven J. Wagner Paige Wilhelm
|
| Vice Presidents: |
John Badeer Patrick D. Benacci Christopher S. Bodamer G. Andrew Bonnewell Hanan Callas David B. Catalane, Jr. Nicholas S. Cecchini James Chelmu Leslie Ciferno Jerome Conner Lee R. Cunningham, II Gregory Czamara, V B. Anthony Delserone, Jr. Jason DeVito Bryan Dingle Ann Ferentino Kevin M. Fitzpatrick Timothy P. Gannon Kathryn P. Glass James L. Grant Nathan H. Kehm Allen J. Knizner Karen Manna Daniel James Mastalski Robert J. Matthews Karl Mocharko Joseph M. Natoli Nicholas Navari Gene Neavin Bob Nolte Liam O’Connell Bradley S. Payne John Polinski Braden Rotberg Brian Ruffner Thomas C. Scherr John Scullion John Sidawi Paul Smith Peter Snook Kyle Stewart Randal Stuckwish Mary Ellen Tesla Frank Tetlow James Damen Thompson Anthony A. Venturino Mark Weiss George B. Wright Christopher Wu
|
| Assistant Vice Presidents: |
Patrick B. Cooper Quincy Hershey Christopher F. Hopkins Jeff J. Ignelzi Bennett L. Lo Natasha Nunez Steven J. Slanika Tyler R. Stenger Patrick O. Watson Michael S. Wilson John E. Wyda
|
| Secretary: | G. Andrew Bonnewell |
| Assistant Secretaries: |
Edward C. Bartley Jonathan M. Lushko George F. Magera
|
| Treasurer: | Thomas R. Donahue |
| Assistant Treasurers: | Jeremy
D. Boughton Richard A. Novak |
| Chief Compliance Officer: | Stephen Van Meter |
| Item
31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Sub-Adviser (Federated Hermes (UK) LLP): | |
| For a description of the other business of the Investment Sub-Adviser, see the section entitled “Management of the Fund” in Part A. The affiliation with the Registrant of five of the Officers of the Investment Sub-Adviser is included in Part B of this Registration Statement under “Management of the Fund.” The Trustees of the Investment Sub-Adviser and, in parentheses, their principal occupations are: Gordon J. Ceresino, (President, Federated International Management Limited; executive director for international distribution); and Gregory P. Dulski, (Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Hermes, Inc.). The business address of the Trustees is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779. The business address of the Officers of the Investment Adviser is noted below. | |
| The Officers of the Investment Sub-Adviser are: | |
| President/ Chief Executive Officer: | Gordon J. Ceresino1 |
| Senior Vice President: |
Deborah A. Cunningham 1 Dennis Gepp3 Robert Ostrowski1 |
| Vice Presidents: | Patrick
Bayliss3 Gregory P. Dulski1 Mohammed Hassan Elmi3 Christopher McGinley1 Gary Skedge3 Robert J. Wagner2 |
| Assistant Vice President: | Ketan Shah3 |
| Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer: | Dennis Gepp3 |
| Chief Operating Officer: | Judith Benson3 |
| Chief Compliance Officer: | Stephen Van Meter1 |
| Treasurer: | Richard A. Novak1 |
| Assistant Treasurer: | Jeremy D. Boughton1 |
1 1001 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222
2
4000 Ericsson Dr., Warrendale, PA 15086
3 150 Cheapside, London, EC2V 6ET, England
| Item 32. | Location of Accounts and Records: |
All accounts and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rules 31a-1 through 31a-3 promulgated thereunder are maintained at one of the following locations:
|
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund (Registrant) |
Federated Hermes Funds (Notices should be sent to the Agent for Service at the address listed on the facing page of this filing) |
| Federated
Administrative Services (Administrator) |
1001
Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 |
|
Federated Securities Corp. (Distributor)
|
1001 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 |
|
Federated Investment Management Company (Adviser) |
1001
Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 |
| Federated
Hermes (UK) LLP (Sub-Adviser) |
150
Cheapside London EC2V 6ET England |
|
Federated Advisory Services Company (Adviser) |
1001 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 |
|
SS&C GIDS, Inc. (Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent) |
1055
Broadway Kansas City, MO 64105 |
|
State Street Bank and Trust Company (Custodian) |
P.O.
Box 219221 Kansas City, MO 64121-9221 |
| Item 33. | Management Services: Not applicable. |
| Item 34. | Undertakings: |
1. An undertaking to suspend the offering of shares until the prospectus is amended if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.
2. Not applicable.
3. The Registrant undertakes:
(a) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement:
(1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, (1) if the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B: (A) Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and (B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or (2) if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(e) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act;
(2) free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by our on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrants;
(3) the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(4) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
4. Not applicable.
5. Not applicable.
6. Not applicable.
7. The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of an oral or written request, its prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.
|
SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant, FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND, has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Pittsburgh and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 13th day of November, 2023. |
| FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND |
|
BY: /s/ George F. Magera George F. Magera, Assistant Secretary |
| Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacity and on the date indicated: |
| NAME | TITLE | DATE |
|
BY: /s/ George F. Magera George F. Magera, Assistant Secretary |
Attorney In Fact For the Persons Listed Below |
November 13, 2023 |
|
J. Christopher Donahue*
|
President and Trustee (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| Thomas R. Donahue* | Trustee | |
| Lori A. Hensler* | Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer/Principal Accounting Officer) | |
| John T. Collins* | Trustee | |
| G. Thomas Hough* | Trustee | |
| Maureen Lally-Green* | Trustee | |
| Thomas M. O’Neill* | Trustee | |
| Madelyn A. Reilly* | Trustee | |
| P. Jerome Richey* | Trustee | |
| John S. Walsh* | Trustee | |
| *By Power of Attorney |
Exhibit List
(l) Conformed copy of Opinion and Consent of K&L Gates LLP
(n) Conformed copy of Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Exhibit 25(2)(j) under Form N-2
Execution Copy
Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement
This Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement is made as of March 1, 2017 (this “Agreement”), between each management investment company identified on Appendix A and each management investment company which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof (in each case, a “Fund”), including, if applicable, each series of the Fund identified on Appendix A and each series which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Custodian”). This Agreement amends and restates the Custodian Contract between the Funds and the Custodian dated as of December 1, 1993, as amended.
Witnesseth:
Whereas, each Fund desires for the Custodian to provide certain custodial services relating to securities and other assets of the Fund; and
Whereas, the Custodian is willing to provide the services upon the terms contained in this Agreement;
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to terms defined in Section 4.1 (Rule 17f-5 and Rule 17f-7 related definitions) or elsewhere in this Agreement, (a) terms defined in the UCC have the same meanings herein as therein and (b) the following other terms have the following meanings for purposes of this Agreement:
“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.
“Board” means, in relation to a Fund, the board of directors, trustees or other governing body of the Fund.
“Client Publications” means the general client publications of State Street Bank and Trust Company available from time to time to clients and their investment managers.
“Deposit Account Agreement” means the Deposit Account Agreement and Disclosure, as may be amended from time to time, issued by the Custodian and available on the Custodian’s internet customer portal, “my.statestreet.com”.
“Domestic securities” means securities held within the United States.
“Foreign securities” means securities held primarily outside of the United States.
“Held outside of the United States” means not held within the United States.
“Held within the United States” means (a) in relation to a security or other financial asset, the security or other financial asset (i) is a certificated security registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or is endorsed to the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or in blank and the security certificate is located within the United States, (ii) is an uncertificated security or other financial asset registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee at an office located in the United States, or (iii) has given rise to a security entitlement of which the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee is the entitlement holder against a U.S. Securities System or another securities intermediary for which the securities intermediary’s jurisdiction is within the United States, and (b) in relation to cash, the cash is maintained in a deposit account denominated in U.S. dollars with the banking department of the Custodian or with another bank or trust company’s office located in the United States.
“Investment Advisor” means, in relation to a Portfolio, the investment manager or investment advisor of the Portfolio.
“On book currency” means (a) U.S. dollars or (b) a foreign currency that, when credited to a deposit account of a customer maintained in the banking department of the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Custodian maintains on its books as an amount owing as a liability by the Custodian to the customer.
“Portfolio” means (a) in relation to a Fund that is a series organization, a series of the Fund and (b) in relation to a Fund that is not a series organization, the Fund itself.
“Portfolio Interests” means beneficial interests in a Portfolio.
“Proper Instructions” means instructions in accordance with Section 9 received by the Custodian from a Fund, the Fund’s Investment Advisor, or an individual or organization duly authorized by the Fund or the Investment Advisor. The term includes standing instructions.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Series organization” means an organization that, pursuant to the statute under which the organization is organized, has the following characteristics: (a) the organic record of the organization provides for creation by the organization of one or more series (however denominated) with respect to specified property of the organization, and provides for records to be maintained for each series that identify the property of or associated with the series, (b) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities of, or property of or associated with a particular series is enforceable against the property of or associated with the series only, and not against the property of or associated with the organization or of other series of the organization, and (c) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities or property of the organization is enforceable against the property of the organization only, and not against the property of or associated with any series of the organization.
“UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as in effect from time to time.
“Underlying Portfolios” means a group of investment companies as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act.
“Underlying Shares” means shares or other securities, issued by a U.S. issuer, of Underlying Portfolios and other registered “investment companies” (as defined in Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act), whether or not in the same “group of investment companies” (as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act).
“Underlying Transfer Agent” means State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other organization which may from time to time be appointed by the Fund to act as a transfer agent for the Underlying Portfolios and with respect to which the Custodian is provided with Proper Instructions.
“U.S. Securities System” means a securities depository or book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or a “clearing corporation” as defined in Section 8-102 of the UCC.
Section 2. Employment of Custodian.
Section 2.1 General. Each Fund hereby employs the Custodian as a custodian of (a) securities and cash of each of the Portfolios and (b) other assets of each of the Portfolios that the Custodian agrees to treat as financial assets. Each Fund, on behalf of each of its Portfolios, agrees to deliver to the Custodian (i) all securities and cash of the Portfolios, (ii) all other assets of each Portfolio that the Fund desires the Custodian, and the Custodian is willing, to treat as a financial asset and (iii) all cash and other proceeds of the securities and financial assets held in custody under this Agreement. The holding of confirmation statements that identify Underlying Shares as being recorded in the Custodian’s name on behalf of the Portfolios will be custody for purposes of this Section 2.1. This Agreement does not require the Custodian to accept an asset for custody hereunder or to treat any asset that is not a security as a financial asset if such acceptance or treatment is inconsistent with applicable law and/or internal policies and procedures of the Custodian .
Section 2.2 Sub-custodians. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall on behalf of a Fund appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities located in the United States and designated in the Proper Instructions to act as a sub-custodian for the purposes of effecting such transactions as may be designated by the Fund in the Proper Instructions. The Custodian may place and maintain each Fund’s foreign securities with foreign banking institution sub-custodians employed by the Custodian or foreign securities depositories, all in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 4 and 5. An entity acting in the capacity of Underlying Transfer Agent is not an agent or sub-custodian of the Custodian for purposes of this Agreement.
Section 2.3 Relationship. With respect to securities and other financial assets, the Custodian is a securities intermediary and the Portfolio is the entitlement holder. With respect to cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is a bank and the Portfolio is the bank’s customer. If cash is maintained in a deposit account with a bank other than the Custodian and the cash is denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is that bank’s customer. The Custodian agrees to treat the claim to the cash as a financial asset for the benefit of the Portfolio. The Custodian does not otherwise agree to treat cash as a financial asset. The duties of the Custodian as securities intermediary and bank set forth in the UCC are varied by the terms of this Agreement to the extent that the duties may be varied by agreement under the UCC.
Section 3. Activities of the Custodian with Respect to Property Held in the United States.
Section 3.1 Holding Securities. The Custodian may deposit and maintain securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio in a U.S. Securities System in compliance with the conditions of Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of the Portfolio and into which account or accounts may be transferred cash or securities and other financial assets, including securities and financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System. The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Portfolio all securities and other financial assets held by the Custodian in the United States, including all domestic securities of the Portfolio, other than (a) securities or other financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System and (b) Underlying Shares maintained pursuant to Section 3.6 in an account of an Underlying Transfer Agent. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint any other bank or trust company, qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian, as the Custodian’s agent to carry out such of the provisions of this Section as the Custodian may from time to time direct, provided, however, that prior to such appointment on behalf of a Portfolio the Custodian must first provide the Fund with written notice of such appointment. The appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its duties, responsibilities or liabilities, including the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion remove the bank or trust company as the Custodian’s agent.
Section 3.2 Registration of Securities. Domestic securities or other financial assets held by the Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio or of any nominee of the Custodian, or in the name or nominee name of any agent or any sub-custodian permitted hereby. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement shall be in “street name” or other good delivery form. However, if a Fund directs the Custodian to maintain securities or other financial assets in “street name,” the Custodian shall utilize reasonable efforts only to timely collect income due the Fund on the securities and other financial assets and to notify the Fund of relevant issuer actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.
Section 3.3 Bank Accounts. The Custodian shall open and maintain upon the terms of the Deposit Account Agreement a separate deposit account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Portfolio, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Custodian shall credit to the deposit account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by the Custodian from or for the account of the Portfolio, other than cash maintained by the Portfolio in a deposit account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the 1940 Act. Funds held by the Custodian for a Portfolio may be deposited by the Custodian to its credit as Custodian in the banking department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that (a) every such bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the 1940 Act and (b) each such bank or trust company and the funds to be deposited with each such bank or trust company shall on behalf of each applicable Portfolio of a Fund be approved by vote of a majority of the Fund’s Board. The funds shall be deposited by the Custodian in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.
Section 3.4 Collection of Income. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to the securities and other financial assets and to which a Portfolio shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business. The Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to bearer domestic securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, the securities are held by the Custodian or its agent. The Custodian shall present for payment all income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities and other financial assets held hereunder. The Custodian shall credit income to the Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited.
Section 3.5 Delivery Out. The Custodian shall release and deliver out domestic securities and other financial assets of a Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System, or in an account at the Underlying Transfer Agent, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the domestic securities or financial assets held in the United States to be delivered out and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out cash of a Portfolio upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to whom the payment is to be made.
Section 3.6 Deposit of Fund Assets with the Underlying Transfer Agent. Underlying Shares of a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, shall be deposited and held in an account or accounts maintained with an Underlying Transfer Agent. Each Portfolio hereby directs the Custodian to deposit and/or maintain such securities with the Underlying Transfer Agent, subject to the following provisions:
1) Upon receipt of a confirmation or statement from an Underlying Transfer Agent that the Underlying Transfer Agent is holding or maintaining Underlying Shares in the name of the Custodian (or a nominee of the Custodian) for the benefit of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall identify by book-entry that the Underlying Shares are being held by it as custodian for the benefit of the Portfolio.
2) Upon receipt of Proper Instructions to purchase Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall pay out cash of the Portfolio as so directed to purchase the Underlying Shares and record the payment from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.
3) Upon receipt of Proper Instructions for the sale or redemption of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall transfer the Underlying Shares as so directed to sell or redeem the Underlying Shares, record the transfer from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records and, upon the Custodian’s receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption, record the receipt of the proceeds for the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.
4) The Custodian shall not be liable to any Fund or any Portfolio for any loss or damage to any Fund or any Portfolio resulting from maintenance of Underlying Shares with Underlying Transfer Agent provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1.
Section 3.7 Proxies. The Custodian shall cause to be promptly executed by the registered holder of domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States of a Portfolio, if the securities or other financial assets are registered otherwise than in the name of the Portfolio or a nominee of the Portfolio, all proxies, without indication of the manner in which the proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund or its delegates such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to the securities or other financial assets.
Section 3.8 Communications. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets being held for the Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates all written information (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of securities and expiration of rights in connection therewith, notices of exercise of call and put options written by the Fund, and the maturity of futures contracts purchased or sold by the Fund) received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets whose tender or exchange is sought and from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to Portfolio securities or other financial assets issued in the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian to the Fund or its delegates.
Section 4. Provisions Relating to Rules 17f-5 and 17f-7.
Section 4.1. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:
“Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country. The factors include but are not limited to risks arising from the country’s political environment, economic and financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country); prevailing or developing custody, tax and settlement practices; nationalization, expropriation or other government actions; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.
“Covered Foreign Country” means a country listed on Schedule A, which list of countries may be amended from time to time at the request of any Fund and with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager.
“Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in Section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5.
“Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.
“Foreign Assets” means, in relation to a Portfolio, any of the Portfolio’s securities or other investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any cash and cash equivalents that are reasonably necessary to effect transactions of the Portfolio in those investments.
“Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.
“Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B.
“Rule 17f-5” means Rule 17f-5 promulgated under the 1940 Act.
“Rule 17f-7” means Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act.
Section 4.2. The Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager.
4.2.1 Delegation. Each Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board, hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 4.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States. The Custodian hereby accepts such delegation. By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Fund, the Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of the delegated responsibilities generally or with respect to a Covered Foreign Country designated in the notice. Following the withdrawal, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund generally or, as the case may be, with respect to the Covered Foreign Country so designated.
4.2.2 Exercise of Care as Foreign Custody Manager. In performing the responsibilities delegated to it, the Foreign Custody Manager shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of the Foreign Assets would exercise.
4.2.3 Foreign Custody Arrangements. The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities only with respect to Covered Foreign Countries. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A for a Covered Foreign Country each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the Foreign Assets of the Portfolios with respect to the Covered Foreign Country. The list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended from time to time upon notice in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. This Agreement constitutes a Proper Instruction by a Fund, on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, to open an account, and to place and maintain Foreign Assets, for the Portfolio in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Fund, on behalf of the Portfolios, shall satisfy the account opening requirements for the Covered Foreign Country, and the delegation with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country will not be considered to have been accepted by the Custodian until that satisfaction. If the Foreign Custody Manager receives from the Fund Proper Instructions directing the Foreign Custody Manager to close the account, the delegation shall be considered withdrawn, and the Custodian shall immediately cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country.
4.2.4 Scope of Delegated Responsibilities: Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain Foreign Assets in the care of an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that (a) the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Foreign Assets will be held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1) and (b) the contract between the Foreign Custody Manager and the Eligible Foreign Custodian governing the foreign custody arrangements will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2). The Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with the Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) the performance of the contract governing the custody arrangements. If the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall so notify the Fund.
4.2.5 Reporting Requirements. The Foreign Custody Manager shall (a) report the withdrawal of Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by providing to the Fund’s Board an amended Schedule A at the end of the calendar quarter in which the action has occurred, and (b) after the occurrence of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 4.2, make a written report to the Board containing a notification of the change.
4.2.6 Representations. The Foreign Custody Manager represents to each Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in Section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. Each Fund represents to the Custodian that its Board has (a) determined that it is reasonable for the Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Agreement to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios and (b) considered and determined to accept such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets of each Portfolio in each Covered Foreign Country.
4.2.7 Termination by a Portfolio of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager. By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Custodian, a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, may terminate the delegation to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager for the Portfolio. Following the termination, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Portfolio.
Section 4.3 Monitoring of Eligible Securities Depositories. The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fund or its Investment Advisor with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7 and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis and promptly notify the Fund or its Investment Advisor of any material change in such risks, in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.
Section 5. Activities of the Custodian with Respect to Property Held Outside the United States.
Section 5.1. Holding Securities. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a Covered Foreign Country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, as applicable, in the Covered Foreign Country. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Portfolios the foreign securities and other financial assets held by each Eligible Foreign Custodian or Foreign Securities System. The Custodian may hold foreign securities and other financial assets for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Eligible Foreign Custodian in an account that is identified as the Custodian’s account for the benefit of its customers; provided however, that (a) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio maintained in the account shall identify those securities and other financial assets as belonging to the Portfolio and (b) to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities and other financial assets so held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian be held separately from any assets of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or of other customers of the Eligible Foreign Custodian.
Section 5.2. Registration of Foreign Securities. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States maintained in the custody of an Eligible Foreign Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Eligible Foreign Custodian or in the name of any nominee of any of the foregoing. To the extent applicable, the Custodian and each Eligible Foreign Custodian shall establish and maintain current powers-of-attorney with respect to such foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States to facilitate the voting of all proxies, without indication of the manner in which the proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund or its delegates such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to the securities or other financial assets. The Fund on behalf of the Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of the foreign securities or other financial assets. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian reserves the right not to accept securities or other financial assets on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement unless the form of the securities or other financial assets and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with local market practice.
Section 5.3. Indemnification by Eligible Foreign Custodians. Each contract pursuant to which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall, to the extent possible, require the Eligible Foreign Custodian to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties and to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian from and against any loss, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the Eligible Foreign Custodian’s performance of its obligations. At a Fund’s election, a Portfolio shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against an Eligible Foreign Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, cost or expense if and to the extent that the Portfolio has not been made whole for the loss, cost or expense. In no event shall the Custodian be obligated to bring suit in its own name or to allow suit to be brought in its name.
Section 5.4 Bank Accounts.
5.4.1 General. The Custodian shall identify on its books as for the account of the applicable Portfolio the amount of cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. The Custodian shall maintain cash deposits in on book currencies on its balance sheet. The Custodian shall be liable for such balances. If the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not facilitate the maintenance for the Portfolio of a cash balance in a currency as an on book currency, a deposit account shall be opened and maintained by the Custodian outside the United States on behalf of the Portfolio with an Eligible Foreign Custodian. The Custodian shall not maintain the cash deposit on its balance sheet. The Eligible Foreign Custodian will be liable for such balance directly to the Portfolio. All deposit accounts referred to in this Section shall be subject only to draft or order by the Custodian or, if applicable, the Eligible Foreign Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian or the Eligible Foreign Custodian only in that capacity. Cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency will be maintained under and subject to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Custodian will not have any deposit liability for deposits in any currency that is not an “on book” currency, provided, however, that Custodian shall remain liable for the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian in accordance with Section 14.4.
5.4.2 Non-U.S. Branch and Non-U.S. Dollar Deposits. In accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Custodian shall not be required to repay any deposit made at a non-U.S. branch of the Custodian or any deposit made with the Custodian and denominated in a non-U.S. dollar currency, if repayment of the deposit or the use of assets denominated in the non-U.S. dollar currency is prevented, prohibited or otherwise blocked due to (a) an act of war, insurrection or civil strife; (b) any action by a non-U.S. government or instrumentality or authority asserting governmental, military or police power of any kind, whether such authority be recognized as a de facto or a de jure government, or by any entity, political or revolutionary movement or otherwise that usurps, supervenes or otherwise materially impairs the normal operation of civil authority; or (c) the closure of a non-U.S. branch in order to prevent, in the reasonable judgment of the Custodian, harm to the employees or property of the Custodian.
Section 5.5. Collection of Income. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which a Portfolio shall be entitled. If extraordinary measures are required to collect the income or payment, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures. The Custodian shall credit income to the applicable Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited. Income on securities or other financial assets loaned other than from the Custodian’s securities lending program shall be credited as received.
Section 5.6. Transactions in Foreign Custody Account.
5.6.1 Delivery Out. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities or other financial assets held outside of the United States owned by a Portfolio and held by the Custodian or such Eligible Foreign Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, specifying the foreign securities to be delivered and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Eligible Foreign Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, cash of a Portfolio only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to whom the payment is to be made.
5.6.2 Market Conditions. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of the Portfolios and delivery of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of the Portfolios may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for the Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer.
5.6.3 Settlement Practices. The Custodian shall provide to each Board the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian described on Schedule C at the time or times set forth on the Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, but no revision shall result in a Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided on Schedule C.
Section 5.7 Shareholder or Bondholder Rights. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder and bondholder rights with respect to foreign securities and other financial assets held outside the United States, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where the securities or other financial assets are issued. The Custodian may utilize Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. or another proxy service firm of recognized standing as its delegate to provide proxy services for the exercise of shareholder and bondholder rights. Local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of a Fund to exercise shareholder and bondholder rights.
Section 5.8. Communications. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities and other financial assets being held outside the United States for the account of a Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of foreign securities whose tender or exchange is sought or from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside of the United States and being held for the account of the Portfolio regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to the Portfolio’s foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian via an Eligible Foreign Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian.
Section 6. Foreign Exchange.
Section 6.1. Generally. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which for purposes of this Section may also include security trade advices, the Custodian shall facilitate the processing and settlement of foreign exchange transactions. Such foreign exchange transactions do not constitute part of the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement.
Section 6.2. Fund Elections. Each Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) may elect to enter into and execute foreign exchange transactions with third parties that are not affiliated with the Custodian, with State Street Global Markets, which is the foreign exchange division of State Street Bank and Trust Company and its affiliated companies (“SSGM”), or with a sub-custodian. Where the Fund or its Investment Advisor gives Proper Instructions for the execution of a foreign exchange transaction using an indirect foreign exchange service described in the Client Publications, the Fund (or its Investment Advisor) instructs the Custodian, on behalf of the Fund, to direct the execution of such foreign exchange transaction to SSGM or, when the relevant currency is not traded by SSGM, to the applicable sub-custodian. The Custodian shall not have any agency (except as contemplated in preceding sentence), trust or fiduciary obligation to the Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other person in connection with the execution of any foreign exchange transaction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility under this Agreement for the selection of the counterparty to, or the method of execution of, any foreign exchange transaction entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) or the reasonableness of the execution rate on any such transaction.
Section 6.3. Fund Acknowledgement Each Fund acknowledges that in connection with all foreign exchange transactions entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) with SSGM or any sub-custodian, SSGM and each such sub-custodian:
(i) shall be acting in a principal capacity and not as broker, agent or fiduciary to the Fund or its Investment Advisor;
(ii) shall seek to profit from such foreign exchange transactions, and are entitled to retain and not disclose any such profit to the Fund or its Investment Advisor; and
(iii) shall enter into such foreign exchange transactions pursuant to the terms and conditions, including pricing or pricing methodology, (a) agreed with the Fund or its Investment Advisor from time to time or (b) in the case of an indirect foreign exchange service, (i) as established by SSGM and set forth in the Client Publications with respect to the particular foreign exchange execution services selected by the Fund or the Investment Advisor or (ii) as established by the sub-custodian from time to time.
Section 6.4. Transactions by State Street. The Custodian or its affiliates, including SSGM, may trade based upon information that is not available to the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf), and may enter into transactions for its own account or the account of clients in the same or opposite direction to the transactions entered into with the Fund (or its Investment Manager), and shall have no obligation, under this Agreement, to share such information with or consider the interests of their respective counterparties, including, where applicable, the Fund or the Investment Advisor.
Section 6A. Contractual Settlement Services (Purchase/Sales).
Section 6A.1 General. The Custodian shall, in accordance with the terms set out in this Section 6A, debit or credit the appropriate deposit account of each Portfolio on a contractual settlement basis in connection with the purchase of securities or other financial assets for the Portfolio or the receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets.
Section 6A.2 Provision of Services. The services described in Section 6A.1 (the “Contractual Settlement Services”) shall be provided for the securities and other financial assets and in such markets as the Custodian may advise from time to time. The Custodian may terminate or suspend any part of the provision of the Contractual Settlement Services at its sole discretion immediately upon notice to the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio, including, without limitation, in the event of force majeure events affecting settlement, any disorder in markets, or other changed external business circumstances affecting the markets or the Fund.
Section 6A.3 Purchase Consideration. The consideration payable in connection with a purchase transaction shall be debited from the appropriate deposit account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that funds would ordinarily be required to settle the transaction in the applicable market. The Custodian shall promptly recredit the amount at the time that the Portfolio or the Fund notifies the Custodian by Proper Instruction that the transaction has been canceled.
Section 6A.4 Sales and Redemptions. A provisional credit of an amount equal to the net sale price for a sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets shall be made to the account of the Portfolio as if the amount had been received as of the close of business on the date on which good funds would ordinarily be immediately available in the applicable market. The provisional credit will be made conditional upon the Custodian having received Proper Instructions with respect to, or reasonable notice of, the transaction, as applicable; and the Custodian or its agent having possession of the securities of other financial assets (excluding financial assets subject to any third party lending arrangement entered into by a Portfolio) associated with the transaction in good deliverable form and not being aware of any facts which would lead the Custodian or its agent to believe that the transaction will not settle in the time period ordinarily applicable to such transactions in the applicable market.
Section 6A.5 Reversals of Provisional Credits or Debits. The Custodian shall have the right to reverse any provisional credit or debit given in connection with the Contractual Settlement Services at any time when the Custodian believes, in its reasonable judgment, that such transaction will not settle in accordance with its terms or amounts due pursuant thereto, will not be collectable or where the Custodian has not been provided Proper Instructions with respect thereto, as applicable. The Portfolio shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Upon such reversal, a sum equal to the credited or debited amount shall become immediately payable by the Portfolio to the Custodian and may be debited from any deposit or other account held for benefit of the Portfolio.
Section 7. Tax Services.
Section 7.1 General. Subject to and to the extent of receipt by the Custodian of relevant and necessary documentation and information with respect to the Portfolios that the Custodian has requested, the Custodian shall perform the following services: (a) file claims for exemptions, reductions in withholding taxes, or refunds of any tax with respect to withheld foreign (non-U.S.) taxes in instances in which such claims are appropriate; (b) withhold appropriate amounts as required by U.S. tax laws with respect to amounts received on behalf of nonresident aliens; and (c) provide to the Portfolios such information actually received by the Custodian that is reasonably requested by the Fund or could, in the Custodian’s reasonable belief, assist any of the Portfolios in their submission of any reports or returns with respect to taxes. It shall be the responsibility of each Portfolio to notify the Custodian of the obligations imposed on the Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian by the tax law of countries, states and political subdivisions thereof, including responsibility for withholding and other taxes, assessments or other governmental charges, certifications and governmental reporting. The sole responsibility of the Custodian with regard to such tax law shall be to use reasonable efforts to assist the Portfolio with respect to any claim for exemption or refund under the tax law of countries for which the Portfolio has provided sufficient information and documentation.
Section 7.2 Ownership Certificates for Tax Purposes. The Custodian shall execute ownership and other certificates and affidavits for all federal and state tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to domestic securities or other financial assets held within the United States of each Portfolio held by the Custodian and in connection with transfers of securities and other financial assets.
Section 7.3 Authorizations. The Custodian is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to the account of a Portfolio any taxes or levies required by any tax or other governmental authority having jurisdiction in respect of such Portfolio’s transactions and to disclose any information required by any such tax or other governmental authority in relation to processing any claim for exemption from or reduction or refund of any taxes relating to Portfolio transactions and holdings.
Section 7.4 Services Further Limited. Other than the servicing responsibilities provided herein, the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any obligations now or hereafter imposed on any Fund, any Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian of the assets of the Fund or the Portfolio by the tax law of any country or of any state or political subdivision thereof. The Custodian shall not be considered the Fund’s tax advisor or tax counsel.
Section 8. Payments for Sales or Redemptions of Portfolio Interests.
Section 8.1 Payment for Portfolio Interests Issued. The Custodian shall receive from the distributor of Portfolio Interests of a Fund or from the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) and deposit into the account of the Portfolio such payments as are received for Portfolio Interests issued or sold from time to time by the Fund. The Custodian will provide timely notification to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the Transfer Agent of any receipt of the payments by the Custodian.
Section 8.2 Payment for Portfolio Interests Redeemed. Upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, the Custodian shall set aside funds of a Portfolio to the extent available for payment to holders of Portfolio Interests who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption of their Portfolio Interests. The Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, if any, or from the Portfolio, to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming interest holders. If the Custodian furnishes a check to a holder in payment for the redemption of the holder’s Portfolio Interests and the check is drawn on the Custodian, the Custodian shall honor the check so long as the check is presented to the Custodian in accordance with the Deposit Account Agreement and such procedures and controls as are mutually agreed upon from time to time between the Fund and the Custodian.
Section 9. Proper Instructions.
Section 9. 1 Form and Security Procedures. Proper Instructions may be in writing signed by the authorized individual or individuals or may be in a tested communication or in a communication utilizing access codes effected between electro-mechanical or electronic devices or may be by such other means and utilizing such intermediary systems and utilities as may be agreed to from time to time by the Custodian and the individual or organization giving the instruction, provided that the Fund has followed any security procedures agreed to from time to time by the applicable Fund and the Custodian including, but not limited to, the security procedures selected by the Fund. The Custodian may agree to accept oral instructions, and in such case oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions. The Fund shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing, but the Fund’s failure to do so shall not affect the Custodian’s authority to rely on the oral instructions, if the Custodian reasonably believes the oral instructions have been given by an individual authorized to give such instructions with respect to the transaction involved.
Section 9.2 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and from time to time thereafter, as appropriate, each Fund shall deliver to the Custodian an officer’s certificate setting forth the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all individuals authorized to give Proper Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund. The certificate may be accepted and conclusively relied upon by the Custodian and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of a similar certificate to the contrary and the Custodian has had a reasonable time to act thereon.
Section 9.3 Untimely Proper Instructions. If the Custodian is not provided with reasonable time to execute a Proper Instruction (including any Proper Instruction not to execute, or any other modification to, a prior Proper Instruction), the Custodian will use good faith efforts to execute the Proper Instruction but, provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1, will not be responsible or liable if the Custodian’s efforts are not successful (including any inability to change any actions that the Custodian had taken pursuant to the prior Proper Instruction). The inclusion of a statement of purpose or intent (or any similar notation) in a Proper Instruction shall not impose any additional obligations on the Custodian or condition or qualify its authority to effect the Proper Instruction. The Custodian will not assume a duty to ensure that the stated purpose or intent is fulfilled and will have no responsibility or liability when it follows the Proper Instruction without regard to such purpose or intent; provided, however, the Custodian will use good faith efforts when it follows such Proper Instruction, taking into account past practices (including with respect to resolution of issues and responsibility).
Section 10. Actions Permitted without Express Authority.
The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio:
1) Make payments to itself or others for minor expenses of handling securities or other financial assets relating to its duties under this Agreement; provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the Fund shall have the opportunity to review such payments and the parties shall use good faith efforts to resolve any dispute with respect to such payments;
2) Surrender securities or other financial assets in temporary form for securities or other financial assets in definitive form;
3) Endorse for collection, in the name of the Portfolio, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and
4) In general, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio except as otherwise directed by the applicable Board.
Section 11. Reserved.
Section 12. Records.
The Custodian shall with respect to each Portfolio create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of each Fund under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the Fund and employees and agents of the SEC or other regulators with jurisdiction over the Funds with respect to the Portfolios. The Custodian shall, at the Fund’s request, supply the Fund with a tabulation of securities owned by each Portfolio and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Fund and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Fund and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations. In the event that the Custodian is requested or authorized by a Fund, or required by subpoena, administrative order, court order or other legal process, applicable law or regulation, or required in connection with any investigation, examination or inspection of the Fund by state or federal regulatory agencies, to produce the records of the Fund or the Custodian’s personnel as witnesses, the Fund will pay the Custodian for the Custodian’s time and expenses incurred in responding to a non-routine request, order or requirement as reasonably agreed by the Fund and the Custodian, taking into account past practices.
Section 13. Fund’s Independent Accountants; Reports.
Section 13.1 Opinions. The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as a Fund with respect to a Portfolio may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Fund’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s Form N-1A or Form N-2, as applicable, and Form N-CEN or other monthly or annual reports to the SEC and with respect to any other requirements thereof.
Section 13.2 Reports. Upon reasonable request of a Fund, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with a copy of the Custodian’s Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT section 801, Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization (formerly Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 16). The Custodian shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the Fund with such reports as the Fund may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements.
Section 14. Custodian’s Standard of Care; Exculpation.
14.1 Standard of Care. In carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, the Custodian shall act in good faith and without negligence, misfeasance or willful misconduct and shall be held to the exercise of reasonable care; provided, however, that the Custodian shall be held to any higher standard of care which would be imposed upon the Custodian by any applicable law or regulation, as if such above-stated higher standard of reasonable care were part of this Agreement.
14.2 Reliance on Proper Instructions. The Custodian shall be entitled conclusively to rely and act upon Proper Instructions until the Custodian has received notice of any change from the Fund and has had a reasonable time to act thereon. The Custodian may act on a Proper Instruction if it reasonably believes that it contains sufficient information and may refrain from acting on any Proper Instructions until such time that it has reasonably determined, in its sole discretion, that is has received any required clarification or authentication of Proper Instructions. The Custodian may rely upon and shall be protected in acting upon any Proper Instruction or any other instruction, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund.
14.3 Other Reliance. The Custodian is authorized and instructed to reasonably rely upon the information that the Custodian receives from the Fund or any authorized third party on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian shall have no responsibility to review, confirm or otherwise assume any duty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any information supplied to it by or on behalf of any Fund. The Custodian shall have no liability in respect of any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by the Fund arising from the performance of the Custodian’s duties hereunder in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Fund by any individual or organization, other than the Custodian, prior to the Custodian’s appointment as custodian hereunder. The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonably rely on and may act upon advice of counsel (who may be counsel for the Fund) on all matters and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice, provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1.
14.4 Liability for Foreign Custodians. The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian to the same extent as if the action or omission were performed by the Custodian itself, taking into account the facts and circumstances and the established local market practices and laws prevailing in the particular jurisdiction in which the Fund or Portfolio elects to invest.
14.5 Insolvency and Country Risk. The Custodian shall in no event be liable for any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by a Fund or Portfolio resulting from or caused by Country Risk. The Custodian shall be without liability for any loss, damage or expense caused by or resulting from the insolvency of any domestic sub-custodian or Eligible Foreign Custodian that is not a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Custodian; provided, however, that the foregoing exculpation of the Custodian with respect to the insolvency of a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian shall not be applicable if the Custodian fails to comply with its obligations under this Agreement or as a Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to Rule 17f-5 with respect to such Eligible Foreign Custodian. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Custodian has met its standard of care hereunder and has fulfilled its obligations as a Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to Rule 17f-5 with respect to an Eligible Foreign Custodian, then the Custodian shall be without liability for any loss, damage or expense caused by or resulting from the insolvency of such Eligible Foreign Custodian.
14.6 Force Majeure and Third Party Actions. Except as may arise from the Custodian’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, the Custodian shall be without responsibility or liability to any Fund or Portfolio for: (a) events or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any currency or securities market or system, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, acts of war, revolution, riots or terrorism or other similar force majeure events or acts; (b) errors by any Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other duly authorized person in their instructions to the Custodian; (c) the insolvency of or acts or omissions by a U.S. Securities System, Foreign Securities System, Underlying Transfer Agent or domestic sub-custodian designated pursuant to Section 2.2; (d) the failure of any Fund, its Investment Advisor, Portfolio or any duly authorized individual or organization to adhere to the Custodian’s operational policies and procedures; (e) any delay or failure of any broker, agent, securities intermediary or other intermediary, central bank or other commercially prevalent payment or clearing system to deliver to the Custodian’s sub-custodian or agent securities or other financial assets purchased or in the remittance or payment made in connection with securities or other financial assets sold; (f) any delay or failure of any organization in charge of registering or transferring securities or other financial assets in the name of the Custodian, any Fund, any Portfolio, the Custodian’s sub-custodians, nominees or agents including non-receipt of bonus, dividends and rights and other accretions or benefits; (g) delays or inability to perform its duties due to any disorder in market infrastructure with respect to any particular security, other financial asset, U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System; and (h) the effect of any provision of any law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or any other country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction.
14.7 Indirect/Special/Consequential Damages. Notwithstanding Section
15.2 and any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall either party be liable for any indirect, incidental, consequential, special, punitive, exemplary or enhanced damages of any kind or nature whatsoever (including loss of profit goodwill, reputation, business opportunity or anticipated savings, or losses arising from any special circumstances of the other party or any other person) arising under this Agreement or under law or otherwise in connection with or in any way related to this Agreement or the subject matter hereof (including the provision of the services, and the performance, non-performance or breach of any obligation or duty owed by a party) whether or not such party (including each party’s relevant affiliates) has been advised of, or otherwise might or should have anticipated, the possibility or likelihood of such damages. The limitations of liability set forth in this Section 14.7 shall apply regardless of the form or type of action in which a claim is brought or under which it is made, whether in contract, tort (including negligence of any kind), warranty, strict liability, indemnity or any other legal or equitable grounds, and shall survive failure of an exclusive remedy.
14.8 Delivery of Property. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any securities or other assets of a Portfolio which are not received by the Custodian or which are delivered out in accordance with Proper Instructions. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any securities or other assets or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement.
14.9 No Investment Advice. The Custodian has no responsibility to monitor or oversee the investment activity undertaken by a Fund or its Investment Advisor or by a Portfolio. The Custodian has no duty to ensure or to inquire whether an Investment Advisor complies with any investment objectives or restrictions agreed upon between a Fund and the Investment Advisor or whether the Investment Advisor complies with its legal obligations under applicable securities laws or other laws, including laws intended to protect the interests of investors. The Custodian shall neither assess nor take any responsibility or liability for the suitability or appropriateness of the investments made by a Fund or a Portfolio or on its behalf.
14.10 Communications. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio at any time held by the Custodian unless (a) the Custodian or the Eligible Foreign Custodian is in actual possession of such securities or other financial assets, (b) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of the right or power, and (c) both of the conditions referred to in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) have been satisfied at least three business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise the right or power. However, the Custodian shall nevertheless exercise its best efforts to take such action in the event that notification is received three business days or less prior to the date on which action is required.
14.11 Loaned Securities. Income due to each Portfolio on securities or other financial assets loaned shall be the responsibility of the applicable Fund. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility, pursuant to this Agreement, in connection with loaned securities or other financial assets, other than to provide the Fund with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Fund in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Portfolio is entitled.
14.12 Trade Counterparties. A Fund’s receipt of securities or other financial assets from a counterparty in connection with any of its purchase transactions and its receipt of cash from a counterparty in connection with any sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets will be at the Fund’s sole risk, and the Custodian shall not be obligated to make demands on the Fund’s behalf if the Fund’s counterparty defaults. If a Fund’s counterparty fails to deliver securities, other financial assets or cash, the Custodian will notify the Fund’s Investment Advisor of the failure within a reasonable time after the Custodian became aware of the failure.
Section 15. Compensation and Indemnification of Custodian; Security Interest.
Section. 15.1 Compensation. The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as agreed upon from time to time between each Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Custodian.
Section 15.2 Indemnification. Each Portfolio agrees to indemnify the Custodian and to hold the Custodian harmless from and against any loss, cost or expense sustained or incurred by the Custodian in acting or omitting to act under or in respect of this Agreement in good faith, without negligence and with reasonable care, including, without limitation, (a) the Custodian’s compliance with Proper Instructions and (b) in connection with the provision of services to a Fund pursuant to Section 7, any obligations, including taxes, withholding and reporting requirements, claims for exemption and refund, additions for late payment, interest, penalties and other expenses, that may be assessed against the Fund, the Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian of the assets of the Fund or the Portfolio. If a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio instructs the Custodian to take any action with respect to securities or other financial assets, and the action involves the payment of money or may, in the opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Fund or the Portfolio being liable therefor, the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, as a prerequisite to the Custodian taking the action, shall provide to the Custodian at the Custodian’s request such further indemnification in an amount and form satisfactory to the Custodian. The obligations and liabilities any Portfolio assumes shall be limited in any case to the relevant Portfolio and its assets and the Custodian shall not seek satisfaction of any obligation from the shareholders of the relevant Portfolio, any other Portfolio or its shareholders or the Trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Fund. In addition, in connection with the discharge and satisfaction of any claim made by the Custodian against a Fund involving more than one Portfolio, the Fund has the exclusive right to determine the appropriate allocations of liability for any claim between or among Portfolios.
Section 15.3 Security Interest. Each Fund hereby grants to the Custodian, to secure the payment and performance of the Fund’s obligations under this Agreement, whether contingent or otherwise, a security interest in and right of recoupment and setoff against all cash and all securities and other financial assets at any time held for the account of a Portfolio by or through the Custodian. The obligations include, without limitation, the Fund’s obligations to reimburse the Custodian if the Custodian or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or agents advances cash or securities or other financial assets to the Fund for any purpose (including but not limited to settlements of securities or other financial assets, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement), or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligence, as well as the Fund’s obligation to compensate the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.1 or indemnify the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.2. Should the Fund fail to reimburse or otherwise pay the Custodian any obligation under this Agreement promptly, the Custodian shall have the rights and remedies of a secured party under this Agreement, the UCC and other applicable law, including the right to utilize available cash and to sell or otherwise dispose of the Portfolio’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain payment or reimbursement. The Custodian may at any time decline to follow Proper Instructions to deliver out cash, securities or other financial assets if the Custodian determines in its reasonable discretion that, after giving effect to the Proper Instructions, the cash, securities or other financial assets remaining will not have sufficient value fully to secure the Fund's payment or reimbursement obligations, whether contingent or otherwise.
Section 16. Effective Period and Termination.
Section 16.1 Term. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for an initial term ending February 28, 2021. After the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one-year terms unless a written notice of non-renewal is delivered by the non-renewing party no later than ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the Initial Term or any renewal term, as the case may be. A written notice of non-renewal may be given as to a Fund or a Portfolio.
Section 16.2 Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement as to a Fund or a Portfolio: (a) in the event of the other party’s material breach of a material provision of this Agreement that the other party has either failed to cure, or failed to establish a remedial plan to cure that is reasonably acceptable to the non-breaching party, within 60 days’ written notice being given by the non-breaching party of the breach, or (b) in the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the other party, the commencement by or against the other party of a bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding, or upon the happening of a like event to the other party at the direction of an appropriate agency or court of competent jurisdiction.
Section 16.3 Payments Owing to the Custodian. Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 16.1 or 16.2 with respect to any Fund or Portfolio, the applicable Fund shall pay to the Custodian any compensation then due and shall reimburse the Custodian for its other reasonable costs, expenses and charges then due. Upon receipt of such payment and reimbursement, the Custodian will deliver the Fund’s or Portfolio’s cash and its securities and other financial assets as set forth in Section 17.
Section 16.4 Reserved.
Section 16.5 Effect of Termination. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund or Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio. Following termination with respect to a Fund or Portfolio, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility to forward information under Section 3.8 or 5.8. The provisions of Sections 7, 14, 15 and 17 of this Agreement shall survive termination of this Agreement. To the extent the Custodian continues to possess confidential information or records of the Fund or its agents or service providers after the termination of this Agreement, the obligations contained in Sections 12, 20.11, 20.12, and 20.13 of this Agreement shall continue until the five (5) year anniversary of the termination date of this Agreement.
Section 17. Successor Custodian.
Section 17.1 Successor Appointed. If a successor custodian shall be appointed for a Portfolio by its Board, the Custodian shall, upon termination of this Agreement and receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver to the successor custodian at the office of the Custodian, duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent.
Section 17.2 No Successor Appointed. If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver at the office of the Custodian and transfer the cash and the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio in accordance with the Proper Instructions.
Section 17.3 No Successor Appointed and No Proper Instructions. If no successor custodian has been appointed and no Proper Instructions have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the termination of this Agreement, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the 1940 Act, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts, or New York, New York, of its own selection, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder, and to transfer to an account of the bank or trust company all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in any U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent. The transfer will be on such terms as are contained in this Agreement or as the Custodian may otherwise reasonably negotiate with the bank or trust company. Any compensation payable to the bank or trust company, and any cost or expense incurred by the Custodian, in connection with the transfer shall be for the account of the Portfolio.
Section 17.4 Remaining Property. If any cash or any securities or other financial assets of the Portfolio held by the Custodian hereunder remain held by the Custodian after the termination of this Agreement owing to the failure of the applicable Fund to provide Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian holds the cash or the securities or other financial assets (the existing agreed-to compensation at the time of termination shall be one indicator of what is considered fair compensation). The provisions of this Agreement relating to the duties, exculpation and indemnification of the Custodian shall apply in favor of the Custodian during such period.
Section 17.5 Reserves. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 17, the Custodian may retain cash or securities or other financial assets of the Fund or Portfolio as a reserve reasonably established by the Custodian to secure the payment or performance of any obligations of the Fund or Portfolio secured by a security interest or right of recoupment or setoff in favor of the Custodian.
Section 18. [Reserved]
Section 19. Loan Services Addendum. If a Fund directs the Custodian in writing to perform loan services, the Custodian and the Fund will be bound by the terms of the Loan Services Addendum attached hereto. The Fund shall reimburse Custodian for its fees and expenses related thereto as agreed upon from time to time in writing by the Fund and the Custodian.
Section 20. General.
Section 20.1 Governing Law. Any and all matters in dispute between the parties hereto, whether arising from or relating to this Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to any conflict of laws rules. Likewise, the law applicable to all issues in Article 2(1) of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Certain Rights in respect of Securities Held with an Intermediary is the law in force in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Section 20.2 [Reserved]
Section 20.3 Prior Agreements; Amendments. This Agreement supersedes the December 1, 1993 Custodian Contract, as amended, between each Fund on behalf of each of the Fund’s Portfolios and the Custodian relating to the custody of the Fund’s assets. This Agreement may be amended at any time in writing by mutual agreement of the parties hereto.
Section 20.4 Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) any Fund without the written consent of the Custodian or (b) the Custodian without the written consent of each applicable Fund. However, without the consent of any Fund or any Portfolio, the Custodian may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business, or to a party controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Custodian. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian may employ, engage, associate or contract with such person or persons, including, without limitation, affiliates and subsidiaries of the Custodian, as the Custodian may deem desirable to assist it in performing certain of its non-custodial obligations under this Agreement without the consent of any Fund; provided, however, that the compensation of such person or persons shall be paid by the Custodian and that the Custodian shall be as fully responsible to the Fund for the acts and omissions of any such person or persons as it is for its own acts and omissions under this Agreement.
Section 20.5 Interpretive and Additional Provisions. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Custodian and each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable laws or regulations or any provision of a Fund’s organic record and Prospectus. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be an amendment of this Agreement.
Section 20.6 Additional Funds and Portfolios.
20.6.1 Additional Fund. If any management investment company in addition to those listed on Appendix A desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the management investment company shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7 below.
20.6.2 Additional Portfolio. If any Fund establishes a series in addition to the Portfolios set forth on Appendix A with respect to which the Fund desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the Fund shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the series shall become a Portfolio hereunder.
Section 20.7 The Parties; Representations and Warranties. All references in this Agreement to the “Fund” are to each of the management investment companies listed on Appendix A, and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 20.6 above, individually, as if this Agreement were between the individual Fund and the Custodian. In the case of a series organization, all references in this Agreement to the “Portfolio” are to the individual series of the series organization on behalf of the individual series. Any reference in this Agreement to “the parties” shall mean the Custodian and such other individual Fund as to which the matter pertains.
20.7.1 Fund Representations and Warranties. Each Fund hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is duly organized and validly existing in good standing in its jurisdiction of organization; (b) it has the requisite power and authority under applicable law and its organic record to enter into and perform this Agreement; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Fund’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Fund or any law or regulation applicable to it.
20.7.2 Custodian Representations and Warranties. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is a trust company, duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (b) it has the requisite power and authority to carry on its business in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Custodian’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Custodian or any law or regulation applicable to it.
Section 20.8 Notices. Any notice, instruction or other communication required to be given hereunder will, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, be in writing and may be sent by hand, or by facsimile transmission, or overnight delivery by any recognized delivery service, to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.
| To any Fund: | c/o Federated Investors, Inc. |
| Federated Investors Tower - 21st Floor | |
| 1001 Liberty Avenue | |
| Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 | |
| Attention: Lori Hensler, Director of Funds Financial Services | |
| Telephone: 412-288-1277 | |
| Telecopy: 412-288-8668 | |
| with a copy to: | Federated Investors, Inc. |
| Federated Investors Tower - 17th Floor | |
| 1001 Liberty Avenue | |
| Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779 | |
| Attention: Chief Legal Officer | |
| Telephone: 412-288-6331 | |
| Telecopy: 412-288-8668 | |
| Federated Investors Tower - 17th Floor | |
| To the Custodian: | State Street Bank and Trust Company |
| 1 Iron Street | |
| Boston, MA 02110 | |
| Attention: Andrea Griffin | |
| Telephone: 617-662-3590 | |
| Telecopy: 617-375-4279 | |
| with a copy to: | State Street Bank and Trust Company |
| Legal Division – Global Services Americas | |
| One Lincoln Street | |
| Boston, MA 02111 | |
| Attention: Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel |
Section 20.9 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Counterparts may be executed in either original or electronically transmitted form (e.g., faxes or emailed portable document format (PDF) form), and the parties hereby adopt as original any signatures received in electronically transmitted form.
Section 20.10 Severability; No Waiver. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. The failure of a party hereto to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any the term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or remedies, and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.
Section 20.11 Confidentiality. All information provided under this Agreement by or on behalf of a party or its agents or service providers (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) regarding the Disclosing Party’s business and operations shall be treated as confidential. Subject to Section 20.12 below, all confidential information provided under this Agreement by Disclosing Party shall be used, including disclosure to third parties, by the Receiving Party, or its agents or service providers, solely for the purpose of performing or receiving the services and discharging the Receiving Party’s other obligations under the Agreement or managing the business of the Receiving Party and its Affiliates (as defined in Section 20.12 below), including financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (a) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (b) that is independently derived by the Receiving Party without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, (c) that is disclosed to comply with any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, (d) that is disclosed as required by operation of law or regulation or as required to comply with the requirements of any market infrastructure that the Disclosing Party or its agents direct the Custodian or its affiliates to employ (or which is required in connection with the holding or settlement of instruments included in the assets subject to this Agreement), or (e) where the party seeking to disclose is expressly permitted under applicable law or regulation to disclose for a legitimate business purpose subject to confidentiality obligation, or has received the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party providing the information, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. A Receiving Party shall protect confidential information of a Disclosing Party at least to the same degree as the Receiving Party protects its own confidential information. All confidential information, provided by a Disclosing Party shall remain the property of such Disclosing Party. All confidential information, together with any copies thereof, in whatever form, shall, upon the Disclosing Party’s written request, be returned to the Disclosing Party or destroyed, at the Receiving Party’s election; provided, that the Receiving Party shall be permitted to retain all or any portion of the confidential information, in accordance with the confidentiality obligations specified in this Agreement, to the extent required by applicable law or regulatory authority or to the extent required by the Receiving Party’s internal policies and in accordance with its customary practices for backup and storage.
Section 20.12 Use of Data.
(a) In connection with the provision of the services and the discharge of its other obligations under this Agreement, the Custodian (which term for purposes of this Section 20.12 includes each of its parent company, branches and affiliates (“Affiliates”)) may collect and store information regarding a Fund and share such information with its Affiliates, agents and service providers in order and to the extent reasonably necessary (i) to carry out the provision of services contemplated under this Agreement and other agreements between the Fund and the Custodian or any of its Affiliates and (ii) to carry out management of its businesses, including, but not limited to, financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management.
(b) Subject to paragraph (c) below, the Custodian and/or its Affiliates (except those Affiliates or business divisions principally engaged in the business of asset management) may use any data or other information (“Data”) obtained by such entities in the performance of their services under this Agreement or any other agreement between the Fund and the Custodian or one of its Affiliates, including Data regarding transactions and portfolio holdings relating to the Fund, and publish, sell, distribute or otherwise commercialize the Data; provided that, unless the Fund otherwise consents, Data is combined or aggregated with information relating to (i) other customers of the Custodian and/or its Affiliates or (ii) information derived from other sources, in each case such that any published information will be displayed in a manner designed to prevent attribution to or identification of such Data with the Fund. The Fund agrees that Custodian and/or its Affiliates may seek to profit and realize economic benefit from the commercialization and use of the Data, that such benefit will constitute part of the Custodian’s compensation for services under this Agreement or such other agreement, and the Custodian and/or its Affiliates shall be entitled to retain and not be required to disclose the amount of such economic benefit and profit to the Fund.
(c) Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, nothing in this Section 20.12 shall limit the confidentiality and data-protection obligations of the Custodian and its Affiliates under this Agreement and applicable law. The Custodian shall cause any Affiliate, agent or service provider to which it has disclosed Data pursuant to this Section 20.12 to comply at all times with confidentiality and data-protection obligations as if it were a party to this Agreement.
Section 20.13 Data Privacy. The Custodian will implement and maintain a written information security program that contains appropriate security measures generally consistent with industry standard practices aligned with a security framework appropriate for a large financial services company to safeguard the personal information of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, directors and officers that the Custodian receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. The term, “personal information”, as used in this Section, means (a) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (i) Social Security or other tax identification number, (ii) driver’s license number, (iii) state identification card number, (iv) debit or credit card number, (v) financial account number or (vi) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account, (b) any combination of any of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account, or (c) any other non-public personal information within the meaning of applicable law or regulation. “Personal Information” shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public (except to the extent applicable law in a particular jurisdiction does not exclude such publicly available information from protection as personal information).
Section 20.14 Reproduction of Documents. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. Any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.
Section 20.15 Regulation GG. Each Fund represents and warrants that it does not engage in an “Internet gambling business,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(r) of Federal Reserve Regulation GG (12 CFR 233) and covenants that it shall not engage in an Internet gambling business. In accordance with Regulation GG, each Fund is hereby notified that “restricted transactions,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(y) of Regulation GG, are prohibited in any dealings with the Custodian pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise between or among any party hereto.
Section 20.16 Shareholder Communications Election. SEC Rule 14b-2 requires banks that hold securities, as that term is used in federal securities laws, for the account of customers to respond to requests by issuers of securities for the names, addresses and holdings of beneficial owners of securities of that issuer held by the bank unless the beneficial owner has expressly objected to disclosure of this information. In order to comply with the rule, as may be applicable, the Custodian needs each Fund to indicate whether it authorizes the Custodian to provide such Fund’s name, address, and share position to requesting companies whose securities the Fund owns. If a Fund tells the Custodian “no,” the Custodian will not provide this information to requesting companies. If a Fund tells the Custodian “yes” or does not check either “yes” or “no” below, the Custodian is required by the rule, as applicable, to treat the Fund as consenting to disclosure of this information for all securities owned by the Fund or any funds or accounts established by the Fund. For a Fund’s protection, the Rule, as applicable, prohibits the requesting company from using the Fund’s name and address for any purpose other than corporate communications. Please indicate below whether the Fund consents or objects by checking one of the alternatives below.
YES [ ] The Custodian is authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.
NO [X] The Custodian is not authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.
Section 20.17 Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery. In the event of equipment failure, work stoppage, governmental action, communication disruption or other impossibility of performance beyond the Custodian’s control, the Custodian shall take reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions. Specifically, Custodian shall implement reasonable procedures to prevent the loss of data and to recover from service interruptions caused by equipment failure or other circumstances with resumption of all substantial elements of services in a timeframe sufficient to meet business requirements. The Custodian shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement with appropriate parties one or more agreements making reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to the Fund; and (ii) emergency use of electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Custodian shall test the ability to recover to alternate data processing equipment in accordance with State Street program standards, and provide a high level summary of business continuity test results to the Fund upon request. Custodian will remedy any material deficiencies in accordance with State Street program standards. Upon reasonable advance notice, and at no cost to Custodian, the Fund retains the right to review Custodian’s business continuity, crisis management, disaster recovery, and third-party vendor management processes and programs (including discussions with the relevant subject matter experts and an on-site review of the production facilities used) related to delivery of the service no more frequently than an annual basis. Upon reasonable request, the Custodian also shall discuss with senior management of the Fund any business continuity/disaster recovery plan of the Custodian and/or provide a high-level presentation summarizing such plan.
20.18 Anti-Money Laundering. With respect to the Fund's offering and sale of Interests at any time, and for all subsequent transfers of such interests, the Fund or its delegate shall, directly or indirectly and to the extent required by law: (i) conduct know your customer/client identity due diligence with respect to potential investors and transferees in the Interests and shall obtain and retain due diligence records for each investor and transferee; (ii) use its best efforts to ensure that each investor's and any transferee's funds used to purchase Interests shall not be derived from, nor the product of, any criminal activity; (iii) if requested, provide periodic written verifications that such investors/transferees have been checked against the United States Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control database for any non-compliance or exceptions; and (iv) perform its obligations under this Section in accordance with all applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations. In the event that the Custodian has received advice from counsel that access to underlying due diligence records pertaining to the investors/transferees is necessary to ensure compliance by the Custodian with relevant anti-money laundering (or other applicable) laws or regulations, the Fund shall, upon receipt of written request from the Custodian, provide the Custodian with copies of such due diligence records.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]
Signature Page
In Witness Whereof, each of the parties has caused this Agreement to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative under seal as of the date first above-written.
EACH OF THE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES AND SERIES
SET FORTH ON APPENDIX A HERETO
By: /s/ Lori A. Hensler
Name: Lori A. Hensler
Title: Fund Treasurer
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By:/s/ Andrew Erickson
Name: Andrew Erickson
Title: Executive Vice President
APPENDIX A
to
Master Custodian Agreement
(revised as of June 1, 2021)
Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund
Federated Hermes Adviser Series:
Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund
Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund
Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.
Federated Hermes Government Income Trust
Federated Hermes Government Income Fund
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust:
Bank Loan Core Fund
Mortgage Core Fund
High Yield Bond Core Fund
Emerging Markets Core Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust III:
Project and Trade Finance Core Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Funds:
Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund
Federated Hermes Strategic Value Dividend Fund
Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes High Yield Trust
Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:
Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund
Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities
Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund
Federated Hermes Index Trust:
Federated Hermes Max-Cap Index Fund
Federated Hermes Mid-Cap Index Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:
Federated Hermes Government Ultrashort Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Insurance Series:
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II
Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II
Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II
Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes MDT Series:
Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Total Return Series, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:
Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management
Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations
[ ]
Appendix A
Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust
Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund
Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.
Federated Hermes Government Income Trust
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust
Federated Hermes Core Trust:
Bank Loan Core Fund
Mortgage Core Fund
High Yield Bond Core Fund
Emerging Markets Core Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust III:
Project and Trade Finance Core Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Funds:
Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund
Federated Hermes Strategic Value Dividend Fund
Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes High Yield Trust
Federated Hermes Equity Advantage Fund
Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:
Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund
Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities
Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund
Federated Hermes Index Trust:
Federated Hermes Max-Cap Index Fund
Federated Hermes Mid-Cap Index Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:
Federated Hermes Government Ultrashort Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Insurance Series:
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Hermes Kaufmann Fund II
Federated Managed Volatility Fund II
Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II
Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes MDT Series:
Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:
Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Connecticut Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Florida Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Georgia Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Massachusetts Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Michigan Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management
Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Ohio Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Pennsylvania Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations
Federated Hermes Virginia Municipal Cash Trust
Appendix B
[ ]
LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED
MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT
ADDENDUM to that certain Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement, dated March 1, 2017, as amended (the “Custodian Agreement”) by and among each fund (a “Fund”) identified on Appendix A thereto or made subject thereto pursuant to Section 20.6 thereof and State Street Bank and Trust Company, including its subsidiaries and other affiliates (the “Custodian”). As used in this Addendum, the term “Fund”, in relation to a Loan (as defined below), includes a Portfolio on whose behalf the Fund acts with respect to the Loan.
The following provisions will apply with respect to interests in commercial loans, including loan participations, whether the loans are bilateral or syndicated and whether any obligor is located in or outside of the United States (collectively, “Loans”), made or acquired by a Fund on behalf of one or more of its Portfolios.
Section 1. Payment Custody. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to receive payments directly with respect to a Loan for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement,
(a) the Fund will cause the Custodian to be named as the Fund’s nominee for payment purposes under the relevant financing documents, e.g., in the case of a syndicated loan, the administrative contact for the agent bank, and otherwise provide for the payment to the Custodian of the payments with respect to the Loan; and
(b) the Custodian will credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement any payment on or in respect of the Loan actually received by the Custodian and identified as relating to the Loan, but with any amount credited being conditional upon clearance and actual receipt by the Custodian of final payment.
Section 2. Monitoring. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to monitor payments on and forward notices relating to a Loan,
(a) the Fund will deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Custodian a schedule identifying the amount and due dates of the scheduled principal payments, the scheduled interest payment dates and related payment amount information, and such other information with respect to the Loan as the Custodian may reasonably require in order to perform its services hereunder (collectively, “Loan Information”); and
(b) the Custodian will (i) if the amount of a principal, interest, fee or other payment with respect to the Loan is not received by the Custodian on the date on which the amount is scheduled to be paid as reflected in the Loan Information, use best efforts to notify the agent of the obligor and/or any other intermediary banks of the obligor’s failure to make timely payment, and (ii) if such payment is not received, promptly notify the Fund (or the Investment Manager on its behalf) of such obligor’s failure to make the loan payment, and (iii) provide a report to the Fund that the payment has not been received and (iv) if the Custodian receives any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan, undertake reasonable efforts to forward the notice to the Fund.
Section 3. Exculpation of the Custodian.
(a) Payment Custody and Monitoring. The Custodian will have no liability for any delay or failure by the Fund or any third party in providing Loan Information to the Custodian or for any inaccuracy or incompleteness of any Loan Information. The Custodian will have no obligation to verify, investigate, recalculate, update or otherwise confirm the accuracy or completeness of any Loan Information or other information or notices received by the Custodian in respect of the Loan. The Custodian will be entitled to (i) rely upon the Loan Information provided to it by or on behalf of the Fund or any other information or notices that the Custodian may receive from time to time from any syndication agent, lead or obligor or any similar party with respect to the Loan and (ii) update its records on the basis of such information or notices as may from time to time be received by the Custodian.
(b) Any Service. The Custodian will have no obligation to (i) determine whether any necessary steps have been taken or requirements have been met for the Fund to have acquired good or record title to a Loan, (ii) ensure that the Fund’s acquisition of the Loan has been authorized by the Fund, (iii) collect past due payments on the Loan, preserve any rights against prior parties, exercise any right or perform any obligation in connection with the Loan (including taking any action in connection with any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice received from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan) or otherwise take any other action to enforce the payment obligations of any obligor on the Loan, (iv) become itself the record title holder of the Loan or (v) make any advance of its own funds with respect to the Loan.
(c) Miscellaneous. The Custodian will not be considered to have been or be charged with knowledge of the sale of a Loan by the Fund, unless and except to the extent that the Custodian shall have received written notice of the sale from the Fund and the proceeds of the sale have been received by the Custodian for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement. If any question arises as to the Custodian’s duties under this Addendum, the Custodian may request instructions from the Fund and will be entitled at all times to refrain from taking any action unless it has received Proper Instructions from the Fund. The Custodian will in all events have no liability, risk or cost for any action taken or omitted with respect to the Loan pursuant to Proper Instructions. The Custodian will have no responsibilities or duties whatsoever with respect to the Loan except as are expressly set forth in this Addendum.
Global Custody Network
Schedule A
DECEMBER 31, 2016
| MARKET | SUBCUSTODIAN | ADDRESS |
| Albania | Raiffeisen Bank sh.a. | Blv. "Bajram Curri" ETC – Kati 14 Tirana, Albania |
| Argentina | Citibank, N.A. | Bartolome Mitre 530 1036 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Australia | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | HSBC Securities Services Level 3, 10 Smith St., Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia |
| Austria | Deutsche Bank AG | Fleischmarkt 1 A-1010 Vienna, Austria |
| UniCredit Bank Austria AG | Custody Department / Dept. 8398-TZ Julius Tandler Platz 3 A-1090 Vienna, Austria | |
| Bahrain | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | 1st Floor, Bldg. #2505 Road # 2832, Al Seef 428 Kingdom of Bahrain |
| Bangladesh | Standard Chartered Bank | Silver Tower, Level 7 52 South Gulshan Commercial Area Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh |
| Belgium | Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Brussels branch) | De Entrees 99-197 1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Benin | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Bermuda | HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited | 6 Front Street Hamilton, HM06, Bermuda |
| Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | UniCredit Bank d.d. | Zelenih beretki 24 71 000 Sarajevo Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Botswana | Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited | 4th Floor, Standard Chartered House Queens Road The Mall Gaborone, Botswana |
| Brazil | Citibank, N.A. | AV Paulista 1111 São Paulo, SP 01311-920 Brazil |
| Bulgaria | Citibank Europe plc, Bulgaria Branch | Serdika Offices, 10th floor 48 Sitnyakovo Blvd. 1505 Sofia, Bulgaria |
| UniCredit Bulbank AD | 7 Sveta Nedelya Square 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Burkina Faso | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Canada | State Street Trust Company Canada | 30 Adelaide Street East, Suite 800 Toronto, ON Canada M5C 3G6 |
| Chile | Itaú CorpBanca S.A. | Presidente Riesco Street # 5537 Floor 18 Las Condes, Santiago de Chile |
| People’s Republic of China | HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | 33rd Floor, HSBC Building, Shanghai IFC 8 Century Avenue Pudong, Shanghai, China (200120) |
| China Construction Bank Corporation (for A-share market only) | No.1 Naoshikou Street Chang An Xing Rong Plaza Beijing 100032-33, China | |
| Citibank N.A. (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market only) | 39/F., Champion Tower 3 Garden Road Central, Hong Kong | |
| The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market only) | Level 30, HSBC Main Building 1 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong | |
| Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market) | 15th Floor Standard Chartered Tower 388 Kwun Tong Road Kwun Tong, Hong Kong | |
| Colombia | Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria | Carrera 9A, No. 99-02 Bogotá DC, Colombia |
| Costa Rica | Banco BCT S.A. | 160 Calle Central Edificio BCT San José, Costa Rica |
| Croatia | Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d. | Custody Department Radnička cesta 50 10000 Zagreb, Croatia |
| Zagrebacka Banka d.d. | Savska 60 10000 Zagreb, Croatia | |
| Cyprus | BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A., Greece (operating through its Athens branch) | 2 Lampsakou Str. 115 28 Athens, Greece |
| Czech Republic | Československá obchodní banka, a.s. | Radlická 333/150 150 57 Prague 5, Czech Republic |
| UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s. |
BB Centrum – FILADELFIE Želetavská 1525/1 140 92 Praha 4 - Michle, Czech Republic
| |
| Denmark | Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Danmark A/S) | Strandgade 3 0900 Copenhagen C, Denmark |
| Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Copenhagen branch) | Bernstorffsgade 50 1577 Copenhagen, Denmark | |
| Egypt | HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E. (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | 6th Floor 306 Corniche El Nil Maadi Cairo, Egypt |
| Estonia | AS SEB Pank | Tornimäe 2 15010 Tallinn, Estonia |
| Finland | Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Finland Plc.) | Satamaradankatu 5 00500 Helsinki, Finland |
| Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Helsinki branch) | Securities Services Box 630 SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland | |
| France | Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Paris branch) | De Entrees 99-197 1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Republic of Georgia | JSC Bank of Georgia | 29a Gagarini Str. Tbilisi 0160, Georgia |
| Germany | State Street Bank International GmbH | Brienner Strasse 59 80333 Munich, Germany |
| Deutsche Bank AG | Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee 16-24 D-65760 Eschborn, Germany | |
| Ghana | Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited | P. O. Box 768 1st Floor High Street Building Accra, Ghana |
| Greece | BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A. | 2 Lampsakou Str. 115 28 Athens, Greece |
| Guinea-Bissau | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Hong Kong | Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited | 15th Floor Standard Chartered Tower 388 Kwun Tong Road Kwun Tong, Hong Kong |
| Hungary | Citibank Europe plc Magyarországi Fióktelepe | 7 Szabadság tér, Bank Center Budapest, H-1051 Hungary |
| UniCredit Bank Hungary Zrt. | 6th Floor Szabadság tér 5-6 H-1054 Budapest, Hungary | |
| Iceland | Landsbankinn hf. | Austurstræti 11 155 Reykjavik, Iceland |
| India | Deutsche Bank AG | Block B1, 4th Floor, Nirlon Knowledge Park Off Western Express Highway Goregaon (E) Mumbai 400 063, India |
| The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | 11F, Building 3, NESCO - IT Park, NESCO Complex, Western Express Highway Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India | |
| Indonesia | Deutsche Bank AG | Deutsche Bank Building, 4th floor Jl. Imam Bonjol, No. 80 Jakarta 10310, Indonesia |
| Ireland | State Street Bank and Trust Company, United Kingdom branch | 525 Ferry Road Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland |
| Israel | Bank Hapoalim B.M. | 50 Rothschild Boulevard Tel Aviv, Israel 61000 |
| Italy | Deutsche Bank S.p.A. | Investor Services Via Turati 27 – 3rd Floor 20121 Milan, Italy |
| Ivory Coast | Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A. | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Japan | Mizuho Bank, Limited | Shinagawa Intercity Tower A 2-15-1, Konan, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-6009, Japan |
| The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | HSBC Building 11-1 Nihonbashi 3-chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 1030027, Japan | |
| Jordan | Standard Chartered Bank | Shmeissani Branch Al-Thaqafa Street, Building # 2 P.O. Box 926190 Amman 11110, Jordan |
| Kazakhstan | JSC Citibank Kazakhstan | Park Palace, Building A, 41 Kazibek Bi street, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan |
| Kenya | Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited | Custody Services Standard Chartered @ Chiromo, Level 5 48 Westlands Road P.O. Box 40984 – 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya |
| Republic of Korea | Deutsche Bank AG | 18th Fl., Young-Poong Building 41 Cheonggyecheon-ro Jongro-ku-, Seoul 03188, Korea |
| The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | 5F HSBC Building #37 Chilpae-ro Jung-gu, Seoul 04511, Korea | |
| Kuwait | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | Kuwait City, Sharq Area Abdulaziz Al Sager Street Al Hamra Tower, 37F P. O. Box 1683, Safat 13017, Kuwait |
| Latvia | AS SEB banka | Unicentrs, Valdlauči LV-1076 Kekavas pag., Rigas raj., Latvia |
| Lebanon | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | St. Georges Street, Minet El-Hosn Beirut 1107 2080, Lebanon |
| Lithuania | AB SEB bankas | Gedimino av. 12 LT 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania |
| Malawi | Standard Bank Limited | Kaomba Centre Cnr. Victoria Avenue & Sir Glyn Jones Road Blantyre, Malawi |
| Malaysia | Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad | Domestic Custody Services Level 20, Menara IMC 8 Jalan Sultan Ismail 50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad | Menara Standard Chartered 30 Jalan Sultan Ismail 50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | |
| Mali | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Mauritius | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | 6F HSBC Centre 18 CyberCity Ebene, Mauritius |
| Mexico | Banco Nacional de México, S.A. | 3er piso, Torre Norte Act. Roberto Medellín No. 800 Col. Santa Fe Mexico, DF 01219 |
| Morocco | Citibank Maghreb | Zénith Millénium Immeuble1 Sidi Maârouf – B.P. 40 Casablanca 20190, Morocco |
| Namibia | Standard Bank Namibia Limited | Standard Bank Center Cnr. Werner List St. and Post St. Mall 2nd Floor Windhoek, Namibia |
| Netherlands | Deutsche Bank AG | De Entrees 99-197 1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| New Zealand | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | HSBC House Level 7, 1 Queen St. Auckland 1010, New Zealand |
| Niger | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Nigeria | Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc. | Plot 1712 Idejo St Victoria Island, Lagos 101007, Nigeria |
| Norway | Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Norge ASA) | Essendropsgate 7 0368 Oslo, Norway |
| Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Oslo branch) | P.O. Box 1843 Vika Filipstad Brygge 1 N-0123 Oslo, Norway | |
| Oman | HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G. (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | 2nd Floor Al Khuwair PO Box 1727 PC 111 Seeb, Oman |
| Pakistan | Deutsche Bank AG | Unicentre – Unitowers I.I. Chundrigar Road P.O. Box 4925 Karachi - 74000, Pakistan |
| Panama | Citibank, N.A. | Boulevard Punta Pacifica Torre de las Americas Apartado Panama City, Panama 0834-00555 |
| Peru | Citibank del Perú, S.A. | Canaval y Moreyra 480 3rd Floor, San Isidro Lima 27, Perú |
| Philippines | Deutsche Bank AG | Global Transaction Banking Tower One, Ayala Triangle 1226 Makati City, Philippines |
| Poland | Bank Handlowy w Warszawie S.A. | ul. Senatorska 16 00-293 Warsaw, Poland |
| Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. | 31 Zwirki I Wigury Street 02-091, Warsaw, Poland | |
| Portugal | Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Lisbon branch) | De Entrees 99-197 1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Puerto Rico | Citibank N.A. | 1 Citibank Drive, Lomas Verdes Avenue San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926 |
| Qatar | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | 2 Fl Ali Bin Ali Tower Building no.: 150 Airport Road Doha, Qatar |
| Romania | Citibank Europe plc, Dublin – Romania Branch | 8, Iancu de Hunedoara Boulevard 712042, Bucharest Sector 1, Romania |
| Russia | AO Citibank | 8-10 Gasheka Street, Building 1 125047 Moscow, Russia |
| Saudi Arabia | HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | HSBC Head Office 7267 Olaya - Al Murooj Riyadh 12283-2255 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Senegal | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Serbia | UniCredit Bank Serbia JSC | Rajiceva 27-29 11000 Belgrade, Serbia |
| Singapore | Citibank N.A. | 3 Changi Business Park Crescent #07-00, Singapore 486026 |
| United Overseas Bank Limited | 156 Cecil Street FEB Building #08-03 Singapore 069544 | |
| Slovak Republic | UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s. | Ŝancová 1/A 813 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic |
| Slovenia | UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d. | Šmartinska 140 SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| South Africa | FirstRand Bank Limited | Mezzanine Floor 3 First Place Bank City Corner Simmonds & Jeppe Sts. Johannesburg 2001 Republic of South Africa |
| Standard Bank of South Africa Limited | 3rd Floor, 25 Pixley Ka Isaka Seme St. Johannesburg 2001 Republic of South Africa | |
| Spain | Deutsche Bank S.A.E. | Calle de Rosario Pino 14-16, Planta 1 28020 Madrid, Spain |
| Sri Lanka | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited | 24, Sir Baron Jayatilake Mawatha Colombo 01, Sri Lanka |
| Republic of Srpska | UniCredit Bank d.d. | Zelenih beretki 24 71 000 Sarajevo Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Swaziland | Standard Bank Swaziland Limited | Standard House, Swazi Plaza Mbabane, Swaziland H101 |
| Sweden | Nordea Bank AB (publ) | Smålandsgatan 17 105 71 Stockholm, Sweden |
| Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) | Sergels Torg 2 SE-106 40 Stockholm, Sweden | |
| Switzerland | Credit Suisse (Switzerland) Limited | Uetlibergstrasse 231 8070 Zurich, Switzerland |
| UBS Switzerland AG | Max-Högger-Strasse 80-82 CH-8048 Zurich-Alstetten, Switzerland | |
| Taiwan - R.O.C. | Deutsche Bank AG | 296 Ren-Ai Road Taipei 106 Taiwan, Republic of China |
| Standard Chartered Bank (Taiwan) Limited | 168 Tun Hwa North Road Taipei 105, Taiwan, Republic of China | |
| Tanzania | Standard Chartered Bank (Tanzania) Limited | 1 Floor, International House Corner Shaaban Robert St and Garden Ave PO Box 9011 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Thailand | Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited | Sathorn Nakorn Tower 14th Floor, Zone B 90 North Sathorn Road Silom, Bangkok 10500, Thailand |
| Togo | via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 23, Bld de la République 17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire |
| Tunisia | Union Internationale de Banques | 65 Avenue Bourguiba 1000 Tunis, Tunisia |
| Turkey | Citibank, A.Ş. | Tekfen Tower Eski Buyukdere Caddesi 209 Kat 3 Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey |
| Deutsche Bank A.Ş. | Eski Buyukdere Caddesi Tekfen Tower No. 209 Kat: 17 4 Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey | |
| Uganda | Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited | 5 Speke Road P.O. Box 7111 Kampala, Uganda |
| Ukraine | PJSC Citibank | 16-g Dilova St. Kyiv 03150, Ukraine |
| United Arab Emirates Dubai Financial Market | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601 Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| United Arab Emirates Dubai International Financial Center | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601 Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601 Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| United Kingdom | State Street Bank and Trust Company, United Kingdom branch | 525 Ferry Road Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland |
| Uruguay | Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A. | Zabala 1463 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Venezuela | Citibank, N.A. | Centro Comercial El Recreo Torre Norte, Piso 19 Avenida Casanova Caracas, Venezuela 1050 |
| Vietnam | HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) | Centre Point 106 Nguyen Van Troi Street Phu Nhuan District Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| Zambia | Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc. | Standard Chartered House Cairo Road P.O. Box 32238 10101, Lusaka, Zambia |
| Zimbabwe | Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited (as delegate of Standard Bank of South Africa Limited) | 3rd Floor Stanbic Centre 59 Samora Machel Avenue Harare, Zimbabwe |
Depositories Operating in Network Markets Schedule B
DECEMBER 31, 2016
| MARKET | DEPOSITORY | TYPES OF SECURITIES |
| Albania | Bank of Albania | Government debt |
| Argentina | Caja de Valores S.A. | Equities, government and corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments |
| Australia | Austraclear Limited | Government securities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments |
| Austria | OeKB Central Securities Depository GmbH | All securities listed on Wiener Börse AG, the Vienna Stock Exchange (as well as virtually all other Austrian securities) |
| Bahrain | Clearing, Settlement, Depository and Registry System of the Bahrain Bourse | Equities |
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh Bank | Government securities |
| Central Depository Bangladesh Limited | Equities and corporate bonds | |
| Belgium | Euroclear Belgium | Equities and most corporate bonds |
| National Bank of Belgium | Government securities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments | |
| Benin | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Bermuda | Bermuda Securities Depository | Equities, corporate bonds |
| Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Registar vrijednosnih papira u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, d.d. | Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market instruments |
| Botswana | Bank of Botswana | Government debt |
| Central Securities Depository Company of Botswana Ltd. | Equities and corporate bonds | |
| Brazil | Central de Custódia e de Liquidação Financeira de Títulos Privados (CETIP) | Corporate debt and money market instruments |
| Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Custódia (CBLC) | All equities listed on BM&F BOVESPA S.A. and SOMA, and non-financial corporate bonds traded at BM&F BOVESPA S.A. | |
| Sistema Especial de Liquidação e de Custódia (SELIC) | Government debt issued by the central bank and the National Treasury | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian National Bank | Government securities |
| Central Depository AD | Eligible equities and corporate bonds | |
| Burkina Faso | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Canada | The Canadian Depository for Securities Limited | All book-entry eligible securities, including government securities, equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, strip bonds, and asset- backed securities |
| Chile | Depósito Central de Valores S.A. | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and money market instruments |
| People’s Republic of China | China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited, Shanghai and Shenzhen Branches | A shares, B shares, Treasury bonds, local government bonds, enterprise bonds, corporate bonds, open and closed-end funds, convertible bonds, and warrants |
| China Central Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. | Bonds traded through the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM), including Treasury bonds, local government bonds, policy bank bonds, central bank bills, medium-term notes, commercial paper, enterprise bonds, and commercial bank bonds | |
| Colombia | Depósito Central de Valores | Securities issued by the central bank and the Republic of Colombia |
| Depósito Centralizado de Valores de Colombia S.A. (DECEVAL) | Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments | |
| Costa Rica | Interclear Central de Valores S.A. | Securities traded on Bolsa Nacional de Valores |
| Croatia | Središnje klirinško depozitarno društvo d.d. | Eligible equities, corporate bonds, government securities, and corporate money market instruments |
| Cyprus | Central Depository and Central Registry | Equities, corporate bonds, dematerialized government securities, corporate money market instruments |
| Czech Republic | Centrální depozitář cenných papírů, a.s. | All dematerialized equities, corporate debt, and government debt, excluding Treasury bills |
| Czech National Bank | Treasury bills | |
| Denmark | VP Securities A/S | Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, warrants |
| Egypt | Central Bank of Egypt | Treasury bills |
| Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry S.A.E. | Eligible equities, corporate bonds, and Treasury bonds | |
| Estonia | AS Eesti Väärtpaberikeskus | All registered equity and debt securities |
| Finland | Euroclear Finland | Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market instruments |
| France | Euroclear France | Government securities, equities, bonds, and money market instruments |
| Republic of Georgia | Georgian Central Securities Depository | Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments |
| National Bank of Georgia | Government securities | |
| Germany | Clearstream Banking AG, Frankfurt | Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, warrants, investment funds, and index certificates |
| Ghana | Central Securities Depository (Ghana) Limited | Government securities and Bank of Ghana securities; equities and corporate bonds |
| Greece | Bank of Greece, System for Monitoring Transactions in Securities in Book-Entry Form | Government debt |
| Hellenic Central Securities Depository | Eligible listed equities, government debt, and corporate bonds | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Hong Kong | Central Moneymarkets Unit | Government debt (i.e., exchange fund bills and notes issued by the HKMA), other private debt, and money market instruments |
| Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited | Securities listed or traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited | |
| Hungary | KELER Központi Értéktár Zrt. | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and investment fund notes |
| Iceland | Nasdaq verðbréfamiðstöð hf. | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments |
| India | Central Depository Services (India) Limited | Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments |
| National Securities Depository Limited | Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments | |
| Reserve Bank of India | Government securities | |
| Indonesia | Bank Indonesia | Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (central bank certificates), Surat Utang Negara (government debt instruments), and Surat Perbendaharaan Negara (Treasury bills) |
| PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia | Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments | |
| Ireland | Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited | GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments |
| Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. | Government securities | |
| Israel | Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House Ltd. (TASE Clearing House) | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds and trust fund units |
| Italy | Monte Titoli S.p.A. | Equities, corporate debt, government debt, money market instruments, and warrants |
| Ivory Coast | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Japan | Bank of Japan – Financial Network System | Government securities |
| Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC) Incorporated | Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments | |
| Jordan | Central Bank of Jordan | Treasury bills, government bonds, development bonds, and public entity bonds |
| Securities Depository Center | Equities and corporate bonds | |
| Kazakhstan | Central Securities Depository | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments |
| Kenya | Central Bank of Kenya | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds |
| Central Depository and Settlement Corporation Limited | Equities and corporate debt | |
| Republic of Korea | Korea Securities Depository | Equities, government securities, corporate bonds and money market instruments |
| Kuwait | Kuwait Clearing Company | Money market instruments, equities, and corporate bonds |
| Latvia | Latvian Central Depository | Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments |
| Lebanon | Banque du Liban | Government securities and certificates of deposit issued by the central bank |
| Custodian and Clearing Center of Financial Instruments for Lebanon and the Middle East (Midclear) S.A.L. | Equities, corporate bonds and money market instruments | |
| Lithuania | Central Securities Depository of Lithuania | All securities available for public trading |
| Malawi | Reserve Bank of Malawi | Reserve Bank of Malawi bills and Treasury bills |
| Malaysia | Bank Negara Malaysia | Treasury bills, Bank Negara Malaysia bills, Malaysian government securities, private debt securities, and money market instruments |
| Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn. Bhd. | Securities listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad | |
| Mali | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Mauritius | Bank of Mauritius | Government debt (traded through primary dealers) |
| Central Depository and Settlement Co. Limited | Listed and unlisted equity and debt securities (corporate debt and T-bills traded on the exchange) | |
| Mexico | S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V. | All securities |
| Morocco | Maroclear | Eligible listed equities, corporate and government debt, certificates of deposit, commercial paper |
| Namibia | Bank of Namibia | Treasury bills |
| Netherlands | Euroclear Nederland | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, and stripped government bonds |
| New Zealand | New Zealand Central Securities Depository Limited | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments |
| Niger | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Nigeria | Central Bank of Nigeria | Treasury bills and government bonds |
| Central Securities Clearing System Limited | Equities and corporate bonds traded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange | |
| Norway | Verdipapirsentralen | All listed securities |
| Oman | Muscat Clearing & Depository Company S.A.O.G. | Equities, corporate bonds, government debt |
| Pakistan | Central Depository Company of Pakistan Limited | Equities and corporate bonds |
| State Bank of Pakistan | Government securities | |
| Panama | Central Latinoamericana de Valores, S.A. (LatinClear) | Equities, government and corporate debt, commercial paper, short-term securities |
| Peru | CAVALI S.A. Institución de Compensación y Liquidación de Valores | All securities in book-entry form traded on the stock exchange |
| Philippines | Philippine Depository & Trust Corporation | Eligible equities and debt |
| Registry of Scripless Securities (ROSS) of the Bureau of the Treasury | Government securities | |
| Poland | Rejestr Papierów Wartościowych | Treasury bills |
| Krajowy Depozyt Papierów Wartościowych, S.A. | Equities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, Treasury bonds, warrants, and futures contracts | |
| Portugal | INTERBOLSA - Sociedad Gestora de Sistemas de Liquidação e de Sistemas Centralizados de Valores Mobiliários, S.A. | All local Portuguese instruments |
| Qatar | Qatar Central Securities Depository | Equities, government bonds and Treasury bills listed on the Qatar Exchange |
| Romania | National Bank of Romania | Treasury bills and bonds |
| S.C. Depozitarul Central S.A. | Bursa de Valori Bucuresti- (Bucharest Stock Exchange-) listed equities, corporate bonds, government bonds, and municipal bonds | |
| Russia | National Settlement Depository | Eligible equities, Obligatsii Federal’nogo Zaima (OFZs), and corporate debt denominated in RUB |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority | Government securities and Saudi government development bonds (SGDBs) |
| Tadawul Central Securities Depository | Equities | |
| Senegal | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Serbia | Central Securities Depository and Clearinghouse | All instruments |
| Singapore | Monetary Authority of Singapore | Government securities |
| The Central Depository (Pte.) Limited | Eligible listed equities and eligible private debt traded in Singapore | |
| Slovak Republic | Centrálny depozitár cenných papierov SR, a.s. | All dematerialized securities |
| Slovenia | KDD – Centralna klirinško depotna družba d.d. | All publicly traded securities |
| South Africa | Strate (Pty) Ltd. | Eligible equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, and warrants |
| Spain | IBERCLEAR | Government securities, equities, warrants, money market instruments, and corporate bonds |
| Sri Lanka | Central Bank of Sri Lanka | Government securities |
| Central Depository System (Pvt) Limited | Equities and corporate bonds | |
| Republic of Srpska | Central Registry of Securities in the Republic of Srpska JSC | Government securities, equities, and corporate and municipal bonds |
| Swaziland | Central Bank of Swaziland | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds |
| Sweden | Euroclear Sweden | Government securities, equities, bonds, money market instruments, derivatives, exchange traded funds, and warrants |
| Switzerland | SIX SIS AG | Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, derivatives, mutual funds, and warrants |
| Taiwan - R.O.C. | Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) | Government securities |
| Taiwan Depository and Clearing Corporation | Listed equities, short-term bills, and corporate bonds | |
| Tanzania | Central Depository System (CDS), a department of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange | Equities and corporate bonds |
| Thailand | Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited | Government securities, equities and corporate bonds |
| Togo | Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement | All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. |
| Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. | |
| Tunisia | Tunisie Clearing | All eligible listed securities |
| Turkey | Central Bank of Turkey | Government securities |
| Central Registry Agency | Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, mutual fund certificates, exchange traded funds | |
| Uganda | Bank of Uganda | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds |
| Securities Central Depository | Equities, corporate bonds | |
| Ukraine | National Depository of Ukraine | Equities, bonds, and money market instruments |
| United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi | Clearing, Settlement, Depository and Registry department of the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange | Equities, government securities, and corporate debt |
| United Arab Emirates – Dubai Financial Market | Clearing, Settlement and Depository Division, a department of the Dubai Financial Market | Equities, government securities, and corporate debt listed on the DFM |
| United Arab Emirates – Dubai International Financial Center | Central Securities Depository, owned and operated by NASDAQ Dubai Limited | Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments |
| United Kingdom | Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited | GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments |
| Uruguay | Banco Central del Uruguay | Government securities |
| Venezuela | Banco Central de Venezuela | Government securities |
| Caja Venezolana de Valores | Equities and corporate bonds | |
| Vietnam | Vietnam Securities Depository | Equities, government bonds, T-bills, corporate bonds, and public fund certificates |
| Zambia | Bank of Zambia | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds |
| LuSE Central Shares Depository Limited | Treasury bonds, corporate bonds, and equities | |
| Zimbabwe | Chengetedzai Depository Company Limited | Equities and corporate bonds |
| Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe | Treasury bills and Treasury bonds |
TRANSNATIONAL DEPOSITORIES
Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. Domestic securities from more than 40 markets
Clearstream Banking, S.A. Domestic securities from more than 50 markets
Global Custody Network Publications
Schedule C
|
Publication / Type of Information (scheduled update frequency) |
Brief Description |
|
The Guide to Custody in World Markets (regular my.statestreet.com updates) |
An overview of settlement and safekeeping procedures, custody practices, and foreign investor considerations for the markets in which State Street offers custodial services. |
|
Global Custody Network Review (updated annually on my.statestreet.com) |
Information relating to Foreign Subcustodians in State Street’s Global Custody Network. The Review stands as an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to assist them in complying with SEC Rule 17f-5. The Review also gives insight into State Street’s market expansion and Foreign Subcustodian selection processes, as well as the procedures and controls used to monitor the financial condition and performance of our Foreign Subcustodian banks. |
|
Securities Depository Review (updated annually on my.statestreet.com) |
Custody risk analyses of the Foreign Securities Depositories presently operating in Network markets. This publication is an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to meet informational obligations created by SEC Rule 17f-7. |
|
Global Legal Survey (updated annually on my.statestreet.com) |
With respect to each market in which State Street offers custodial services, opinions relating to whether local law restricts:
(i) access of a fund’s independent public accountants to books and records of a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,
(ii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,
(iii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of a loss by a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System, and
(iv) the ability of a foreign investor to convert cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars. |
|
Subcustodian Agreements (available on CD-ROM annually) |
Copies of the contracts that State Street has entered into with each Foreign Subcustodian that maintains U.S. mutual fund assets in the markets in which State Street offers custodial services. |
|
Global Market Bulletin (daily or as necessary via email and on my.statestreet.com) |
Information on changing settlement and custody conditions in markets where State Street offers custodial services. Includes changes in market and tax regulations, depository developments, dematerialization information, as well as other market changes that may impact State Street’s clients. |
| Foreign Custody Risk Advisories (provided as necessary and on my.statestreet.com) | For those markets where State Street offers custodial services that exhibit special risks or infrastructures impacting custody, State Street maintains market advisories to highlight those unique market factors which might impact our ability to offer recognized custody service levels. |
|
Foreign Custody Manager Material Change Notices (quarterly or as necessary and on my.statestreet.com) |
Informational letters and accompanying materials, pursuant to our role as Foreign Custody Manager, confirming State Street’s foreign custody arrangements, including a summary of material changes with Foreign Subcustodians that have occurred during the previous quarter. The notices also identify any material changes in the custodial risks associated with maintaining assets with Foreign Securities Depositories. |
Please contact GlobalMarketInformation@statestreet.com with questions about this document.
The information contained in this document has been carefully researched and is believed to be reliable as of the publication date. Due to the complexities of the markets and changing conditions, however, State Street cannot guarantee that it is complete or accurate in every respect. This document should not be construed or used as a substitute for appropriate legal or investment counsel. Specific advice should be sought on matters relevant to the investment activities of the reader. This application contains proprietary information and is fully protected by relevant copyright laws worldwide.
Copyright 2017 State Street Corporation
www.statestreet.com
[ ]

January 19, 2021
State Street Bank and Trust Company
1 Iron Street
Boston, MA 02110
Attention: Andrea Griffin, Vice President
Re: FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES (the “Company”)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Please be advised that the undersigned Company has established new Funds to be known as Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund, and Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund, respectively (the “Funds”).
In accordance with Section 20.6, the Additional Funds and Portfolios provision, of the Master Custodian Agreement dated as of March 1, 2017, as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and among each registered investment company party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), the undersigned Company hereby requests that State Street act as Custodian for the new Funds under the terms of the Agreement, and that Appendix A to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. In connection with such request, the undersigned Company hereby confirms, as of the date hereof, its representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7.1 of the Agreement.
Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing this letter agreement and returning a copy to the Company.
Sincerely,
FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES
on behalf of:
FEDERATED HERMES CONSERVATIVE MUNICIPAL MICROSHORT FUND, and
FEDERATED HERMES CONSERVATIVE MICROSHORT FUND
By: /s/ Lori A. Hensler
Name: Lori A. Hensler
Title: Treasurer , Duly Authorized
Agreed and Accepted:
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By: /s/ Stefanie Mansfield
Name: Stefanie Mansfield
Title: Managing Director , Duly Authorized
Effective Date: January 19, 2021

September 1, 2021
State Street Bank and Trust Company
1Iron Street
Boston, MA 02110
Attention: Andrea Griffin, Vice President
Re: FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES (the “Company”)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Please be advised that the undersigned Company has established a new Fund to be known as Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund (the “Fund”).
In accordance with Section 20.6, the Additional Funds and Portfolios provision, of the Master Custodian Agreement dated as of March 1, 2017, as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and among each registered investment company party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), the undersigned Company hereby requests that State Street act as Custodian for the new Funds under the terms of the Agreement, and that Appendix A to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. In connection with such request, the undersigned Company hereby confirms, as of the date hereof, its representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7.1 of the Agreement.
Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing this letter agreement and returning a copy to the Company.
Sincerely,
FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES
on behalf of:
Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund
By: /s/ Lori A. Hensler
Name: Lori A. Hensler
Title: Treasurer, Duly Authorized
Agreed and Accepted:
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
By: /s/ Suzanne M. Hinckley
Name: Suzanne M. Hinckley
Title: Senior Vice President, Duly Authorized
Effective Date: September 15, 2021
APPENDIX A
TO
MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT DATED MARCH 1, 2017
(revised as of June 1, 2021)
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES REGISTERED WITH THE SEC AND PORTFOLIOS THEREOF, IF ANY
| Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc. | Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities |
| Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund | Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc. | Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust: | |
| Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund | Federated Hermes Institutional Trust: |
| Federated Hermes Government Ultra Short Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Adviser Series: | Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund | Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund | |
| Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund | Federated Hermes Insurance Series: |
| Federated Hermes Government Income Trust: | Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II |
| Federated Hermes Government Income Fund | Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II |
| Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II | |
| Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc. | Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II |
| Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund | Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II |
| Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II | |
| Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust: | |
| Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund | Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.: |
| Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust: | |
| Federated Short-Intermediate Government Fund | Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series: |
| Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio | |
| Federated Hermes Core Trust: | Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio |
| Bank Loan Core Fund | Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio |
| Mortgage Core Fund | |
| High Yield Bond Core Fund | Federated Hermes MDT Series: |
| Emerging Markets Core Fund | Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund |
| Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Core Trust III: | Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund |
| Project and Trade Finance Core Fund | Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund |
| Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Equity Funds: | |
| Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund | Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund |
| Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund | Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.: |
| Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund | Federated Hermes Core Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund | Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund | Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund |
| Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.: | Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust: |
| Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund | Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust |
| Federated Hermes High Yield Trust | Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund |
| Federated Hermes Equity Advantage Fund | Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management |
| Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund | Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund |
| Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust | |
| Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust: | Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund |
| Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund | |
| Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund | |
APPENDIX A
to
Master Custodian Agreement Dated March 1, 2017
(revised as of September 1, 2023)
Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any
Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund
Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust:
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund
Federated Hermes Adviser Series:
Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund
Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund
Federated Hermes Government Income Trust:
Federated Hermes Government Income Fund
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.
Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust:
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust:
Federated Short-Intermediate Government Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust:
Bank Loan Core Fund
Mortgage Core Fund
High Yield Bond Core Fund
Emerging Markets Core Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust III:
Project and Trade Finance Core Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Funds:
Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund
Federated Hermes ETF Trust
Federated Hermes Short Duration Corporate ETF
Federated Hermes Short Duration High Yield ETF
Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund ETF
Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes High Yield Trust
Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:
Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund
Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities
Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Inflation Protected Securities Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:
Federated Hermes Government Ultra Short Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Insurance Series:
Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II
Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II
Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II
Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:
Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes MDT Series:
Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Core Bond Fund (formerly, Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund)
Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:
Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management
Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations
Exhibit 25(2)(l) under Form N-2
November 13, 2023
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7561
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the registration of 25,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest in the Trust (the “Shares”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to a registration statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108; 811-23174), as amended. This filing also serves as Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement under the Securities Act and as Amendment No. 26 to the registration statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
This opinion letter is being delivered at your request in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 29 of Schedule A of the Securities Act and Item 25(2)(l) of Form N-2 under the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act.
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of:
| (i) | the prospectus and statement of additional information (collectively, the “Prospectus”) filed as part of the Registration Statement; |
| (ii) | the Trust’s certificate of trust, governing instrument, and bylaws in effect on the date of this opinion letter; and |
| (iii) | the resolutions adopted by the trustees of the Trust relating to the Registration Statement and the authorization for issuance and sale of the Shares. |
We also have examined and relied upon certificates of public officials and, as to certain matters of fact that are material to our opinions, we have relied on a certificate of an officer of the Trust. We have not independently established any of the facts on which we have so relied.
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed the accuracy and completeness of each document submitted to us, the genuineness of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic, certified, conformed, or photostatic copies thereof, and the due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. We have further assumed the legal capacity of natural persons, that persons identified to us as officers of the Trust are actually serving in such capacity, and that the representations of officers of the Trust are correct as to matters of fact. We have not independently verified any of these assumptions.
The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are based on the facts in existence and the laws in effect on the date hereof and are limited to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and the provisions of the Investment Company Act that are applicable to equity securities issued by registered closed-end investment companies. We are not opining on, and we assume no responsibility for, the applicability to or effect on any of the matters covered herein of any other laws.
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that (1) the Shares to be issued pursuant to the Registration Statement, when issued and paid for by the purchasers upon the terms described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, and (2) such purchasers will have no obligation to make any further payments for the purchase of the Shares or contributions to the Trust solely by reason of their ownership of the Shares.
This opinion is rendered solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission in connection with the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm’s name under the heading “Legal Opinions” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement or Prospectus within the meaning of the term “expert” as used in Section 11 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Commission, nor do we admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ K&L Gates LLP
Exhibit 25(2)(n) under Form N-2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the use of our report dated May 24, 2023, with respect to the financial statements of Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund, as of March 31, 2023, incorporated herein by reference and to the references to our firm under the headings “Financial Information” in the Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
November 13, 2023
Exhibit 25(2)(s) under Form N-2
Calculation of Filing Fee Tables
Form N-2
(Form Type)
FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Declaration of Trust)
Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities
| Security Type | Security Class Title | Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule | Amount Registered | Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit | Maximum Aggregate Offering Price | Fee Rate | Amount of Registration Fee | Carry Forward Form Type | Carry Forward File Number | Carry Forward Initial Effective Date | Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward | |
| Newly Registered Securities | ||||||||||||
| Fees to Be Paid | Equity | Common shares of beneficial interest | 457(o) | 25,000,000 | $9.99(1) | $249,750,000 | $147.60 per $1,000,000 | $36,864 | ||||
| Fees Previously Paid | ||||||||||||
| Carry Forward Securities | ||||||||||||
| Carry Forward Securities | Equity | Common shares of beneficial interest | 415(a)(6) | 20,450,310 | $203,889,590.70(2) | N-2 | 333-272108 | May 19, 2023 | $22,468.63 | |||
| Total Offering Amounts | $453,639,590.70 | $36,864 | ||||||||||
| Total Fees Previously Paid | ||||||||||||
| Total Fee Offsets | ||||||||||||
| Net Fee Due | $36,864 | |||||||||||
(1) Shares are offered at net asset value, which will vary. The proposed maximum offering price per unit is calculated based on the net asset value per share of Registrant’s shares as of November 6, 2023.
(2) Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement includes $203,889,590.70 in aggregate principal offering price of unsold common shares of beneficial interest (the “Unsold Shares”) that were previously registered for sale under the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-272108) effective on May 19, 2023 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). The Registrant previously paid filing fees in the aggregate of $22,378.49 relating to the Unsold Shares. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the filing fees previously paid with respect to the Unsold Shares will continue to be applied to such Unsold Shares. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the offering of Unsold Shares under the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement.
N-2 |
Nov. 14, 2023
USD ($)
shares
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cover [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Central Index Key | 0001677615 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment Flag | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Inv Company Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Act File Number | 333-272108 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Act File Number | 811-23174 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Registration Statement | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-Effective Amendment | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Effective Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Effective Amendment Number | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Act Registration | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Registration Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Registration Amendment Number | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Registrant Name | FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Address Line One | 4000 Ericsson Drive | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, City or Town | Warrendale | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, State or Province | PA | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 15086-7561 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| City Area Code | 412 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Local Phone Number | 288‑1900 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Delayed or Continuous Offering | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Shelf [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective upon Filing, 486(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective on Set Date, 486(b) | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective on Date, 486(b) | Nov. 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective after 60 Days, 486(a) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective on Set Date, 486(a) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| New Effective Date for Previous Filing | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Securities. 462(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| No Substantive Changes, 462(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibits Only, 462(d) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] | true | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Development Company [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interval Fund [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales Load [Percent] | 0.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] |
1
“Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year.
2
The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, proxy-related expenses, premiums for risk insurance policies on portfolio securities and certain legal fees related to specific investments paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund’s Shares (after the waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.40% (the “Fee Limit”) up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) December 1, 2024; or (b) the date of the Fund’s next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Management Fees [Percent] | 0.50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.02% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 0.15% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 0.67% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (0.24%) | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 0.43% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example [Table Text Block] |
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Shares, for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods assuming (1) total annual expenses of 0.67% of net assets attributable to the Shares and (2) a 5% annual return:*
The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses.
Actual expenses may be higher or lower. *
The example assumes that the Operating Expenses remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on reinvested dividends. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your cost would be higher. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
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| Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 7 | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 21 | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 37 | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 83 | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] |
The purpose of the table below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly.
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| Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | as a percentage of offering price | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] | “Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | Investment Objective and Policies Investment Objective The investment objective of the Fund is to provide total return primarily from income. While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund anticipates that approximately 75% or more of its assets may be invested in trade finance related securities of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. Trade finance transactions refer to the capital needed to buy or sell, or import or export, products or other tangible goods. Project finance transactions are typically used to build something tangible or to expand existing plant capacity to produce more goods for trade; and the Fund typically invests in project finance deals when the project has been largely completed and goods are being produced for export (i.e., transactions are of a short-term nature). Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to hold its positions through to maturity. There are no limits on the Fund’s average-weighted maturity. However, under normal conditions, the Fund is anticipated to have an average dollar-weighted maturity of not more than 24 months. The Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). Primary Investment Policies The Adviser and Sub-Adviser believe that trade finance is a risk mitigated asset class and historically, while trade finance is not immune from default arising from credit or sovereign risk factors, during these periods of financial stress, treatment of trade finance creditors typically has been preferential either formally or informally as a result of: ◾ The underlying use or purpose of funds (critical imports or key exports, governmental economic priorities, etc.); ◾ The types of transactional security (export contracts, escrow accounts, inventory, fixed assets, etc.); and ◾ The recognition of the economic benefit that is derived from trade generally. For purposes of this Prospectus, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, are sometimes referred to together, as applicable, as the “Fund’s Adviser.” During sovereign and corporate restructurings, trade finance related securities can achieve differentiated treatment in a default and then recovery situation compared to other forms of debt. The Fund’s investments are expected to consist primarily of loans, or similar instruments used to finance domestic and international trade and related infrastructure projects. These are expected to include, but not be limited to, facilities for pre-export finance, process and commodities finance, receivables financing, letters of credit and other documentary credits, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments. The Fund may engage in such investments by way of purchase, assignment, participation, guarantee, insurance, derivative or any other appropriate financial instrument. The Fund invests only in funded letters of credit and other instruments that do not create unfunded commitments to lend. The Fund may invest without limitation in securities and obligations for which there is no readily available trading market or which are otherwise illiquid, including trade finance securities and other fixed-income or derivative instruments. The Fund may also take positions in traditional assets including bonds, (investment-grade or noninvestment-grade (otherwise known as “junk bonds”)) debt securities, equities, foreign exchange instruments, as well as derivatives for the purposes set forth below. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of derivatives will work as intended. Derivative investments made by the Fund are included within the Fund’s 80% policy (as described below) and are calculated at market value. The instruments in which the Fund invests may be guaranteed by the U.S. government. A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments will be in obligations of non-U.S. issuers or borrowers, including those of issuers in emerging markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. Up to 20% of the Fund’s assets may be invested in other types of fixed-income securities and money market instruments as described in this Prospectus. It is the Fund’s Adviser’s intent to focus the Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities. Because the Fund refers to trade finance related securities in its name, it will notify Shareholders at least 60 days in advance of any change in its investment policies that would enable the Fund to normally invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. The Fund’s Adviser analyzes the risk-adjusted return characteristics of potential financings and conducts initial expected annual excess return calculations and due diligence analysis of the facility and the obligor to evaluate if they are appropriate investments. Analysis includes: Origination. Assess quality and track record of originator, define originator’s role in the transaction and define originator’s relationship with the borrower. At this stage, documents are reviewed such as, but not limited to: the offtake contracts, loan agreement, legal opinions, expert consultants’ reports, and insurance policies if applicable. Obligor. A thorough review of obligor including, but not limited to: credit analysis, shareholders, market position, access to capital markets and quality of audit/accounting firm. Typically, three years of audited financials and projections are required, among other credit-analysis tools to make this assessment. Country. A country’s credit rating, historic treatment of trade flows, the importance of the sector to this country and currency convertibility are all considered. Sector. Evaluated under the following considerations: Strategic priority, critical imports, foreign exchange earner, macro sector themes, and liquidity and tax/tariff issues. Mitigants. The proposed transaction is also evaluated by its ability to mitigate risks such as, but not limited to: country, production, quality, market, operational and payment issues risks, commodity, price, environmental, country and legal. Documentation considerations are also examined closely. The transaction is then analyzed for its portfolio suitability based upon: Deal Structure. Tenor, grace period, amortization schedule, drawing conditions and financing structure of the deal are thoroughly reviewed. Deal Pricing. Relative value of spreads to market, value for risk and return projections are carefully considered. Portfolio. The tenor, yield target and concentration of the Fund’s portfolio are carefully considered. Concentration analysis includes region, country, and sector and obligor structure. TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in shorter-term debt securities and similar obligations or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic, or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate securities); to maintain liquidity to meet Shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such investments could affect the Fund’s investment returns and/or the ability to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives. Primary Investment Types The following provides general information on the Fund’s principal investments. The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund’s non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund’s principal investments. Trade Finance Related Securities The Fund’s Adviser will attempt to identify opportunities and invest the Fund’s assets in trade finance related securities. Specifically, these securities will consist of trade finance, structured trade finance, project finance or export finance transactions where there is a flow of goods or services (typically of a cross-border nature) and a financing need. These trade finance structures are subject to significant individual variation but typical structures may include but not be limited to the following: Buyer’s credit. An extension of credit typically made by a bank to a buyer of goods (i.e., importer) to finance the purchase of goods under a commercial contract of sale. Contract frustration and trade credit indemnity. An insurance policy issued by an insurer in favor of an insured (typically a supplier or a bank) that provides conditional coverage to the insured against loss incurred as a result of non-payment/non-delivery by an obligor involved in a trade transaction. Cross border leases. Cross border leases, often structured with insignificant residual value. Export credit agency financing. A loan where an export credit agency act as lender, co-lender or guarantor. Import finance. An extension of credit made to an importer that finances his imports. Inventory finance. An extension of credit made to a borrowing entity (be it an importer or exporter) secured against the physical inventory held and owned by that borrower. The inventory may be held in a warehouse. Letter of Credit (L/C). A written undertaking, or obligation, of a bank made at the request of its customer (usually an importer) to honor or pay an exporter against presentation of trade documents that comply with terms specified in the letter of credit. Multilateral agency financing. A loan where a multilateral agency acts as either a lender or a co-lender. Such a loan may benefit from preferred creditor status in the event of shortages of foreign exchange that may be experienced by sovereign governments. Pre-export finance. An extension of credit to an exporter before export of the goods has taken place. This can be secured against the subject goods or sales proceeds, or unsecured. Pre-payment agreement. An extension of credit to an exporter where the source of pay-back is dependent on collections from the end purchaser. The difference between pre-export finance and a pre-payment agreement is that the latter arrangement may involve the buyer of the goods as a contractual party and is in effect a payment for goods in advance of delivery. Promissory notes, bills of exchange and other forms of negotiable instrument. A written promise to pay issued by (or drawn on) an obligor in favor of a beneficiary. Receivables. Receivables or flows of receivables created in consideration for the transfer of goods and services. Supplier Credit. An extension of credit made by a supplier (or exporter) to an importer to finance a purchase of goods. Banks or other lenders may purchase or participate in the credit instrument if the instrument permits transfer. Trade finance related loans and other loan assignments and participations. The Fund expects primarily to purchase trade finance loans and other loans by assignment, transfer or novation from a participant in the original syndicate of lenders or from subsequent holders of such interests. When a loan is assigned, transferred or novated, the Fund generally is a lender of record on the loan agreement and has full voting rights per the loan agreement. The Fund may also purchase participations on a primary basis from a mandated lead arranger during the formation of the original syndicate making such loans. Loan participations typically represent direct participations in a loan to a corporate or other borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or on behalf of themselves or the lending syndicate. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate or other borrower and may assume the credit or counterparty risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. In addition, the Fund will be subject to the requirements of each loan agreement, which may differ. Typically, however, taking action under a loan agreement requires action by more than one lender and, generally, no one lender, unless they are at least a majority lender, can act unilaterally. Fixed-Income Securities Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer’s earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities. A security’s yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security’s yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields. The following describes the fixed-income securities in which the Fund principally invests: Treasury Securities (A Fixed-Income Security) Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks. Government Securities (A Fixed-Income Security) Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal. Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) in support of such obligations. Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future. The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee protects against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks. Corporate Debt Securities (A Fixed-Income Security) Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The Fund may also purchase interests in bank loans to companies. The credit risks of corporate debt securities vary widely among issuers. In addition, the credit risk of an issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital-securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements. Asset-Backed Securities (A Fixed-Income Security) Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of notes or pass-through certificates. Lower-Rated, Fixed-Income Securities Lower-rated, fixed-income securities are securities rated below investment grade (i.e., BB or lower) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). There is no minimal acceptable rating for a security to be purchased or held by the Fund and the Fund may purchase or hold unrated securities and securities whose issuers are in default. Foreign Securities Foreign securities are securities of issuers based outside the United States. To the extent a Fund invests in securities included in its applicable broad-based securities market index, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the applicable index classifies the issuer as based outside the United States. Accordingly, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the issuer satisfies at least one, but not necessarily all, of the following: ◾ it is organized under the laws of, or has its principal office located in, another country; ◾ the principal trading market for its securities is in another country; ◾ it (directly or through its consolidated subsidiaries) derived in its most current fiscal year at least 50% of its total assets, capitalization, gross revenue or profit from goods produced, services performed or sales made in another country; or ◾ it is classified by an applicable index as based outside the United States. Foreign securities are primarily denominated in foreign currencies. Along with the risks normally associated with domestic securities of the same type, foreign securities are subject to currency risks and risks of foreign investing. Trading in certain foreign markets is also subject to liquidity risks. Foreign Government Securities (A Type of Foreign Fixed-Income Security) Foreign government securities generally consist of fixed-income securities supported by national, state or provincial governments or similar political subdivisions. Foreign government securities also include debt obligations of supranational entities, such as international organizations designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”), the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Foreign government securities also include fixed-income securities of quasi-governmental agencies that are either issued by entities owned by a national, state or equivalent government or are obligations of a political unit that are not backed by the national government’s full faith and credit. Further, foreign government securities include mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by national, state or provincial governmental instrumentalities, including quasi-governmental agencies. Foreign Exchange Contracts In order to convert U.S. dollars into the currency needed to buy a foreign security, or to convert foreign currency received from the sale of a foreign security into U.S. dollars, the Fund may enter into spot currency trades. In a spot trade, the Fund agrees to exchange one currency for another at the current exchange rate. The Fund may also enter into derivative contracts in which a foreign currency is an underlying asset. The exchange rate for currency derivative contracts may be higher or lower than the spot exchange rate. Use of these derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to currency risks. Derivative Contracts Derivative contracts are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying securities, commodities, currencies, indices, or other assets or instruments, including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). The most common types of derivative contracts are swaps, futures and options, and major asset classes include interest rates, equities, commodities and foreign exchange. Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a “counterparty.” Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument. Many derivative contracts are traded on exchanges. In these circumstances, the relevant exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Parties to an exchange-traded derivative contract make payments through the exchange. Most exchanges require traders to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects traders against a potential default by their counterparty. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows traders to hedge or mitigate certain risks or carry out more complex trading strategies by entering into offsetting contracts. The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC), meaning off-exchange, in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and an eligible counterparty, which may be a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded derivative contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress. The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain types of swap contracts (including certain interest rate and credit default swaps) through a central clearinghouse known as a derivatives clearing organization (DCO). To clear a swap through a DCO, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearinghouse member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a counterparty other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC’s regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on a registered exchange (either a designated contract market (DCM) or swap execution facility (SEF)). Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps; the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time. DCOs, DCMs, SEFs and FCMs are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, certain derivative market participants that act as market makers and engage in a significant amount of “dealing” activity are also required to register as swap dealers with the CFTC. Among other things, swap dealers are subject to minimum capital requirements and business conduct standards and must also post and collect initial and variation margin on uncleared swaps with certain of their counterparties. Because of this, if the Fund enters into uncleared swaps with any swap dealers, it may be subject to initial and variation margin requirements that could impact the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market, including making transacting in uncleared swaps significantly more expensive. At this point in time, most of the Dodd-Frank Act has been fully implemented, though a small number of remaining rulemakings are unfinished or are subject to phase-in periods. Any future regulatory or legislative activity would not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, though it is within the realm of possibility that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a DCO, or certain other factors, such as collecting margin from the counterparty. As discussed above, a counterparty’s exposure under a derivative contract may in some cases be required to be secured with initial and/or variation margin (a form of “collateral”). The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts: Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative) Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Act with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as, currency futures and currency forward contracts. Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative) Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or “exercises”) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts. Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative) A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party’s payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, total return swaps, credit default swaps and currency swaps. Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques Hybrid Instruments Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, currency, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument. Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities, currencies and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks. Derivatives Regulation and Asset Coverage The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In addition, effective August 19, 2022, Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), replaced the asset segregation framework previously used by funds to comply with limitations on leverage imposed by the 1940 Act. The Derivatives Rule generally mandates that a fund either limit derivatives exposure to 10% or less of its net assets, or in the alternative implement: (i) limits on leverage calculated based value-at-risk (VAR); (ii) a written derivatives risk management program (DRMP) administered by a derivatives risk manager appointed by the Fund’s Board, including a majority of the independent Board members, that is periodically reviewed by the Board; and (iii) new reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities The Fund’s Adviser will determine whether a security is investment grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). For example, Standard & Poor’s, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer’s inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Fund’s Adviser’s credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade. If a security is downgraded below the minimum quality grade discussed above, the Fund’s Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it. Investment Ratings for NonInvestment-Grade Securities Noninvestment-grade securities are rated below BBB- by an NRSRO. These bonds have greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. Illiquid Securities Illiquid securities are securities that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. These may include private placements, repurchase agreements that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, and securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies, managing its uninvested cash and/or other investment reasons consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and investment strategies. These other investment companies, which may include shares of an affiliated fund, including a money market fund, are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. These investments also can create conflicts of interest for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquired fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the Adviser to the Fund could make a decision to redeem the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund. In the case of an investment in an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund, the acquired fund is able to garner more assets, thereby growing the acquired fund and increasing the management fees received by the investment adviser to the acquired fund, which would either be the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of making investments in other investment companies should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses and resulting conflicts of interest. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly. Additional Information Regarding the Security Selection Process As part of analysis in its security selection process, among other factors, the Adviser also evaluates whether environmental, social and governance factors could have positive or negative impact on the risk profiles of many issuers or guarantors in the universe of securities in which the Fund may invest. The Adviser may also consider information derived from active engagements conducted by its in-house stewardship team with certain issuers or guarantors on environmental, social and governance topics. This qualitative analysis does not automatically result in including or excluding specific securities but may be used by Federated Hermes as an additional input in its primary analysis.
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| Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | Risk Factors An investment in the Fund involves investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose some or all of your money by investing in the Fund. The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund’s non-principal investments are described in the Fund’s SAI. The Fund’s SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments. Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class. Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following: Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security. Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities. Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange. Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale. Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk. Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation. Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness. Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments. Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.” Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful. Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof, ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested. Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale. Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source. Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements. Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost. The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost. Interest Rate Risk Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%. Issuer Credit Risk It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance. Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment. Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged. Counterparty Credit Risk Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy. PREPAYMENT AND EXTENSION RISK During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise. CALL RISK Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics. LIQUIDITY RISK Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses. OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted. Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund. Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal. SECTOR RISK Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector. RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy. Epidemic and Pandemic Risk An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. Geopolitical Risk Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession. Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time. Risk of Foreign Investing Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors. Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States. Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding. Currency Risk Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law. Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency. Leverage Risk Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark. Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks. Illiquidity of Shares The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund. Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the Fund, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased. In addition, in extreme cases, the Fund may not be able to complete repurchases due to the Fund’s holding of illiquid investments. In that event, you may be able to sell your Shares only if you are able to find an investor willing to purchase your Shares. Any such sale may have to be negotiated at unfavorable prices and must comply with applicable securities laws and must be approved by the Board. Due to the requirements regarding tenders offers and the frequency with which the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares, in the event the Fund makes repurchase offers it is unlikely that the Fund will be able to extend the expiration date of, or increase the amount of, any repurchase offer, which may result in an investor needing to subscribe to more than one repurchase offer to exit the Fund in the case of oversubscribed repurchase offers. Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the Fund, the Fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the Fund to do this; however, it may occur. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts. Large Shareholder Risk A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. technology Risk The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
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| Capital Stock [Table Text Block] | Description of Capital Structure SUMMARY OF THE DECLARATION OF TRUST An investor in the Fund will be a Shareholder of the Fund and his or her rights in the Fund will be established and governed by the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The following is a summary description of additional items and of select provisions of the Declaration of Trust that may not be described elsewhere in this Prospectus or the SAI. The description of such items and provisions is not definitive and reference should be made to the complete text of the Declaration of Trust. LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION Under Delaware law and the Declaration of Trust, each Shareholder will be liable for the debts and obligations of the Fund only to the extent of the value of such Shareholder’s Shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) shall not be liable to the Fund or any of the Shareholders for any loss or damage occasioned by any act or omission in the performance of their services as such in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office or as otherwise required by applicable law. The Declaration of Trust also contains provisions for the indemnification, to the extent permitted by law, of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) by the Fund (but not by the Shareholders individually) against any liability and expense to which any of them may be liable that arise in connection with the performance of their activities on behalf of the Fund. None of these persons shall be personally liable to any Shareholder by reason of any change in the federal or state income tax laws applicable to the Fund or its Shareholders. The rights of indemnification and exculpation provided under the Declaration of Trust shall not be construed so as to limit liability or provide for indemnification of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) for any liability (including liability under applicable federal or state securities laws which, under certain circumstances, impose liability even on persons that act in good faith), to the extent (but only to the extent) that such indemnification or limitation on liability would be in violation of applicable law, but shall be construed so as to effectuate the applicable provisions of the Declaration of Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law. AMENDMENT The Declaration of Trust may generally be amended, in whole or in part, with the approval of a majority of the Trustees (including a majority of the Independent Trustees, if required by the 1940 Act). Shareholders have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) affecting their right to vote granted under the Declaration of Trust; (ii) to the Declaration of Trust’s amendment provision; (iii) for which such vote is required by law; and (iv) submitted to them by the Trustees. TERM, DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION The Fund may be dissolved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees without Shareholder approval, unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act. In doing so, the Trustees may: (i) sell the Fund’s assets to another entity in exchange for interests in the acquiring entity; or (ii) sell all of the Fund’s assets for cash. Following such liquidation, and after payments to creditors and payment of any Fund expenses, the Fund’s Shareholders are entitled to receive the proceeds of such sale, distributed in proportion to the number of Shares held by each Shareholder. Upon termination of the Fund, the Fund will file a certificate terminating its existence as a Delaware statutory trust. SHARES General. All Shares are sold at the most recently calculated net asset value per Share as of the date on which the purchase is accepted. The net asset value of a Share is determined by dividing the Fund’s aggregate net asset value by the number of Shares outstanding at the applicable date. Reserves. Appropriate reserves may be created, accrued, and charged against net assets for contingent liabilities as of the date the contingent liabilities become known to the Fund. Reserves will be in such amounts (subject to increase or reduction) that the Fund may deem necessary or appropriate. The amount of any reserve (or any increase or decrease therein) will be proportionately charged or credited, as appropriate, against net assets. Voting. Each Shareholder has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the number of Shares held by such Shareholder at a meeting of Shareholders called by the Board. Shareholders are entitled to vote on any matter as set forth in the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding their ability to exercise their voting privileges, Shareholders in their capacity as such are not entitled to participate in the management or control of the Fund’s business, and may not act for or bind the Fund.
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| Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block] | As of the date of this Prospectus, there is only a single class of Shares authorized as follows:
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| Risk Of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class.
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| Emerging Markets [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following: Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security. Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities. Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange. Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale. Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk. Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation. Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness. Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments. Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.”
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| Transportation and Warehousing Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful.
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| Legal Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof, ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested.
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| Collateral Price Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale.
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| Liquidity [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source.
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| Market Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements.
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| Specificity of Certain Investments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost. The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost.
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| Issuer Credit Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Issuer Credit Risk It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance. Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment. Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged.
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| Counterparty Credit Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Counterparty Credit Risk Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
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| Prepayment And Extension Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | PREPAYMENT AND EXTENSION RISK During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise.
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| Call Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | CALL RISK Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
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| Liquidity Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | LIQUIDITY RISK Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses. OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted. Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
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| Risk Associated With Non Investment Grade Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.
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| Sector Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SECTOR RISK Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector.
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| Risk Related To The Economy [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
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| Epidemic and Pandemic Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Epidemic and Pandemic Risk An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
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| Geopolitical Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Geopolitical Risk Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession. Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time.
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| Risk Of Foreign Investing [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Foreign Investing Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors. Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States. Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding.
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| Currency Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Currency Risk Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law. Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency.
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| Leverage Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Leverage Risk Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
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| Risk Of Investing In Derivative Contracts And Hybrid Instruments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
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| Illiquidity Of Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Illiquidity of Shares The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund. Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the Fund, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased. In addition, in extreme cases, the Fund may not be able to complete repurchases due to the Fund’s holding of illiquid investments. In that event, you may be able to sell your Shares only if you are able to find an investor willing to purchase your Shares. Any such sale may have to be negotiated at unfavorable prices and must comply with applicable securities laws and must be approved by the Board. Due to the requirements regarding tenders offers and the frequency with which the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares, in the event the Fund makes repurchase offers it is unlikely that the Fund will be able to extend the expiration date of, or increase the amount of, any repurchase offer, which may result in an investor needing to subscribe to more than one repurchase offer to exit the Fund in the case of oversubscribed repurchase offers.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Potential Consequences Of Regular Repurchase Offers [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the Fund, the Fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the Fund to do this; however, it may occur. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts.
|
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| Large Shareholder Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Large Shareholder Risk A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | technology Risk The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rate Risks [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | Interest Rate Risk Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Contact [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cover [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Address Line One | 1001 Liberty Avenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, City or Town | Pittsburgh | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, State or Province | PA | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 15222-3779 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Contact Personnel Name | Peter J. Germain, Esquire | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | percentage of net assets attributable to Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Common | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares | 89,549,689.460 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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