As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2023
1933 Act File No. 333-272108
1940 Act File No. 811-23174
 
 
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
   THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  
   Pre‑Effective Amendment No.      
   Post-Effective Amendment No. 2  
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
   THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  
   Amendment No. 26  
 
 
FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
 
 
Federated Hermes Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7561
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(412) 288‑1900
(Registrant’s Telephone Number)
 
 
Peter J. Germain, Esquire
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
(Notices should be sent to the Agent for Service)
 
 
 
Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans.
 
Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan.
 
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.
 
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.
 
Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
 
when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act
The following boxes should only be included and completed if the registrant is making this filing in accordance with Rule 486 under the Securities Act.
 
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
on November 14, 2023 pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)
 
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)
If appropriate, check the following box:
 
This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
 
This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
 
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
 
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:
 
Registered Closed‑End Fund (closed‑end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).
 
Business Development Company (closed‑end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).
 
Interval Fund (Registered Closed‑End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c‑3 under the Investment Company Act).
 
A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).
 
Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).
 
Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b‑2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”).
 
If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.
 
New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).
 
 
 

Prospectus
November 14, 2023

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

Investment objective. Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund (the “Fund”) commenced operations on December 7, 2016, and is a continuously offered, diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund’s investment objective is to provide total return primarily from income. The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets. Trade finance transactions refer to the capital needed to buy or sell, import or export, products or other tangible goods. Project finance transactions are typically used to build something tangible or to expand existing plant capacity to produce more goods for trade; and the Fund typically invests in project finance deals when the project has been largely completed and goods are being produced for export (i.e., transactions are of a short-term nature). No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved.
The Fund’s shareholder reports will be made available on FederatedHermes.com/us/FundInformation, and you will be notified and provided with a link each time a report is posted to the website. You may request to receive paper reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary, free of charge, at any time. You may also request to receive documents through e-delivery.
Investing in the Fund’s Shares involves certain risks and should not constitute a complete investment program. Risks, including “Risk of Investing in Trade Finance Related Securities,” “Interest Rate Risk,” and “Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments,” are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 22 of this prospectus.
The Fund’s Shares will not be listed on an exchange. It is not anticipated that a secondary market will develop. An investment in the Fund may not be suitable for investors who may need the money they invest in a specified timeframe.

Not FDIC Insured ▪ May Lose Value ▪ No Bank Guarantee

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
Price to Public1
Maximum Sales Load
as a Percentage of
Purchase Amount
Proceeds to
Registrant2
Per Share
At Current NAV
None
Current NAV
Total
$894,601,398
None
$894,601,398
1
Common shares of beneficial interest (the “Shares”) are continuously offered at current net asset value (NAV), which will fluctuate.
2
Total proceeds to the Fund assume that all registered Shares will be sold in a continuous offering. The proceeds may differ from that shown if other than the then-current net asset value at which Shares are sold varies from that shown and/or additional Shares are registered.
The date of this Prospectus is November 14, 2023

Federated Securities Corp. (the “Distributor”) acts as the distributor of the Fund’s Shares, on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. Shares may be purchased through the Distributor or through advisers, brokers, dealers or banks that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor. Neither the Distributor nor any other adviser, broker, dealer or bank is obligated to buy from the Fund any of the Shares.
Portfolio management strategies. Under normal market conditions, the Fund’s investment program will consist primarily of investing in trade finance related securities. It is the Adviser and Sub-Adviser’s (each as defined below) intent to focus the Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities.
The Fund seeks to provide investors with a portfolio that exceeds the ICE BofA US Dollar 1-Month Deposit Offered Rate Constant Maturity Index with low volatility and low correlation to stock and fixed income market returns as well as commodities. The Fund’s investments are expected to consist primarily of loans, or similar instruments used directly or indirectly to finance domestic and international trade and related infrastructure projects. These are expected to include, but not be limited to, facilities for pre-export finance, process and commodities finance, receivables financing, letters of credit and other documentary credits, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments. The Fund may gain exposure to such investments by way of purchase, assignment, participation, sub-participation, guarantee, insurance, derivative or any other appropriate financial instrument. The Fund invests only in funded letters of credit and other instruments that do not create unfunded commitments to lend. The Fund may also take positions in more traditional assets including bonds, equities and foreign exchange instruments for the purpose of hedging and investment. The Fund, from time to time, may also use currency forwards for hedging purposes. However, although not generally anticipated to be used, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. Derivative investments made by the Fund are included within the Fund’s 80% policy and are calculated at market value. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. Up to 20% of the Fund’s assets may be invested in other types of fixed-income securities and money market instruments.
Adviser and Sub-Adviser. The Fund’s investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (FIMC or the “Adviser”). As of December 31, 2022, FIMC and its affiliates managed approximately $668.9 billion. FIMC has engaged Federated Hermes (UK) LLP (the “Sub-Adviser”) as a sub-adviser to the Fund. As of December 31, 2022, the Sub-Adviser acted as investment adviser for and/or managed approximately $7.5 billion of assets. Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) and pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will act as sub-investment adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities for the Fund.

This prospectus contains information you should know before investing, including information about risks. Please read it before you invest and keep it for future reference. Copies of the Fund’s semi-annual and annual reports, when available, may be obtained without charge by writing to the Fund at its address at 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7561 or by calling the Fund at 1-855-328-0109. Copies of the Fund’s semi-annual and annual reports, when available, may also be obtained without charge at FederatedHermes.com/us. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (sec.gov) that contains the annual and semi-annual reports and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.
A Statement of Additional Information dated November 14, 2023 (SAI) has been filed with the SEC and can be obtained without charge by calling 1-855-328-0109 or by writing to the Fund. Copies of the SAI may also be obtained free of charge at FederatedHermes.com/us. A table of contents to the SAI is located on page 42 of this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the entire Statement of Additional Information. The Statement of Additional Information is available along with shareholder reports and other Fund-related materials from the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (sec.gov) or, upon payment of copying fees, by contacting the SEC by electronic mail at publicinfo@sec.gov. The Fund’s address is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561.
The Fund’s shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The Fund has not, and the Distributor has not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither the Fund nor the Distributor is making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information provided by this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this prospectus. The Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations may have changed since the date of this prospectus.

Prospectus Summary
This is only a summary. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund’s Shares. You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information, especially the information set forth under the heading “Investment Objectives and Policies” and “Risk Factors.”
The Fund
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund (the “Fund”) commenced operations on December 7, 2016 and is a continuously offered, diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund’s investment objective is to provide total return primarily from income. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The Fund’s investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (FIMC or the “Adviser”). Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) Federated Hermes (UK) LLP (the “Sub-Adviser”) will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities for the Fund.
The OFFERING
The Fund continuously offers and sells shares of beneficial interests (the “Shares”). Investors who purchase Shares in the offering, and other persons who acquire Shares and are admitted to the Fund by its Board of Trustees (each individually a “Trustee” and collectively, the “Board”), will become shareholders of the Fund (the “Shareholders”). The Fund currently intends to accept purchases of Shares as of the last business day of each calendar month, typically following 30 calendar days’ advance notice, which may be waived at the discretion of the Board, or at such other times as may be determined by the Board. All Shares are sold at the most recently calculated net asset value per Share as of the date on which the purchase is accepted. The minimum initial investment in the Fund by any account is $100,000, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $25,000. The minimum investment amounts may be reduced or waived. See “Purchase Terms.” At the discretion of the Board and provided that it is in the best interests of the Fund and Shareholders to do so, the Fund intends to provide a limited degree of liquidity to the Shareholders by conducting repurchase offers generally quarterly. In each repurchase offer, the Fund may offer to repurchase its Shares at their NAV on the relevant valuation date. See “Repurchases and Transfers of Shares.”
Investment Objective and Strategies
The Fund’s investment objective is to provide total return primarily from income. While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund anticipates that approximately 75% or more of its assets may be invested in trade finance related securities of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. Trade finance transactions refer to the capital needed to buy or sell, or import or export, products or other tangible goods. Project finance transactions are typically used to build something tangible or to expand existing plant capacity to produce more goods for trade; and the Fund typically invests in project finance deals when the project has been largely completed and goods are being produced for export (i.e., transactions are of a short-term nature).
Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to hold its positions through to maturity. There are no limits on the Fund’s average-weighted maturity. However, under normal conditions, the Fund is anticipated to have an average dollar-weighted maturity of not more than 24 months. The Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments).
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser believe that trade finance is a risk mitigated asset class and historically, while trade finance is not immune from default arising from credit or sovereign risk factors, during these periods of financial stress, treatment of trade finance creditors typically has been preferential either formally or informally as a result of:
◾ The underlying use or purpose of funds (critical imports or key exports, governmental economic priorities, etc.);
◾ The types of transactional security (export contracts, escrow accounts, inventory, fixed assets, etc.); and
◾ The recognition of the economic benefit that is derived from trade generally.
For purposes of this Prospectus, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, are sometimes referred to together, as applicable, as the “Fund’s Adviser.”
1

During sovereign and corporate restructurings, trade finance related securities can achieve differentiated treatment in a default and then recovery situation compared to other forms of debt.
The Fund’s investments are expected to consist primarily of loans, or similar instruments used to finance domestic and international trade and related infrastructure projects. These are expected to include, but not be limited to, facilities for pre-export finance, process and commodities finance, receivables financing, letters of credit and other documentary credits, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments. The Fund may engage in such investments by way of purchase, assignment, participation, guarantee, insurance, derivative or any other appropriate financial instrument. The Fund invests only in funded letters of credit and other instruments that do not create unfunded commitments to lend.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities and obligations for which there is no readily available trading market or which are otherwise illiquid, including trade finance securities and other fixed-income or derivative instruments.
The Fund may also take positions in traditional assets including bonds, (investment-grade or noninvestment-grade (otherwise known as “junk bonds”)) debt securities, equities, foreign exchange instruments, as well as derivatives for the purposes set forth below. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of derivatives will work as intended. Derivative investments made by the Fund are included within the Fund’s 80% policy (as described below) and are calculated at market value. The instruments in which the Fund invests may be guaranteed by the U.S. government. A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments will be in obligations of non-U.S. issuers or borrowers, including those of issuers in emerging markets.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. Up to 20% of the Fund’s assets may be invested in other types of fixed-income securities and money market instruments as described in this Prospectus. It is the Fund’s Adviser’s intent to focus the Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities.
Because the Fund refers to trade finance related securities in its name, it will notify Shareholders at least 60 days in advance of any change in its investment policies that would enable the Fund to normally invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities.
Investment Selection Strategies
The Fund’s Adviser analyzes the risk-adjusted return characteristics of potential financings and conducts initial expected annual excess return calculations and due diligence analysis of the facility and the obligor to evaluate if they are appropriate investments. Analysis includes:
Origination. Assess quality and track record of originator, define originator’s role in the transaction and define originator’s relationship with the borrower. At this stage, documents are reviewed such as, but not limited to: the offtake contracts, loan agreement, legal opinions, expert consultants’ reports, and insurance policies if applicable.
Obligor. A thorough review of obligor including, but not limited to: credit analysis, shareholders, market position, access to capital markets and quality of audit/accounting firm. Typically, three years of audited financials and projections are required, among other credit-analysis tools to make this assessment.
Country. A country’s credit rating, historic treatment of trade flows, the importance of the sector to this country and currency convertibility are all considered.
Sector. Evaluated under the following considerations: Strategic priority, critical imports, foreign exchange earner, macro sector themes, and liquidity and tax/tariff issues.
Mitigants. The proposed transaction is also evaluated by its ability to mitigate risks such as, but not limited to: country, production, quality, market, operational and payment issues risks, commodity, price, environmental, country and legal. Documentation considerations are also examined closely.
The transaction is then analyzed for its portfolio suitability based upon:
Deal Structure. Tenor, grace period, amortization schedule, drawing conditions and financing structure of the deal are thoroughly reviewed.
Deal Pricing. Relative value of spreads to market, value for risk and return projections are carefully considered.
Portfolio. The tenor, yield target and concentration of the Fund’s portfolio are carefully considered. Concentration analysis includes region, country, and sector and obligor structure.
2

Temporary Investments
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in shorter-term debt securities and similar obligations or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic, or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate securities); to maintain liquidity to meet Shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such investments could affect the Fund’s investment returns and/or the ability to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives.
ERISA PLANS AND OTHER TAX-EXEMPT ENTITIES
Investors subject to ERISA and other tax-exempt entities, including employee benefit plans, individual retirement accounts (each, an IRA) and 401(k) Plans (collectively, “ERISA Plans”) may purchase Shares. Because the Fund is an investment company registered under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of an ERISA Plan investing in the Fund for purposes of ERISA’s fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules. Thus, the Adviser will not be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the ERISA Plan’s investment in the Fund.
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser
The Fund’s investment adviser is FIMC. As of December 31, 2022, FIMC and its affiliates managed approximately $668.9 billion. FIMC has engaged the Sub-Adviser as a sub-adviser to the Fund. As of December 31, 2022, the Sub-Adviser acted as investment adviser for and/or managed approximately $7.5 billion of assets. Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board and pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser will act as sub-investment adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities for the Fund.
Distributions
The Fund intends to make regular quarterly cash distributions to Shareholders. The Fund will distribute annually any net short-term capital gain and any net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss). Distributions to Shareholders cannot be assured, and the amount of each quarterly distribution is likely to vary. See “Distributions” and “Federal Income Tax Matters.”
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Each Shareholder will automatically be a participant under the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) and have all income dividends and/or capital gains distributions automatically reinvested in Shares. Election not to participate in the DRP and to receive all income dividends and/or capital gains distributions, if any, in cash may be made by notice to the Fund or, if applicable, to a Shareholder’s broker or other intermediary (who should be directed to inform the Fund).
Closed-end FUND StructureLIMITED LIQUIDITY
The Fund has been organized as a closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) in that closed-end fund shareholders do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. In order to meet daily redemption requests, mutual funds are subject to more stringent regulatory limitations than closed-end funds. In particular, a mutual fund generally may not invest more than 15% of its assets in illiquid securities.
The Fund will not list the Shares on any securities exchange, and it is not expected that any secondary market will develop for the Shares. Shareholders will not be able to tender for repurchase their Shares on a daily basis because the Fund is a closed-end fund. Shares may not currently be exchanged for shares of any other fund. However, in order to provide liquidity, the Fund intends on a quarterly basis to conduct repurchase offers for a portion of its outstanding Shares. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares. Shares should be viewed as a long-term investment.
3

REPURCHASES OF SHARES BY THE FUND
Because the Fund is a closed-end fund, shareholders do not have the right to require the Fund to repurchase any or all of their Shares. At the discretion of the Board and provided that it is in the best interests of the Fund and Shareholders to do so, the Fund intends to provide a limited degree of liquidity to the Shareholders by conducting repurchase offers generally quarterly (or more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its discretion). In each repurchase offer, the Fund may offer to repurchase its Shares at their NAV on the relevant valuation date (each, a “Valuation Date”), which will occur on or before the expiration date of the repurchase offer (the “Expiration Date”). Each repurchase offer ordinarily will be limited to the repurchase of approximately 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund, although the Board can determine to authorize the Fund to repurchase in excess of 15% of the net asset value of the Fund in its discretion. If the value of Shares tendered for repurchase exceeds the value the Fund intended to repurchase, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may (a) accept the additional Shares permitted to be accepted pursuant to Rule 13e-4(f) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); or (b) determine to repurchase less than the full number of Shares tendered. In the event less than the full number of Shares tendered will be repurchased, Shareholders will have their Shares repurchased on a pro rata basis, and tendering Shareholders will not have all of their tendered Shares repurchased by the Fund. Shareholders tendering Shares for repurchase will be asked to give written notice of their intent to do so as soon as practicable and in any event by no later than the date specified in the notice describing the terms of the applicable repurchase offer (i.e., the Expiration Date). See “Repurchases and Transfers of Shares.”
The Expiration Date will be a date set by the Board occurring no sooner than twenty (20) business days after the commencement date of the repurchase offer and at least ten (10) business days from the date that notice of an increase or decrease in the percentage of the securities being sought or consideration offered is first published, sent or given to Shareholders. The Expiration Date may be extended by the Board in its sole discretion. The Fund will not accept any repurchase request received by it or its designated agent after the Expiration Date.
The Fund has the right to repurchase Shares from a Shareholder if the Board determines that the repurchase is in the best interests of the Fund or upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Fund’s Declaration of Trust.
The Fund will repurchase Shares and remit the repurchase price to Shareholders within five (5) business days after the Expiration Date.
Additional Liquidity Information: If a Shareholder submits Shares for repurchase by the Fund in accordance with the tender offer procedures and the Fund has not repurchased all of those Shares within three years from the Valuation Date of the applicable repurchase offer period, then the Fund will, in accordance with the terms of its Declaration of Trust, be dissolved and liquidated. See “Repurchases and Transfers of SharesNo Right of Redemption” and “Repurchases of Shares.”
Special Risk Considerations
The following describes various principal risks of investing in the Fund. A more detailed description of these and other risks of investing in the Fund are described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and under “Investment Risks” in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information.
Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class.
Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following:
Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security.
4

Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities.
Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange.
Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale.
Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk.
Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation.
Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness.
Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (RIC) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments.
Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.”
Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful.
5

Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof, ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested.
Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale.
Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source.
Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements.
Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost.
The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost.
Interest Rate Risk
Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%.
Issuer Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Non-investment grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
6

Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise.
Call Risk
Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price.
If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
Liquidity Risk
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.
7

Sector Risk
Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector.
Risk Related to the Economy
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk
An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Geopolitical Risk
Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession.
8

Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time.
Risk of Foreign Investing
Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors.
Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States.
Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding.
Currency Risk
Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.
Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law.
Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency.
Leverage Risk
Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
9

Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
Illiquidity of Shares
The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund. Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer.
10

Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers
The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain an increased amount of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for certain of the Fund’s private securities, the Fund may be forced to sell its more liquid securities, in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts.
Large Shareholder Risk
A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund.
Technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
11

Summary of Fund Expenses
The purpose of the table below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly.
 
 
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
 
Sales Load paid by you (as a percentage of offering price)
None
Annual Expenses (percentage of net assets attributable to Shares)
 
Management Fee
0.50%
Other Expenses1
0.15%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.67%
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements2
(0.24)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements
0.43%
1
“Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year.
2
The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, proxy-related expenses, premiums for risk insurance policies on portfolio securities and certain legal fees related to specific investments paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund’s Shares (after the waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.40% (the “Fee Limit”) up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) December 1, 2024; or (b) the date of the Fund’s next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Shares, for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods assuming (1) total annual expenses of 0.67% of net assets attributable to the Shares and (2) a 5% annual return:*
1 Year
$7
3 Years
$21
5 Years
$37
10 Years
$83
The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses.

Actual expenses may be higher or lower.
*
The example assumes that the Operating Expenses remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on reinvested dividends. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your cost would be higher. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
12

Financial Information
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for its past ten fiscal years or since inception, if the life of the Fund is shorter. Some of the information is presented on a per share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends or capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
13

Financial Highlights
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
 
Year Ended March 31,
Period
Ended
3/31/20171
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period
$9.80
$9.92
$9.71
$9.98
$10.00
$10.02
$10.01
Income From Investment Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
0.462
0.192
0.252
0.392
0.45
0.282
0.02
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
0.12
(0.11)
0.22
(0.27)
(0.01)
0.02
0.003
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
0.58
0.08
0.47
0.12
0.44
0.30
0.02
Less Distributions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions from net investment income
(0.51)
(0.20)
(0.26)
(0.38)
(0.45)
(0.32)
(0.01)
Distributions from net realized gain
(0.00)3
(0.00)3
(0.00)3
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.00)3
__
TOTAL DISTRIBUTIONS
(0.51)
(0.20)
(0.26)
(0.39)
(0.46)
(0.32)
(0.01)
Net Asset Value, End of Period
$9.87
$9.80
$9.92
$9.71
$9.98
$10.00
$10.02
Total Return4
6.07%
0.80%
4.91%
1.13%
4.42%
3.04%
0.22%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net expenses5
0.41%
0.41%
0.71%
0.71%
0.70%
0.67%
0.34%6
Net investment income
4.70%
1.94%
2.57%
3.94%
4.44%
2.74%
1.37%6
Expense waiver/reimbursement7
0.24%
0.22%
0.44%
0.32%
0.29%
0.34%
1.72%6
Supplemental Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted)
$577,272
$560,685
$39,835
$63,873
$51,680
$49,484
$70,873
Portfolio turnover8
52%
36%
47%
73%
57%
39%
4%
1
Reflects operations for the period from January 31, 2017 (date of initial public investment) to March 31, 2017. During the period prior to date of initial public investment, a distribution of $0.012 per share was made to the Adviser.
2
Per share numbers have been calculated using the average shares method.
3
Represents less than $0.01.
4
Based on net asset value. Total returns for periods of less than one year are not annualized.
5
Amount does not reflect net expenses incurred by investment companies in which the Fund may invest.
6
Computed on an annualized basis.
7
This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and the net investment income ratios shown above. Amount does not reflect expense waiver/reimbursement recorded by investment companies in which the Fund may invest.
8
Securities that mature are considered sales for purposes of this calculation.
Further information about the Fund’s performance is contained in the Fund’s Annual Report, dated March 31, 2023, which can be obtained free of charge.
14

The Fund
The Fund, which commenced operations on December 7, 2016, is a continuously offered, diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on June 30, 2016, pursuant to a Certificate of Trust, which is governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. The Fund has a limited operating history. The Fund’s principal office is located at 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7561, and its telephone number is 1-855-328-0109. The Fund’s investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (FIMC or the “Adviser”). Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”), Federated Hermes (UK) LLP (the “Sub-Adviser”) will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities of the Fund.
Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds to the Fund will be invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies (as stated below) as soon as practicable. The Fund currently anticipates being able to do so, under normal circumstances, within three months after receipt. Pending investment of the net proceeds in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, the Fund will invest in high-quality, short-term debt securities, cash and/or cash equivalents. Investors should expect, therefore, that before the Fund has fully invested the proceeds of the offering in accordance with its investment objectives and policies, the Fund would earn interest income at a modest rate. If the Fund’s investments are delayed, the first planned distribution could consist principally of a return of capital.
Investment Objective and Policies
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide total return primarily from income.
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund anticipates that approximately 75% or more of its assets may be invested in trade finance related securities of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. Trade finance transactions refer to the capital needed to buy or sell, or import or export, products or other tangible goods. Project finance transactions are typically used to build something tangible or to expand existing plant capacity to produce more goods for trade; and the Fund typically invests in project finance deals when the project has been largely completed and goods are being produced for export (i.e., transactions are of a short-term nature).
Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to hold its positions through to maturity. There are no limits on the Fund’s average-weighted maturity. However, under normal conditions, the Fund is anticipated to have an average dollar-weighted maturity of not more than 24 months. The Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments).
Primary Investment Policies
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser believe that trade finance is a risk mitigated asset class and historically, while trade finance is not immune from default arising from credit or sovereign risk factors, during these periods of financial stress, treatment of trade finance creditors typically has been preferential either formally or informally as a result of:
◾ The underlying use or purpose of funds (critical imports or key exports, governmental economic priorities, etc.);
◾ The types of transactional security (export contracts, escrow accounts, inventory, fixed assets, etc.); and
◾ The recognition of the economic benefit that is derived from trade generally.
For purposes of this Prospectus, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, are sometimes referred to together, as applicable, as the “Fund’s Adviser.”
During sovereign and corporate restructurings, trade finance related securities can achieve differentiated treatment in a default and then recovery situation compared to other forms of debt.
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The Fund’s investments are expected to consist primarily of loans, or similar instruments used to finance domestic and international trade and related infrastructure projects. These are expected to include, but not be limited to, facilities for pre-export finance, process and commodities finance, receivables financing, letters of credit and other documentary credits, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments. The Fund may engage in such investments by way of purchase, assignment, participation, guarantee, insurance, derivative or any other appropriate financial instrument. The Fund invests only in funded letters of credit and other instruments that do not create unfunded commitments to lend.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities and obligations for which there is no readily available trading market or which are otherwise illiquid, including trade finance securities and other fixed-income or derivative instruments.
The Fund may also take positions in traditional assets including bonds, (investment-grade or noninvestment-grade (otherwise known as “junk bonds”)) debt securities, equities, foreign exchange instruments, as well as derivatives for the purposes set forth below. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of derivatives will work as intended. Derivative investments made by the Fund are included within the Fund’s 80% policy (as described below) and are calculated at market value. The instruments in which the Fund invests may be guaranteed by the U.S. government. A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments will be in obligations of non-U.S. issuers or borrowers, including those of issuers in emerging markets.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. Up to 20% of the Fund’s assets may be invested in other types of fixed-income securities and money market instruments as described in this Prospectus. It is the Fund’s Adviser’s intent to focus the Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities.
Because the Fund refers to trade finance related securities in its name, it will notify Shareholders at least 60 days in advance of any change in its investment policies that would enable the Fund to normally invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities.
The Fund’s Adviser analyzes the risk-adjusted return characteristics of potential financings and conducts initial expected annual excess return calculations and due diligence analysis of the facility and the obligor to evaluate if they are appropriate investments. Analysis includes:
Origination. Assess quality and track record of originator, define originator’s role in the transaction and define originator’s relationship with the borrower. At this stage, documents are reviewed such as, but not limited to: the offtake contracts, loan agreement, legal opinions, expert consultants’ reports, and insurance policies if applicable.
Obligor. A thorough review of obligor including, but not limited to: credit analysis, shareholders, market position, access to capital markets and quality of audit/accounting firm. Typically, three years of audited financials and projections are required, among other credit-analysis tools to make this assessment.
Country. A country’s credit rating, historic treatment of trade flows, the importance of the sector to this country and currency convertibility are all considered.
Sector. Evaluated under the following considerations: Strategic priority, critical imports, foreign exchange earner, macro sector themes, and liquidity and tax/tariff issues.
Mitigants. The proposed transaction is also evaluated by its ability to mitigate risks such as, but not limited to: country, production, quality, market, operational and payment issues risks, commodity, price, environmental, country and legal. Documentation considerations are also examined closely.
The transaction is then analyzed for its portfolio suitability based upon:
Deal Structure. Tenor, grace period, amortization schedule, drawing conditions and financing structure of the deal are thoroughly reviewed.
Deal Pricing. Relative value of spreads to market, value for risk and return projections are carefully considered.
Portfolio. The tenor, yield target and concentration of the Fund’s portfolio are carefully considered. Concentration analysis includes region, country, and sector and obligor structure.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in shorter-term debt securities and similar obligations or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic, or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate securities); to maintain liquidity to meet Shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such investments could affect the Fund’s investment returns and/or the ability to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives.
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Primary Investment Types
The following provides general information on the Fund’s principal investments. The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund’s non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund’s principal investments.
Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund’s Adviser will attempt to identify opportunities and invest the Fund’s assets in trade finance related securities. Specifically, these securities will consist of trade finance, structured trade finance, project finance or export finance transactions where there is a flow of goods or services (typically of a cross-border nature) and a financing need. These trade finance structures are subject to significant individual variation but typical structures may include but not be limited to the following:
Buyer’s credit. An extension of credit typically made by a bank to a buyer of goods (i.e., importer) to finance the purchase of goods under a commercial contract of sale.
Contract frustration and trade credit indemnity. An insurance policy issued by an insurer in favor of an insured (typically a supplier or a bank) that provides conditional coverage to the insured against loss incurred as a result of non-payment/non-delivery by an obligor involved in a trade transaction.
Cross border leases. Cross border leases, often structured with insignificant residual value.
Export credit agency financing. A loan where an export credit agency act as lender, co-lender or guarantor.
Import finance. An extension of credit made to an importer that finances his imports.
Inventory finance. An extension of credit made to a borrowing entity (be it an importer or exporter) secured against the physical inventory held and owned by that borrower. The inventory may be held in a warehouse.
Letter of Credit (L/C). A written undertaking, or obligation, of a bank made at the request of its customer (usually an importer) to honor or pay an exporter against presentation of trade documents that comply with terms specified in the letter of credit.
Multilateral agency financing. A loan where a multilateral agency acts as either a lender or a co-lender. Such a loan may benefit from preferred creditor status in the event of shortages of foreign exchange that may be experienced by sovereign governments.
Pre-export finance. An extension of credit to an exporter before export of the goods has taken place. This can be secured against the subject goods or sales proceeds, or unsecured.
Pre-payment agreement. An extension of credit to an exporter where the source of pay-back is dependent on collections from the end purchaser. The difference between pre-export finance and a pre-payment agreement is that the latter arrangement may involve the buyer of the goods as a contractual party and is in effect a payment for goods in advance of delivery.
Promissory notes, bills of exchange and other forms of negotiable instrument. A written promise to pay issued by (or drawn on) an obligor in favor of a beneficiary.
Receivables. Receivables or flows of receivables created in consideration for the transfer of goods and services.
Supplier Credit. An extension of credit made by a supplier (or exporter) to an importer to finance a purchase of goods. Banks or other lenders may purchase or participate in the credit instrument if the instrument permits transfer.
Trade finance related loans and other loan assignments and participations. The Fund expects primarily to purchase trade finance loans and other loans by assignment, transfer or novation from a participant in the original syndicate of lenders or from subsequent holders of such interests. When a loan is assigned, transferred or novated, the Fund generally is a lender of record on the loan agreement and has full voting rights per the loan agreement. The Fund may also purchase participations on a primary basis from a mandated lead arranger during the formation of the original syndicate making such loans. Loan participations typically represent direct participations in a loan to a corporate or other borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or on behalf of themselves or the lending syndicate. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate or other borrower and may assume the credit or counterparty risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. In addition, the Fund will be subject to the requirements of each loan agreement, which may differ. Typically, however, taking action under a loan agreement requires action by more than one lender and, generally, no one lender, unless they are at least a majority lender, can act unilaterally.
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Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer’s earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security’s yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security’s yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following describes the fixed-income securities in which the Fund principally invests:
Treasury Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Government Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee protects against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The Fund may also purchase interests in bank loans to companies. The credit risks of corporate debt securities vary widely among issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital-securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of notes or pass-through certificates.
Lower-Rated, Fixed-Income Securities
Lower-rated, fixed-income securities are securities rated below investment grade (i.e., BB or lower) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). There is no minimal acceptable rating for a security to be purchased or held by the Fund and the Fund may purchase or hold unrated securities and securities whose issuers are in default.
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Foreign Securities
Foreign securities are securities of issuers based outside the United States. To the extent a Fund invests in securities included in its applicable broad-based securities market index, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the applicable index classifies the issuer as based outside the United States. Accordingly, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the issuer satisfies at least one, but not necessarily all, of the following:
◾ it is organized under the laws of, or has its principal office located in, another country;
◾ the principal trading market for its securities is in another country;
◾ it (directly or through its consolidated subsidiaries) derived in its most current fiscal year at least 50% of its total assets, capitalization, gross revenue or profit from goods produced, services performed or sales made in another country; or
◾ it is classified by an applicable index as based outside the United States.
Foreign securities are primarily denominated in foreign currencies. Along with the risks normally associated with domestic securities of the same type, foreign securities are subject to currency risks and risks of foreign investing. Trading in certain foreign markets is also subject to liquidity risks.
Foreign Government Securities (A Type of Foreign Fixed-Income Security)
Foreign government securities generally consist of fixed-income securities supported by national, state or provincial governments or similar political subdivisions. Foreign government securities also include debt obligations of supranational entities, such as international organizations designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”), the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
Foreign government securities also include fixed-income securities of quasi-governmental agencies that are either issued by entities owned by a national, state or equivalent government or are obligations of a political unit that are not backed by the national government’s full faith and credit. Further, foreign government securities include mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by national, state or provincial governmental instrumentalities, including quasi-governmental agencies.
Foreign Exchange Contracts
In order to convert U.S. dollars into the currency needed to buy a foreign security, or to convert foreign currency received from the sale of a foreign security into U.S. dollars, the Fund may enter into spot currency trades. In a spot trade, the Fund agrees to exchange one currency for another at the current exchange rate. The Fund may also enter into derivative contracts in which a foreign currency is an underlying asset. The exchange rate for currency derivative contracts may be higher or lower than the spot exchange rate. Use of these derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to currency risks.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying securities, commodities, currencies, indices, or other assets or instruments, including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). The most common types of derivative contracts are swaps, futures and options, and major asset classes include interest rates, equities, commodities and foreign exchange. Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a “counterparty.” Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on exchanges. In these circumstances, the relevant exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Parties to an exchange-traded derivative contract make payments through the exchange. Most exchanges require traders to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects traders against a potential default by their counterparty. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows traders to hedge or mitigate certain risks or carry out more complex trading strategies by entering into offsetting contracts.
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The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC), meaning off-exchange, in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and an eligible counterparty, which may be a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded derivative contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain types of swap contracts (including certain interest rate and credit default swaps) through a central clearinghouse known as a derivatives clearing organization (DCO).
To clear a swap through a DCO, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearinghouse member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a counterparty other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC’s regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on a registered exchange (either a designated contract market (DCM) or swap execution facility (SEF)). Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps; the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
DCOs, DCMs, SEFs and FCMs are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, certain derivative market participants that act as market makers and engage in a significant amount of “dealing” activity are also required to register as swap dealers with the CFTC. Among other things, swap dealers are subject to minimum capital requirements and business conduct standards and must also post and collect initial and variation margin on uncleared swaps with certain of their counterparties. Because of this, if the Fund enters into uncleared swaps with any swap dealers, it may be subject to initial and variation margin requirements that could impact the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market, including making transacting in uncleared swaps significantly more expensive.
At this point in time, most of the Dodd-Frank Act has been fully implemented, though a small number of remaining rulemakings are unfinished or are subject to phase-in periods. Any future regulatory or legislative activity would not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, though it is within the realm of possibility that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a DCO, or certain other factors, such as collecting margin from the counterparty.
As discussed above, a counterparty’s exposure under a derivative contract may in some cases be required to be secured with initial and/or variation margin (a form of “collateral”).
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Act with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as, currency futures and currency forward contracts.
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or “exercises”) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party’s payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, total return swaps, credit default swaps and currency swaps.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, currency, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities, currencies and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Derivatives Regulation and Asset Coverage
The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In addition, effective August 19, 2022, Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), replaced the asset segregation framework previously used by funds to comply with limitations on leverage imposed by the 1940 Act. The Derivatives Rule generally mandates that a fund either limit derivatives exposure to 10% or less of its net assets, or in the alternative implement: (i) limits on leverage calculated based value-at-risk (VAR); (ii) a written derivatives risk management program (DRMP) administered by a derivatives risk manager appointed by the Fund’s Board, including a majority of the independent Board members, that is periodically reviewed by the Board; and (iii) new reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Fund’s Adviser will determine whether a security is investment grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). For example, Standard & Poor’s, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer’s inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Fund’s Adviser’s credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade. If a security is downgraded below the minimum quality grade discussed above, the Fund’s Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
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Investment Ratings for NonInvestment-Grade Securities
Noninvestment-grade securities are rated below BBB- by an NRSRO. These bonds have greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are securities that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. These may include private placements, repurchase agreements that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, and securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933.
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies, managing its uninvested cash and/or other investment reasons consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and investment strategies. These other investment companies, which may include shares of an affiliated fund, including a money market fund, are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. These investments also can create conflicts of interest for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquired fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the Adviser to the Fund could make a decision to redeem the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund. In the case of an investment in an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund, the acquired fund is able to garner more assets, thereby growing the acquired fund and increasing the management fees received by the investment adviser to the acquired fund, which would either be the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of making investments in other investment companies should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses and resulting conflicts of interest. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Additional Information Regarding the Security Selection Process
As part of analysis in its security selection process, among other factors, the Adviser also evaluates whether environmental, social and governance factors could have positive or negative impact on the risk profiles of many issuers or guarantors in the universe of securities in which the Fund may invest. The Adviser may also consider information derived from active engagements conducted by its in-house stewardship team with certain issuers or guarantors on environmental, social and governance topics. This qualitative analysis does not automatically result in including or excluding specific securities but may be used by Federated Hermes as an additional input in its primary analysis.
Risk Factors
An investment in the Fund involves investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose some or all of your money by investing in the Fund. The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund’s non-principal investments are described in the Fund’s SAI. The Fund’s SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments.
Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class.
Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following:
Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security.
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Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities.
Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange.
Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale.
Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk.
Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation.
Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness.
Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments.
Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.”
Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful.
Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof,
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ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested.
Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale.
Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source.
Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements.
Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost.
The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost.
Interest Rate Risk
Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%.
Issuer Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
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Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
PREPAYMENT AND EXTENSION RISK
During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise.
CALL RISK
Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price.
If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.
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SECTOR RISK
Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk
An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Geopolitical Risk
Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession.
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Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time.
Risk of Foreign Investing
Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors.
Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States.
Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding.
Currency Risk
Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.
Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law.
Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency.
Leverage Risk
Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
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Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
Illiquidity of Shares
The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund.
Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the Fund, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased. In addition, in extreme cases, the Fund may not be able to complete repurchases due to the Fund’s holding of illiquid investments. In that event, you may be able to sell your Shares only if you are able to find an investor willing to purchase your Shares. Any such sale may have to be negotiated at unfavorable prices and must comply with applicable securities laws and must be approved by the Board. Due to the requirements regarding tenders offers and the frequency with which the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares, in the event the Fund makes repurchase offers it is unlikely that the Fund will be able to extend the expiration date of, or increase the amount of, any repurchase offer, which may result in an investor needing to subscribe to more than one repurchase offer to exit the Fund in the case of oversubscribed repurchase offers.
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Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers
The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the Fund, the Fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the Fund to do this; however, it may occur. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts.
Large Shareholder Risk
A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
Management of the Fund
Board of Trustees
The management of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement (each of which are defined below) and the Sub-Adviser under the Sub-Advisory Agreement (each of which are defined below), is the responsibility of the Fund’s board of trustees (the “Board”) under the laws of the State of Delaware. The name and business addresses of the Trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations are set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the Statement of Additional Information.
The Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company acts as the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”) under an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The Adviser is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Federated Hermes, Inc. (“Federated Hermes”), a publicly-held company. The Adviser and other advisory subsidiaries of Federated Hermes combined advise approximately 102 registered investment companies spanning equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds and also manage a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds).
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Federated Hermes’ assets under management totaled approximately $668.9 billion as of December 31, 2022. Federated Hermes was established in 1955 as Federated Investors, Inc. and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with nearly 2,000 employees. Federated Hermes provides investment products to more than 11,000 investment professionals and institutions.
The Sub-Adviser
The Adviser has delegated daily management of some or all of the Fund assets to the Sub-Adviser, Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, a limited liability partnership incorporated in England and Wales, (the “Sub-Adviser”) and an affiliate of the Adviser. For purposes of this Prospectus, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, are sometimes referred to together, as applicable, as the “Fund’s Adviser.” The Sub-Adviser is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund, based on the portion of securities the Sub-Adviser manages. The Sub-Adviser’s address is 150 Cheapside, London EC2V 6ET, England.
Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board and pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, will act as sub-investment adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities of the Fund.
Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, a limited liability partnership incorporated in England and Wales, is a wholly owned London based subsidiary of Federated Hermes, Inc., and is authorized and regulated by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority to provide investment management services. The Sub-Adviser advises approximately 6 registered investment companies. The Sub-Adviser’s assets under management totaled approximately $7.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. The Sub-Adviser’s assets under management are currently primarily comprised of assets from non-US domiciled funds, other pooled investment vehicles and separate accounts, such as UK registered money market funds and other accounts of institutional clients from the UK, Europe and certain other non-US jurisdictions.
The Fund’s Shareholder reports will contain information regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements. The Fund’s semi-annual reports for the six month periods ending each September 30 and the annual reports for the fiscal years ending each March 31 discuss the Board’s annual evaluation and approval of those agreements, which typically occurs annually in May.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Messrs. Ihab Salib, Christopher P. McGinley, Maarten Offeringa and Kazaur Rahman are the Fund’s portfolio managers responsible for managing the Fund’s overall investment program.
Ihab L. Salib, Senior Portfolio Manager
Ihab L. Salib, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since its inception in December of 2016.
Mr. Salib is Head of the International Fixed Income Group and Head of the Currency Management Committee. He is responsible for day to day management of the Fund focusing on asset allocation, interest rate strategy and security selection. He has been with the Adviser or an affiliate since 1999; has worked in investment management since 1992; has managed investment portfolios since 2002. Education: B.A., State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Christopher P. McGinley, Senior Portfolio Manager
Christopher P. McGinley, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since its inception in December of 2016.
Mr. McGinley is Head of the Trade Finance Team and is responsible for day to day management of the Fund focusing on asset allocation, interest rate strategy and security selection. He has been with the Adviser or an affiliate since 2004; has worked in investment management since 2005; has managed investment portfolios since 2009. Education: B.S., University of Pittsburgh; M.P.I.A., University of Pittsburgh.
Maarten Offeringa, Portfolio Manager
Maarten Offeringa, Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July of 2019.
Effective August 1, 2023, Mr. Offeringa is dual employed with the Sub-Adviser and Federated Hermes Limited (“FHL”) and serves as Portfolio Manager of the Fund in his capacity as an employee of the Sub-Adviser.
Mr. Offeringa is responsible for providing research and advice on sector allocation and security selection. He has been with the Adviser or an affiliate since 2018; has worked in financial services since 2002; has worked in investment management since 2018; has managed investment portfolios since 2019. Previous associations: Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch; Vice President, J.P. Morgan. Education: MA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Kazaur Rahman, Portfolio Manager
Kazaur Rahman, ACA, Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July of 2023.
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Effective August 1, 2023, Mr. Rahman is dual employed with the Sub-Adviser and FHL and serves as Portfolio Manager of the Fund in his capacity as an employee of the Sub-Adviser.
Mr. Rahman is responsible for providing research and advice on sector allocation and security selection. He has been with the Adviser or an affiliate since 2019; has worked in financial services since 2005; has worked in investment management since 2019; has managed investment portfolios since 2023. Previous associations include roles with: Deutsche Bank; VTB Capital; Bank of America; PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Education: BSc, University of London.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
Investment Advisory Agreement
Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Fund, the Adviser will receive an annual fee in a maximum amount equal to 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Management Fee”). The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Summary of Fund Expenses” table found in this Prospectus.
In addition to the Management Fee of the Adviser, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its trustees (other than those affiliated with the Adviser), custodian, transfer and dividend disbursing agent expenses, legal fees, rating agency fees, listing fees and expenses, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing Shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies and taxes, if any.
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement
The Adviser (and not the Fund) will pay to the Sub-Adviser as compensation under the Sub-Advisory Agreement an annual fee equal to 0.39% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.
Administrative Agreement
Federated Administrative Services (“the Administrator”), a subsidiary of Federated Hermes, provides administrative personnel and services (including certain legal, compliance and financial administrative services) necessary to operate the Fund. The Administrator’s address is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The Administrator currently receives no compensation for providing administrative services to the Fund.
Distributions
The Fund intends to make quarterly distributions of net investment income, after payment of interest on outstanding borrowings, if any. The Fund will distribute annually any net short-term capital gain and any net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over short-term capital loss). Distributions to Shareholders cannot be assured, and the amount of each quarterly distribution is likely to vary. It is possible, although not intended, that distributions could exceed net investment income and net short-term and long-term capital gain, resulting in a return of capital.
Federal Income Tax Matters
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, meet the following requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets:
◾ The Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from the following sources (i.e., qualifying income): (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies; and (b) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in the Code).
◾ The Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year: (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (b) not more than 25% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies) of: (I) any one issuer; (II) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses; or (III) any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in the Code).
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As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that the Fund distributes to its Shareholders provided that it distributes each taxable year at least the sum of: (i) 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss and other taxable income, other than any net capital gain, reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid; and (ii) 90% of the Fund’s net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of such income each year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its Shareholders.
In order to avoid incurring a 4% non-deductible federal excise tax obligation, the Code requires that the Fund distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of: (i) 98% of its ordinary income (and not taking into account any capital gain or loss) for such year; (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (which is the excess of its realized net long term capital gain over its realized net short-term capital loss), generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, after reduction by any available capital loss carryforwards; and (iii) 100% of any ordinary income and capital gain net income from the prior year (as previously computed) that were not paid out during such year and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any ordinary income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Fund’s ordinary income and capital gain will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
Distributions of any taxable net investment income and net short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain designated as capital gain dividends, if any, will be taxable to Shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time they held their Shares. Distributions, if any, in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a holder’s Shares and, after that basis has been reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to the Shareholder (assuming the Shares are held as a capital asset). The Fund’s distributions generally will not qualify either for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporate taxpayers or as qualified dividend income subject to favorable tax treatment for individual taxpayers. “Qualified dividend income” means dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations and qualifying foreign corporations, provided that the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations and, when distributed by the Fund to individual Shareholders, such Shareholders satisfy certain holding period and other requirements in respect of their Fund Shares.
Dividends and other distributions declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any year and payable to Shareholders of record on a date in any of those months will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the Shareholders on December 31 of that year if the distributions are paid by the Fund during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be taxed to Shareholders for the year in which that December 31 falls. The Fund will inform Shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.
Dividends and interest received, and gains realized, by the Fund on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions (collectively “foreign taxes”) that would reduce the return on its securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States, however, may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
The Fund believes that substantially all of its investments will generate qualifying income for purposes of the previously-mentioned 90% gross income requirement for treatment as a RIC under current federal income tax law. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance investments will, by definition, be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from loan origination or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income to ensure when structuring its participation in trade finance investments that amounts received are for the use of money, not payment for services. Also, the Code expressly provides the U.S. Treasury with authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from qualifying income if such gains are not directly related to a fund’s business of investing in stock or securities. While to date the U.S. Treasury has not exercised this regulatory authority, there can be no assurance that it will not issue regulations in the future (possibly with retroactive application) that would treat some or all of the Fund’s foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income for RIC purposes, which may affect the Fund’s status as a RIC for all years to which such regulations are applicable.
The repurchase or transfer of Shares may result in a taxable gain or loss to the tendering Shareholder. Different tax consequences may apply for tendering and non-tendering Shareholders in connection with a repurchase offer. For example, if a Shareholder does not tender all of his or her Shares, such repurchase may not be treated as an exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may result in deemed distributions to non-tendering Shareholders. On the other
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hand, Shareholders who tender all of their Shares (including Shares deemed owned by Shareholders under constructive ownership rules) will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will realize a capital gain or loss. Such gain or loss is measured by the difference between the Shareholder’s amount received and his or her adjusted tax basis of the Shares. For non-corporate Shareholders, gain or loss from the transfer or repurchase of Shares generally will be taxable at a U.S. federal income tax rate dependent upon the length of time the Shares were held. Shares held for a period of one year or less at the time of such repurchase or transfer will, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, generally result in short-term capital gains or losses, and those held for more than one year will generally result in long-term capital gains or losses.
The foregoing briefly summarizes some of the material federal income tax consequences to Shareholders of investing in Shares, reflects the federal tax law as of the date of this prospectus, and does not address special tax rules applicable to certain types of investors, such as corporate and foreign investors. Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes that an investor is a U.S. person and holds the Shares as a capital asset. This discussion is based upon current provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations by the courts or the IRS retroactively or prospectively. Investors should consult their tax advisors regarding other federal, state or local tax considerations that may be applicable in their particular circumstances, as well as any pending or proposed tax law changes.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) established by the Fund, each Shareholder will automatically be a participant under the DRP and have all income distributions, whether dividend distributions or capital gains distributions, automatically reinvested in additional Shares. Election not to participate in the DRP and to receive all income distributions, whether dividend distributions or capital gains distributions, in cash may be made by notice to a Shareholder’s intermediary (who should be directed to inform the Fund). A Shareholder is free to change this election at any time. If, however, a Shareholder elects to change its election within 95 days prior to a distribution, the request will be effective only with respect to distributions after the 95-day period. A Shareholder whose Shares are registered in the name of a nominee (such as an intermediary) must contact the nominee regarding its status under the DRP, including whether such nominee will participate on such Shareholder’s behalf as such nominee will be required to make any such election.
Generally, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Shareholders receiving Shares under the DRP will be treated as having received a distribution equal to amount payable to them in cash as a distribution had the Shareholder not participated in the DRP.
Shares will be issued pursuant to the DRP at their NAV determined on the next valuation date following the ex-dividend date (the last date of a dividend period on which an investor can purchase Shares and still be entitled to receive the dividend). There is no sales load or other charge for reinvestment. A request for change of participation/non-participation status in the DRP must be received by the Fund within the above timeframe to be effective for that dividend or capital gain distribution. A Fund may terminate the DRP at any time upon written notice to the participants in the DRP. The Fund may amend the DRP at any time upon 30 days’ written notice to the participants. Any expenses of the DRP will be borne by the Fund.
Description of Capital Structure
SUMMARY OF THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
An investor in the Fund will be a Shareholder of the Fund and his or her rights in the Fund will be established and governed by the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The following is a summary description of additional items and of select provisions of the Declaration of Trust that may not be described elsewhere in this Prospectus or the SAI. The description of such items and provisions is not definitive and reference should be made to the complete text of the Declaration of Trust.
LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
Under Delaware law and the Declaration of Trust, each Shareholder will be liable for the debts and obligations of the Fund only to the extent of the value of such Shareholder’s Shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) shall not be liable to the Fund or any of the Shareholders for any loss or damage occasioned by any act or omission in the performance of their services as such in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office or as otherwise required by applicable law.
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The Declaration of Trust also contains provisions for the indemnification, to the extent permitted by law, of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) by the Fund (but not by the Shareholders individually) against any liability and expense to which any of them may be liable that arise in connection with the performance of their activities on behalf of the Fund. None of these persons shall be personally liable to any Shareholder by reason of any change in the federal or state income tax laws applicable to the Fund or its Shareholders. The rights of indemnification and exculpation provided under the Declaration of Trust shall not be construed so as to limit liability or provide for indemnification of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) for any liability (including liability under applicable federal or state securities laws which, under certain circumstances, impose liability even on persons that act in good faith), to the extent (but only to the extent) that such indemnification or limitation on liability would be in violation of applicable law, but shall be construed so as to effectuate the applicable provisions of the Declaration of Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law.
AMENDMENT
The Declaration of Trust may generally be amended, in whole or in part, with the approval of a majority of the Trustees (including a majority of the Independent Trustees, if required by the 1940 Act). Shareholders have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) affecting their right to vote granted under the Declaration of Trust; (ii) to the Declaration of Trust’s amendment provision; (iii) for which such vote is required by law; and (iv) submitted to them by the Trustees.
TERM, DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
The Fund may be dissolved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees without Shareholder approval, unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act. In doing so, the Trustees may: (i) sell the Fund’s assets to another entity in exchange for interests in the acquiring entity; or (ii) sell all of the Fund’s assets for cash. Following such liquidation, and after payments to creditors and payment of any Fund expenses, the Fund’s Shareholders are entitled to receive the proceeds of such sale, distributed in proportion to the number of Shares held by each Shareholder. Upon termination of the Fund, the Fund will file a certificate terminating its existence as a Delaware statutory trust.
SHARES
General. All Shares are sold at the most recently calculated net asset value per Share as of the date on which the purchase is accepted. The net asset value of a Share is determined by dividing the Fund’s aggregate net asset value by the number of Shares outstanding at the applicable date.
Reserves. Appropriate reserves may be created, accrued, and charged against net assets for contingent liabilities as of the date the contingent liabilities become known to the Fund. Reserves will be in such amounts (subject to increase or reduction) that the Fund may deem necessary or appropriate. The amount of any reserve (or any increase or decrease therein) will be proportionately charged or credited, as appropriate, against net assets.
Voting. Each Shareholder has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the number of Shares held by such Shareholder at a meeting of Shareholders called by the Board. Shareholders are entitled to vote on any matter as set forth in the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding their ability to exercise their voting privileges, Shareholders in their capacity as such are not entitled to participate in the management or control of the Fund’s business, and may not act for or bind the Fund.
Purchase Terms
The Fund currently intends to accept purchases of Shares as of the last business day of each calendar month, typically following 30 calendar days’ advance notice, or at such other times as may be determined by the Board. The 30 calendar day advance notice may be waived at the discretion of the Fund. The Board may discontinue accepting purchases on a monthly basis at any time. Any amounts received in connection with the offer of Shares and closings will promptly be placed in an escrow account prior to their investment in the Fund. All purchases are subject to the receipt of cleared funds prior to the applicable purchase date in the full amount of the purchase. Although the Fund may accept, in its sole discretion, a purchase prior to receipt of cleared funds, an investor may not become a Shareholder until cleared funds have been received. The investor must also submit a completed application before the applicable purchase date. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase of Shares and the Adviser may, in its sole discretion, suspend the offer of Shares at any time.
All Shares are sold at the most recently calculated net asset value per Share as of the date on which the purchase is accepted. The minimum initial investment in the Fund by any account is $100,000, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $25,000. The Fund may accept investments for a lesser amount under certain circumstances, as determined by the Adviser. Investors that are employees of the Adviser or its affiliates are eligible to invest in Shares and
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may be subject to lower minimum investments than other investors. Certain selling brokers, dealers or banks and financial advisors may impose higher or lower minimum investment levels or other requirements than those imposed by the Fund. The investment minimum with respect to Shares purchased through an omnibus account, including an omnibus account of a bank, broker-dealer, trust company and plan recordkeeper, is calculated at the omnibus account level.
Except as otherwise permitted by the Fund, initial and any additional purchases of Shares of the Fund by any Shareholder must be paid by wire, and all contributions must be transmitted by the time and in the manner that is specified in the application. Initial and any additional contributions to the capital of the Fund must be made in a single payment. Although the Fund may, in its discretion, accept contributions of securities, the Fund does not currently intend to accept contributions of securities. If the Fund chooses to accept a contribution of securities, the securities would be valued in the same manner that the Fund values its other assets. Because of anti-money laundering concerns, the Fund will not accept investments made in cash. For this purpose, cash includes currency (i.e., coin or paper money), cashier’s checks, bank drafts, travelers’ checks, and money orders.
Financial intermediaries may also impose fees (subject to compliance with applicable FINRA rules), terms and conditions on investor accounts and investments in the Fund that are in addition to the fees, terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus. Such terms and conditions are not imposed by the Fund, the Distributor or any other service provider of the Fund. Any terms and conditions imposed by a financial intermediary, or operational limitations applicable to such parties, may affect or limit a shareholder’s ability to subscribe for Shares, or otherwise transact business with the Fund. Investors should direct any questions regarding terms and conditions applicable to their accounts or relevant operational limitations to the financial intermediary.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Pricing of Fund Shares
The net asset value of the Fund is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV by valuing its assets, subtracting its liabilities and dividing the balance by the number of Shares outstanding. The Fund’s current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedHermes.com/us/Products/Closed-End-Funds/Project And Trade Finance Tender, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s valuation designee to perform any fair value determinations for securities and other assets held by the Fund. The Adviser, acting through its “Valuation Committee,” is responsible for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Valuation Committee is comprised of officers of the Adviser and certain of the Adviser’s affiliated companies and determines fair value and oversees the calculation of the NAV. The Valuation Committee is subject to Board oversight and certain reporting and other requirements intended to provide the Board the information it needs to oversee the Adviser’s fair value determinations.
The Valuation Committee is also authorized to use pricing specialists to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV, including most trade finance related securities and other debt securities. The Fund’s SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee in valuing investments.
When the Fund holds securities that trade principally in foreign markets on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund’s assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares. This may also occur when the U.S. markets for fixed-income securities are open on a day the NYSE is closed.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
◾ Equity securities listed on an exchange or traded through a regulated market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market.
◾ Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Adviser.
◾ Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and ask quotations.
◾ Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Adviser.
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If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Adviser’s valuation policies and procedures, or if information furnished by a pricing service, in the opinion of the Valuation Committee, is deemed not representative of the fair value of such security, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Adviser, acting through its Valuation Committee, is responsible for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Valuation Committee is comprised of officers of the Adviser and certain of the Adviser’s affiliated companies and determines fair value and oversees the calculation of the NAV. The Valuation Committee is also authorized to use pricing services to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Adviser as the valuation designee. The Board periodically reviews the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee. The Board has also approved the Adviser’s fair valuation and significant events procedures as part of the Fund’s compliance program and will review any changes made to the procedures. The Fund’s SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment’s most recent closing price and from the prices used by other registered funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represents a good faith determination of such investment’s fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share, and the actual value could be materially different.
The Adviser also has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Valuation Committee determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment’s value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value.
Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or after the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
◾ With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
◾ Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
◾ Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments or a natural disaster affecting the issuer’s operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer’s industry.
The Valuation Committee is also authorized to use pricing services to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. The Fund’s investments in trade finance agreements are primarily determined by applying discounted cash flow methodologies utilizing various inputs such as available or implied credit ratings, loan characteristics, seniority, collateral, comparable debt instruments, yield curves or indices, broader loan data, bond data and bond sector curves. When appropriate, other considerations may include asset liquidation analyses, internal credit assessments and general market conditions. The Fund utilizes third-party pricing specialists in determining its valuations. Typically, there are no other sources of evaluations for these investments and the inputs utilized are less observable. Additionally, trade finance agreements are typically held to maturity by investors and therefore do not trade on a consistent basis. Accordingly, executed trade prices are usually unavailable and thus, generally cannot be relied upon to support valuations of these investments. Therefore, inputs unobservable in active markets must be relied upon more heavily. The prices realized for these investments upon sale may be different than prices used by the Fund to value them and the differences could be material.
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The Adviser has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to provide factors to update the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets from the time of the close of their respective foreign stock exchanges to the pricing time of the Fund. For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the Valuation Committee will determine the fair value of the investment. The Board periodically reviews fair valuations made in response to significant events.
The fair valuation of securities following a significant event can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities for short-term traders to profit at the expense of long-term investors in the Fund. For example, such arbitrage opportunities may exist when the market on which portfolio securities are traded closes before the Fund calculates its NAV, which is typically the case with Asian and European markets. However, there is no assurance that these significant event procedures will prevent dilution of the NAV by short-term traders.
Repurchases and Transfers of Shares
No Right of Redemption
No Shareholder or other person holding Shares acquired from a shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to repurchase those Shares. There is no public market for Shares, and none is expected to develop. With limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable and liquidity normally will be provided only through repurchase offers that will be made from time to time by the Fund, as described below. Any transfer of Shares in violation of the Declaration of Trust, which requires Board approval of any transfer, will not be permitted and will be void. Consequently, Shareholders may not be able to liquidate their investment other than as a result of repurchases of Shares by the Fund, as described below. For information on the Fund’s policies regarding transfers of Shares, see “Repurchases, Mandatory Repurchases and Transfers of Shares” in the SAI.
Repurchases of Shares
At the discretion of the Board and provided that it is in the best interests of the Fund and Shareholders to do so, the Fund intends to provide a limited degree of liquidity to the Shareholders by conducting repurchase offers generally quarterly (or more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its discretion). In each repurchase offer, the Fund may offer to repurchase its Shares at their NAV on the relevant valuation date (each, a “Valuation Date”), which will occur on or before the expiration date of the repurchase offer (the “Expiration Date”).
Each repurchase offer ordinarily will be limited to the repurchase of approximately 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund, although the Board can determine to authorize the Fund to repurchase in excess of 15% of the net asset value of the Fund in its discretion. If the value of Shares tendered for repurchase exceeds the value the Fund intended to repurchase, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may (a) accept the additional Shares permitted to be accepted pursuant to Rule 13e-4(f) under the Exchange Act; or (b) determine to repurchase less than the full number of Shares tendered. In the event less than the full number of Shares tendered will be repurchased, Shareholders will have their Shares repurchased on a pro rata basis, and tendering Shareholders will not have all of their tendered Shares repurchased by the Fund. Shareholders tendering Shares for repurchase will be asked to give written notice of their intent to do so as soon as practicable and in any event by no later than the date specified in the notice describing the terms of the applicable repurchase offer (i.e., the Expiration Date). The tender offer period will commence at least twenty (20) business days prior to the Expiration Date.
In determining whether the Fund should repurchase Shares from Shareholders pursuant to written tenders, the Board will consider a variety of factors. The Board expects that the Fund will ordinarily offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders quarterly. The Expiration Date will be a date set by the Board occurring no sooner than twenty (20) business days after the commencement date of the repurchase offer and at least ten (10) business days from the date that notice of an increase or decrease in the percentage of the securities being sought or consideration offered is first published, sent or given to Shareholders. The Expiration Date may be extended by the Board in its sole discretion. The Fund will not accept any repurchase request received by it or its designated agent after the Expiration Date. The Board will consider the following factors, among others, in making its determination:
◾ whether any Shareholders have requested to tender Shares to the Fund;
◾ the liquidity of the Fund’s assets;
◾ the investment plans and working capital requirements of the Fund;
◾ the relative economies of scale with respect to the size of the Fund;
◾ the history of the Fund in repurchasing Shares; and
◾ the economic condition of the securities markets.
The Fund has the right to repurchase Shares from a Shareholder if the Board determines that the repurchase is in the best interests of the Fund or upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the Fund’s Declaration of Trust.
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The Fund will make repurchase offers, if any, to all of its Shareholders on the same terms. This practice may affect the size of the Fund’s offers. Subject to the Fund’s investment restriction with respect to borrowings, the Fund may borrow money or issue debt obligations to finance its repurchase obligations pursuant to any such repurchase offer.
Payment for repurchased Shares may require the Fund to liquidate a portion of its portfolio holdings earlier than the Adviser would otherwise liquidate these holdings, which may result in losses, and may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover.
When Shares are repurchased by the Fund, Shareholders will generally receive cash distributions equal to the value of the Shares repurchased. However, in the sole discretion of the Fund, the proceeds of repurchases of Shares may be paid by the in-kind distribution of securities held by the Fund, or partly in cash and partly in-kind. The Fund does not expect to distribute securities in-kind except in unusual circumstances, such as in the unlikely event that the Fund does not have sufficient cash to pay for Shares that are repurchased or if making a cash payment would result in a material adverse effect on the Fund or on Shareholders not tendering Shares for repurchase. See “Risk FactorsIlliquidity of Shares” and “Risk FactorsPotential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers” for more information. Repurchases will be effective after receipt of all eligible written tenders of Shares from Shareholders and acceptance by the Fund.
The Adviser will determine whether to attempt to liquidate investments that are illiquid or difficult to value (which may cause the Fund to incur certain expenses in connection with the valuation or liquidation of such investments), hold it in the Fund’s portfolio or distribute it to investors in the Fund in connection with a repurchase by the Fund.
A repurchase in kind is less liquid than a cash redemption. If a repurchase is made in kind, securities received may be subject to market risk and the shareholder could incur taxable gains and brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
Repurchase Procedures
Due to liquidity restraints associated with the Fund’s investments it is expected that, under the procedures applicable to the repurchase of Shares, Shares will be valued as of the applicable Valuation Date, which will occur on or before the Expiration Date. As a result, the Fund intends to hold a significant amount of cash or cash equivalents (the amount may vary, but typically 5-15% of the Fund’s net asset value) to satisfy any potential repurchase requests. An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts. The Fund will repurchase Shares and remit the repurchase price to Shareholders within five (5) business days after the Expiration Date.
As stated above, if a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders who tender Shares for repurchase (and not increased), the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder.
Repurchases of Shares by the Fund are subject to Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act and will be made only in accordance with such rule.
Additional Liquidity Information: If a Shareholder submits Shares for repurchase by the Fund in accordance with the tender offer procedures and the Fund has not repurchased all of those Shares within three years from the Valuation Date of the applicable repurchase offer period, then the Fund will, in accordance with the terms of its Declaration of Trust, be dissolved and liquidated.
Mandatory Repurchase by the Fund
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Fund may repurchase Shares of a Shareholder or any person acquiring Shares from or through a shareholder under certain circumstances, including if: (i) ownership of the Shares by the Shareholder or other person will cause the Fund to be in violation of certain laws; (ii) continued ownership of the Shares may adversely affect the Fund; (iii) any of the representations and warranties made by a Shareholder in connection with the acquisition of the Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; or (iv) it would be in the best interests of the Fund to repurchase the Shares or a portion thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, involuntary repurchases will be conducted in accordance with Rule 23c-2 under the 1940 Act. Shareholders whose Shares, or a portion thereof, are repurchased by the Fund will not be entitled to a return of any amount of sales load, if any, that may have been charged in connection with the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares.
38

Distribution Arrangements
The Distributor acts as the distributor of Shares on a best effort basis, subject to various conditions, pursuant to the terms of a General Distributor’s Agreement entered into with the Fund. Shares may be purchased through the Distributor or through advisers, brokers, dealers or banks that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor. The Distributor maintains its principal office at 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
Shares are offered and may be purchased on a monthly basis, or at such other times as may be determined by the Board. Neither the Distributor nor any other adviser, broker, dealer or bank is obligated to buy from the Fund any of the Shares. The Distributor does not intend to make a market in Shares. To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund has agreed to indemnify the Distributor and its affiliates and any brokers, advisers or banks and their affiliates that have entered into selling agreements with the Distributor against certain liabilities.
Shares are being offered only to investors that meet all requirements to invest in the Fund. The minimum initial investment in the Fund by an investor is $100,000, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $25,000. The minimum investment may be modified by the Fund from time to time. Investors that are employees of the Adviser or its affiliates are eligible to invest in Shares and may be subject to lower minimum investments than other investors.
The Fund is indirectly subject to a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) cap on compensation paid to FINRA member firms. The cap includes any sales load and distribution and servicing fee. The maximum compensation payable to all FINRA member firms (in the aggregate) participating in the Fund’s distribution will comply with FINRA Rule 2341.
All investor funds for this closing of the sale of Shares and for closings of subsequent offerings will be deposited in an escrow account maintained by an escrow agent for the benefit of the investors. Funds held in the escrow account will not earn interest.
Custodian and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank & Trust Company is the custodian of the Fund and will maintain custody of the securities and cash of the Fund. State Street Bank & Trust Company maintains the Fund’s general ledger and computes net asset value per share daily.
SS&C GIDS, Inc. is the transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent of the Fund.
Legal Opinions
Certain legal matters in connection with the Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by K&L Gates LLP, Boston, Massachusetts.
Reports To Shareholders
The Fund will send to Shareholders unaudited semi-annual and audited annual reports, including a list of investments held.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund and will audit the Fund’s financial statements.
39

Additional Information
The Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement that the Fund has filed with the Securities Exchange Commission. The complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the Securities Exchange Commission upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations. The Statement of Additional Information can be obtained without charge by calling 1-855-328-0109.
Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
AUTHORIZED SHARES
As of the date of this Prospectus, there is only a single class of Shares authorized as follows:
(1)
Title of Class
(2)
Amount Authorized
(3)
Amount held by the Fund
or for its Account
(4)
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Shown Under (3)
Common
Unlimited
N/A
89,549,689.460
SPECIAL PROVISION FOR ABANDONED OR UNCLAIMED PROPERTY
Certain states, including the State of Texas, have laws that allow shareholders to designate a representative to receive abandoned or unclaimed property (“escheatment”) notifications by completing and submitting a designation form that generally can be found on the official state website. If a shareholder resides in an applicable state and elects to designate a representative to receive escheatment notifications, escheatment notices generally will be delivered as required by such state laws, including, as applicable, to both the shareholder and the designated representative. A completed designation form may be mailed to the Fund (if Shares are held directly with the Fund) or to the shareholder’s financial intermediary (if Shares are not held directly with the Fund). Shareholders should refer to relevant state law for the shareholder’s specific rights and responsibilities under his or her state’s escheatment law(s), which can generally be found on a state’s official website.
40

Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following chart provides additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund’s expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund’s assumed returns over a 10-year period. The chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $1,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no repurchase of Shares. The chart also assumes that the Fund’s annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratio used in the chart is the same as stated in the “Summary of Fund Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus does not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). Fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.67%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE
Year
Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1
$1,000.00
$50.00
$1,050.00
$6.85
$1,043.30
2
$1,043.30
$52.17
$1,095.47
$7.14
$1,088.47
3
$1,088.47
$54.42
$1,142.89
$7.45
$1,135.60
4
$1,135.60
$56.78
$1,192.38
$7.77
$1,184.77
5
$1,184.77
$59.24
$1,244.01
$8.11
$1,236.07
6
$1,236.07
$61.80
$1,297.87
$8.46
$1,289.59
7
$1,289.59
$64.48
$1,354.07
$8.83
$1,345.43
8
$1,345.43
$67.27
$1,412.70
$9.21
$1,403.69
9
$1,403.69
$70.18
$1,473.87
$9.61
$1,464.47
10
$1,464.47
$73.22
$1,537.69
$10.02
$1,527.88
Cumulative
 
$609.56
 
$83.45
 
41

Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information
 
 
Investment Strategy
1
Investments, Techniques, Risks and Limitations
1
Investment Risks
7
Investment Restrictions
12
Management of the Fund
14
Investment Advisory and Other Services
24
Portfolio Trading
32
Taxes
33
Other Information
37
Financial Information
37
Addresses
38
42

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Hermes Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedHermes.com/us
or call 1-855-328-0109.
CUSIP 31424D104
Q453200 (11/23)
© 2023 Federated Hermes, Inc.


Statement of Additional Information
November 14, 2023
 
 
 
 
 

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the Prospectus of Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund dated November 14, 2023, as supplemented from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. This SAI should be read in conjunction with such prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by contacting your financial intermediary or calling the fund at 1-855-328-0109.
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Hermes Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedHermes.com/us
or call 1-855-328-0109.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Q453203 (11/23)
© 2023 Federated Hermes, Inc.

Capitalized terms used in this SAI and not otherwise defined have the meanings given to them in the Fund’s Prospectus.
Investment Strategy
Primary investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following is a description of the various additional investment policies that may be engaged in, whether as a primary or secondary strategy, and a summary of certain attendant risks. The Adviser may not buy any of the following instruments or use any of the following techniques unless it believes that doing so will help to achieve the Fund’s investment objective.
The Fund may invest in equity securities, including common stocks, warrants, or rights. Additionally, the Fund may hold equity interests acquired in conjunction with investments in bonds, loans or other similar instruments of the same or a related issuer, which may include equity interests embedded in or attached to such instrument, equity interests that are separate investments in which the Fund has the ability to invest by virtue of its ownership in such instrument of the same or a related issuer, and equity interests received in respect of ownership of such instrument in connection with a financial restructuring or reorganization. Such investments may include, among other equity interests, common and preferred stock, warrants and stock participation rights.
Investments, Techniques, Risks and Limitations
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund’s Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus.
Securities Descriptions and Techniques
EQUITY SECURITIES
Equity securities represent a share of an issuer’s earnings and assets, after the issuer pays its liabilities. The Fund cannot predict the income it will receive from equity securities because issuers generally have discretion as to the payment of any dividends or distributions. However, equity securities offer greater potential for appreciation than many other types of securities, because their value increases directly with the value of the issuer’s business. The following describes the types of equity securities in which the Fund invests.
Common Stocks
Common stocks are the most prevalent type of equity security. Common stocks receive the issuer’s earnings after the issuer pays its creditors and any preferred stockholders. As a result, changes in an issuer’s earnings directly influence the value of its common stock.
Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks have the right to receive specified dividends or distributions before the issuer makes payments on its common stock. Some preferred stocks also participate in dividends and distributions paid on common stock. Preferred stocks may also permit the issuer to redeem the stock. The Fund may also treat such redeemable preferred stock as a fixed-income security.
Interests in Other Limited Liability Companies
Entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, business trusts and companies organized outside the United States may issue securities comparable to common or preferred stock.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
REITs are real estate investment trusts (including foreign REITS and REIT-like entities) that lease, operate and finance commercial real estate. REITs in the United States are exempt from federal corporate income tax if they limit their operations and distribute most of their income. Such tax requirements limit a U.S. REIT’s ability to respond to changes in the commercial real estate market.
1

Warrants
Warrants give the Fund the option to buy the issuer’s equity securities at a specified price (the “exercise price”) at a specified future date (the “expiration date”). The Fund may buy the designated securities by paying the exercise price before the expiration date. Warrants may become worthless if the price of the stock does not rise above the exercise price by the expiration date. This increases the market risks of warrants as compared to the underlying security. Rights are the same as warrants, except companies typically issue rights to existing stockholders.
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer’s earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security’s yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security’s yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund invests. This information is either additional information in respect of a principal security referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) (A Fixed-Income Security)
An MBS is a type of pass-through security, which is a pooled debt obligation repackaged as interests that pass principal and interest through an intermediary to investors. In the case of MBS, the ownership interest are issued by a trust and represent participation interests in pools of adjustable and fixed-rate mortgage loans. MBS are most commonly issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government (or one of its agencies or instrumentalities) (“agency MBS”), but also may be issued or guaranteed by private entities (“non-agency MBS”). Unlike conventional debt obligations, MBS provide monthly payments derived from the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans. Most MBS make these payments monthly; however, certain MBS are backed by mortgage loans which do not generate monthly payments but rather generate payments less frequently.
The mortgage loan collateral for non-agency MBS consists of residential mortgage loans that do not conform to GSEs underwriting guidelines. Non-agency MBS generally offer a higher yield than agency MBS because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payment.
The non-agency and agency MBS acquired by the Fund could be secured by fixed-rate mortgages, adjustable-rate mortgages or hybrid adjustable-rate mortgages. Adjustable-rate mortgages are mortgages whose interest rates are periodically reset when market rates change. A hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage (“hybrid ARM”) is a type of mortgage in which the interest rate is fixed for a specified period and then resets periodically, or floats, for the remaining mortgage term. Hybrid ARMs are usually referred to by their fixed and floating periods. For example, a “5/1 ARM” refers to a mortgage with a five-year fixed interest rate period, followed by 25 annual interest rate adjustment periods.
DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying securities, commodities, currencies, indices or other assets or instruments, including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). The most common types of derivative contracts are swaps, futures and options, and the major asset classes include interest rates, equities, commodities and foreign exchange. Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a “counterparty.” Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
2

Many derivative contracts are traded on exchanges. In these circumstances, the relevant exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Parties to an exchange-traded derivative contract make payments through the exchange. Most exchanges require traders to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make or collect daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains), respectively, in the value of their contracts. This protects traders against a potential default by their counterparty. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows traders to hedge or mitigate certain risks or carry out more complex trading strategies by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC), meaning off-exchange, in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and an eligible counterparty, which may be a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded derivative contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain types of swap contracts (including certain interest rate and credit default swaps) through a central clearinghouse known as a derivatives clearing organization (DCO).
To clear a swap through a DCO, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearinghouse member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a counterparty other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC’s regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on a registered exchange (either a designated contract market (DCM) or swap execution facility (SEF)). Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps; the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
DCOs, DCMs, SEFs and FCMs are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, certain derivative market participants that act as market makers, and engage in a significant amount of “dealing” activity are also required to register as swap dealers with the CFTC. Among other things, swap dealers are subject to minimum capital requirements and business conduct standards and must also post and collect initial and variation margin on uncleared swaps with certain of their counterparties. Because of this, if the Fund enters into uncleared swaps with any swap dealers, it may be subject to initial and variation margin requirements that could impact the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market, including making transacting in uncleared swaps significantly more expensive.
At this point in time, most of the Dodd-Frank Act has been fully implemented, though a small number of remaining rulemakings are unfinished or are subject to phase-in periods. Any future regulatory or legislative activity would not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, though it is within the realm of possibility that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risk. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risk in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a DCO, or certain other factors, such as collecting margin from the counterparty.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
3

Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Act with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as currency futures and currency forward contracts.
Interest Rate Futures
An interest-rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing fixed income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments within the index.
Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
Currency Futures and Currency Forward Contracts
A currency futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to buy or sell a particular currency at a specific price at some time in the future (commonly three months or more). A currency forward contract is not an exchange-traded contract and represents an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, at a price set at the time of the contract and for a period agreed upon by the parties which may be either a window of time or a fixed number of days from the date of the contract. Currency futures and forward contracts are highly volatile, with a relatively small price movement potentially resulting in substantial gains or losses to the Fund. Additionally, the Fund may lose money on currency futures and forward contracts if changes in currency rates do not occur as anticipated or if the Fund’s counterparty to the contract were to default.
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy and/or sell the following types of options:
CALL OPTIONS
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
◾ Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
◾ Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
4

Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
◾ Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
◾ Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative Contract)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party’s payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
Caps and Floors
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as Protection Buyer) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as
5

Protection Seller) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Currency Swaps
Currency swaps are contracts which provide for interest payments in different currencies. The parties might agree to exchange the notional principal amounts of the currencies as well (commonly called a “foreign exchange swap”).
OTHER INVESTMENTS, TRANSACTIONS, TECHNIQUES
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund’s return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund’s custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, currency, index, or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, a hybrid instrument may also combine elements of a fixed-income security and an equity security. Third, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities, currencies and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Note (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds, or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
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Equity Linked Note (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
An equity linked note (ELN) is a type of hybrid instrument that provides the noteholder with exposure to a single equity security, a basket of equity securities, or an equity index (the “Reference Equity Instrument”). Typically, an ELN pays interest at agreed rates over a specified time period and, at maturity, either converts into shares of a Reference Equity Instrument or returns a payment to the noteholder based on the change in value of a Reference Equity Instrument.
Derivatives Regulation and Asset Coverage
The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In addition, effective August 19, 2022, Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), replaced the asset segregation framework previously used by funds to comply with limitations on leverage imposed by the 1940 Act. The Derivatives Rule generally mandates that a fund either limit derivatives exposure to 10% or less of its net assets, or in the alternative implement: (i) limits on leverage calculated based value-at-risk (VAR); and (ii) a written derivatives risk management program (DRMP) administered by a derivatives risk manager appointed by the Fund’s Board, including a majority of the independent Board members, that is periodically reviewed by the Board.
In accordance with the requirements of Section 18 of the 1940 Act, any borrowings by the Fund will be made only to the extent the value of its assets, less its liabilities other than borrowings, is equal to at least 300% of all of its borrowings (the “300% Asset Coverage Ratio”). The Derivatives Rule permits the Fund to enter into reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, notwithstanding limitations on the issuance of senior securities under Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund either (i) treats these transactions as derivatives transactions under the Derivatives Rule, or (ii) ensures that the 300% Asset Coverage Ratio with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate. While reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions aggregated with other indebtedness do not need to be included in the calculation of whether a fund satisfies the Limited Derivatives Users exception, for funds subject to the VAR testing requirement, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions must be included for purposes of such testing whether treated as derivatives transactions or not. See “Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities” and “Additional Information” below.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund’s portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund’s ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
Investment Risks
There are many factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund’s principal risks are described in the Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
EQUITY RISK
Equity risk is the risk that the value of securities held by the Fund will rise or fall over time. These fluctuations could be a sustained trend or a drastic movement. Historically, the equity market has moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s equity securities may fluctuate from day to day. The Fund’s portfolio will reflect changes in prices of individual portfolio stocks or general changes in stock valuations. Consequently, the Fund’s Share price may decline. Although common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed-income securities over the long term, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in returns. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of equity securities of an issuer held by the Fund; the price of common stock of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market; or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the common stocks held by the Fund. In addition, common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price if the issuer fails to make
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anticipated dividend payments because, among other possible reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial condition. Furthermore, equity interests in an issuer held by the Fund may not be listed on public stock exchanges and therefore subject to risks typical of privately held equity. Finally, common stock prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates, as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase.
The Adviser attempts to manage market risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in each company’s equity securities. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against widespread or prolonged declines in the stock market.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST (REIT) RISK
Real estate investment trusts (REITs), including foreign REITS and REIT-like entities are subject to risks associated with the ownership of real estate. Some REITs experience market risk due to investment in a limited number of properties, in a narrow geographic area, or in a single property type, which increases the risk that such REIT could be unfavorably affected by the poor performance of a single investment or investment type. These companies are also sensitive to factors such as changes in real estate values and property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, supply and demand, and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Borrowers could default on or sell investments that a REIT holds, which could reduce the cash flow needed to make distributions to investors. In addition, REITs may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements impacting the REITs’ ability to qualify for preferential tax treatments or exemptions. REITs require specialized management and pay management expenses. REITs also are subject to physical risks to real property, including weather, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, war, or other events that destroy real property. Foreign REITS and REIT-like entities can also be subject to currency risk, emerging market risk, limited public information, illiquid trading and the impact of local laws.
REITs include equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and self-liquidations. In addition, equity and mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under applicable tax laws or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, even many of the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole.
Effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally allows individuals and certain non-corporate entities, such as partnerships, a deduction for 20% of qualified REIT dividends. Related regulations allow a RIC to pass the character of its qualified REIT dividends through to its shareholders provided certain holding period requirements are met.
RISK OF INVESTING IN DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS AND HYBRID INSTRUMENTS
The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances, certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the
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value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund’s Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) Risk
The value of asset-backed securities (ABS) may be affected by certain factors such as interest rate risk, the availability of information concerning the pool of underlying assets and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool or the originator of the underlying assets and the ability of the servicer to service the underlying collateral. Under certain market conditions, ABS may be less liquid and may be difficult to value. Movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain types of ABS. Unscheduled prepayments of ABS may result in a loss of income if the proceeds are invested in lower-yielding securities. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the average life of many ABS, which increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. ABS can also be subject to the risk of default on the underlying assets.
RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF OTHER ACCOUNTS
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings, and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions, and/or the Fund’s ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
REPURCHASES, MANDATORY REPURCHASES, AND TRANSFERS OF SHARES
Repurchase Offers
As discussed in the Prospectus, offers to repurchase Shares will be made by the Fund at such times and on such terms as may be determined by the Board in its sole discretion in accordance with the provisions of applicable law. Currently the Fund anticipates making quarterly tender offers. In determining whether the Fund should repurchase Shares from shareholders pursuant to written tenders, the Board will consider various factors, including but not limited to those listed in the Prospectus, in making its determinations.
The Board will cause the Fund to make offers to repurchase Shares from shareholders pursuant to written tenders only on terms it determines to be fair to the Fund and to all shareholders or persons holding Shares acquired from shareholders. When the Board determines that the Fund will repurchase Shares, notice will be provided to each shareholder describing the terms thereof, and containing information shareholders should consider in deciding whether and how to participate in such repurchase opportunity. Shareholders who are deciding whether to tender their Shares during the period that a repurchase offer is open may ascertain an estimated net asset value at the latest valuation date of their Shares from the Fund during such period. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by shareholders, the Fund will repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some shareholders to tender larger portions of their Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased, which may adversely affect others wishing to participate in the tender.
Mandatory Repurchases
As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund has the right to repurchase Shares of a shareholder or any person acquiring Shares from or through a shareholder under certain circumstances, provided that any mandatory repurchases will be conducted in accordance with Rule 23c-2 under the 1940 Act. Such mandatory repurchases may be made if:
◾ Shares have been transferred or such Shares have vested in any person by operation of law as the result of the death, dissolution, bankruptcy or incompetency of a shareholder; or
◾ ownership of Shares by a shareholder or other person will cause the Fund to be in violation of, or subject the Fund to additional registration or regulation under, the securities, commodities or other laws of the United States or any other relevant jurisdiction; or
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◾ continued ownership of such Shares may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund or the Adviser, or may subject the Fund or any shareholders to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal consequences; or
◾ any of the representations and warranties made by a shareholder in connection with the acquisition of Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; or
◾ it would be in the best interests of the Fund and shareholders to repurchase Shares.
GREATER CHINA RISK
Although larger and/or more established than many emerging markets, the markets of the Greater China region function in many ways as emerging markets, and carry the high levels of risks associated with emerging markets. Direct investments in, or indirect exposure to, the Greater China region may be subject to the risks associated with trading on less-developed trading markets, in addition to acute political risks such as possible negative repercussions resulting from China’s relationship with Taiwan or Hong Kong, restrictions on monetary repatriation, or other adverse government actions. The attitude of the Chinese government toward growth and capitalism is uncertain, and the markets of Hong Kong and China could be hurt significantly by any government interference or any material change in government policy. For example, the Chinese government may restrict investment in companies or industries considered important to national interests, or intervene in the financial markets, such as by imposing trading restrictions, or banning or curtailing short selling. As export-driven economies, the economies of countries in the Greater China region are affected by developments in the economies of their principal trading partners. A downturn in these economies could slow or eliminate the growth of the economies of the Greater China region and adversely impact the Fund’s investments.
COVENANT-LITE LOANS RISK
The Fund may invest in loans that may be “covenant lite.” This term typically refers to loans that lack, or contain fewer or contingent, financial maintenance covenants or other provisions intended to provide certain financial protections in favor of lenders as compared to other types of loans. Financial maintenance covenants generally require a borrower to satisfy certain financial metrics at regular intervals over the life of the loan. Loans that include financial maintenance covenants will typically require the borrower to provide a calculation of its financial maintenance covenants and other related financial information on a periodic basis, which permits the lender to monitor the borrower’s financial performance over time. The failure to satisfy a financial maintenance covenant as of any required testing period will result in a default and permit the lender, in certain circumstances, to exercise its rights and remedies against the borrower. Additionally, a lender may determine, based on a borrower’s financial maintenance covenant calculations, that a borrower is experiencing financial distress or decline, which typically permits the lender to engage in negotiations with the borrower or take other actions in order to mitigate losses.
Covenant-lite loans carry greater risks than loans with financial maintenance covenants because the borrower will generally have more flexibility with respect to its activities, and the Fund or lender may receive less frequent or less detailed financial reporting from the borrower and may experience greater delays and difficulties in enforcing its rights if the borrower’s financial performance declines, which may result in losses to the Fund. For example, if a default occurs, covenant-lite loans may exhibit diminished recovery values because the Fund or lender may not have had the opportunity to negotiate with the borrower prior to the default and otherwise may have limited financial information or a limited ability to intervene or obtain concessions from a borrower prior to default. Ultimately, these loans provide fewer protections in favor of the Fund, including with respect to the possibility of default, as well as a more limited ability to declare a default. These risks are particularly acute during a downturn in the credit cycle.
LIBOR Risk
Certain derivatives or debt securities, or other financial instruments in which the Fund may invest, have utilized the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) as the reference or benchmark rate for interest rate calculations.
LIBOR is a measure of the average interest rate at which major global banks can borrow from one another. LIBOR has historically been quoted in multiple currencies and tenors using data reported by a panel of private-sector banks. Following allegations of rate manipulation in 2012 and concerns regarding its thin liquidity, the use of LIBOR came under increasing pressure, and in July 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will stop encouraging banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. The ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publishing most LIBOR tenors, including some USD LIBOR tenors, on December 31, 2021, and ceased publishing the remaining and most liquid USD LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. As a result, many market participants have transitioned to the use of alternative reference or benchmark rates prior to the applicable LIBOR publication cessation date.
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Although regulators have encouraged the development and adoption of alternative rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), the future of any particular replacement rate still remains uncertain. In addition, the FCA has announced that it will require the publication of synthetic LIBOR for the one-month, three-month and six-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings after June 30, 2023 through at least September 30, 2024.
While the transition away from LIBOR became increasingly well-defined in advance of the anticipated discontinuation of LIBOR, the impact on certain debt securities, derivatives and other financial instruments has not been determined and may remain uncertain for some time. Market participants have adopted alternative rates such as SOFR or have otherwise amended certain legacy instruments referencing LIBOR to include fallback provisions and other measures that contemplate the discontinuation of LIBOR or other similar market disruption events. However, neither the effect of the transition process nor the viability of such measures is known. Further, uncertainty and risk remain regarding the willingness and ability of issuers and lenders to include alternative rates and revised provisions in new and existing contracts or instruments. To facilitate the transition of legacy derivatives contracts referencing LIBOR, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. launched a protocol to incorporate fallback provisions. However, there are obstacles to converting certain longer-term securities and transactions to a new benchmark or benchmarks. For example, certain proposed replacement rates to LIBOR, such as SOFR, which is a broad measure of secured overnight U.S. Treasury repo rates, or the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (BSBY), a proprietary series of credit sensitive reference rates that incorporate bank credit spreads, are different from LIBOR, and changes in the applicable spread for financial instruments that have transitioned away from LIBOR have been made to accommodate the differences. In addition, regulators in foreign jurisdictions have proposed alternative replacement rates. Furthermore, the risks associated with the transition to alternative rates may be exacerbated if the orderly transition to an alternative reference rate was not completed in a timely manner.
The effectiveness of multiple alternative reference rates as opposed to one primary reference rate has not been determined. The effectiveness of alternative reference rates used in new or existing financial instruments and products has also not yet been determined. The utilization of an alternative reference rate, or the transition process to an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance.
CYBERSECURITY AND OPERATIONAL RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, Federated Hermes’ business relies on the security and reliability of information and communications technology, systems and networks. Federated Hermes uses digital technology, including, for example, networked systems, email and the Internet, as well as mobile devices and “cloud”-based service offerings, to conduct business operations and engage clients, customers, employees, products, accounts, shareholders and relevant service providers, among others. Federated Hermes, as well as its funds and certain service providers, also generate, compile and process information for purposes of preparing and making filings or reports to governmental agencies, or providing reports or statements to customers, and a cybersecurity attack or incident that impacts that information, or the generation and filing processes, can prevent required regulatory filings and reports from being made, or reports or statements from being delivered, or cause the inadvertent release of confidential information (possibly resulting in the violation of applicable privacy laws). The use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund’s shareholders, and the Fund’s service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cybersecurity attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). The work-from-home environment necessitated by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has increased the risk of cyber incidents given the increase in cyber attack surface stemming from the use of personal devices and non-office or personal technology.
Cyber-events can result from intentional (or deliberate) attacks or unintentional events by insiders (e.g., employees) or third parties, including cybercriminals, competitors, nation-states and “hacktivists,” among others. Cyber-events can include, for example, phishing, credential harvesting or use of stolen access credentials, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), structured query language attacks, infection from or spread of malware, ransomware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, exfiltration of data to malicious sites, the dark web or other locations or threat actors, and attacks (including, but not limited to, denial of service attacks on websites) which shut down, disable, slow, impair or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, technology, connectivity or website or Internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events on a daily basis. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cyber-events can also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on the service providers’ systems or websites rendering them unavailable to intended users or via “ransomware” that renders the systems inoperable until appropriate actions are taken. To date, cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business operations or performance.
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Cyber-events can affect, potentially in a material way, Federated Hermes’ relationships with its customers, employees, products, accounts, shareholders and relevant service providers. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, damage to employee perceptions of the company, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and credit monitoring for impacted individuals. A cyber-event can cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, generate or make filings or deliver reports or statements, calculate the Fund’s NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business or other disruptions to operations), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also can result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund’s investments to lose value.
The Fund’s Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events. The Fund’s Adviser employs various measures aimed at mitigating cybersecurity risk, including, among others, use of firewalls, system segmentation, system monitoring, virus scanning, periodic penetration testing, employee phishing training and an employee cybersecurity awareness campaign. Among other service provider management efforts, Federated Hermes also conducts due diligence on key service providers relating to cybersecurity. Federated Hermes has established a committee to oversee Federated Hermes’ information security and data governance efforts, and updates on cyber-events and risks are reviewed with relevant committees, as well as Federated Hermes’ and the Fund’s Boards of Directors or Trustees (or a committee thereof), on a periodic (generally quarterly) basis (and more frequently when circumstances warrant) as part of risk management oversight responsibilities. However, there is no guarantee that the efforts of Federated Hermes, the Fund’s Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially as there are limits on Federated Hermes’ and the Fund’s ability to prevent, detect or mitigate cyber-events. Among other reasons, the cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, the nature of malicious cyber-events is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund’s Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cybersecurity systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
The Fund can be exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties, or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures. In addition, other disruptive events, including, but not limited to, natural disasters and public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), can adversely affect the Fund’s ability to conduct business, in particular if the Fund’s employees or the employees of its service providers are unable or unwilling to perform their responsibilities as a result of any such event. Even if the Fund’s employees and the employees of its service providers are able to work remotely, those remote work arrangements could result in the Fund’s business operations being less efficient than under normal circumstances, could lead to delays in its processing of transactions, and could increase the risk of cyber-events.
Investment Restrictions
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide total return primarily from income. The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental, meaning that it can be changed by the Board of Trustees without Shareholder approval. The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets.
Investment LIMITATIONS
Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the 1940 Act, any rule or order thereunder, or any Staff interpretation thereof.
Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
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Investing in Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, provided that the Fund may purchase securities of companies that deal in commodities. For purposes of this restriction, investments in transactions involving futures contracts and options, forward currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts that settle by payment of cash are not deemed to be investments in commodities. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such instruments, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold commodities acquired by reason of such enforcement until the commodities can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Lending
The Fund may not make loans to other persons, except by: (a) the acquisition of loans, loan interests, debt securities and other obligations in which the Fund is authorized to invest in accordance with its investment objectives and policies; (b) entering into repurchase agreements; and (c) lending its portfolio securities.
Concentration
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry or group of industries. For purposes of this restriction, the term concentration has the meaning set forth in the 1940 Act, any rule or order thereunder, or any Staff interpretation thereof. Government securities and municipal securities will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations are fundamental and cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act, which means the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund present or represented by proxy at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented at the meeting or (b) more than 50% of outstanding shares of the Fund. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Purchases on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
APPLICATION OF CONCENTRATION RESTRICTION
In applying the Fund’s concentration restriction: (a) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (b) financial service companies will be classified according to the end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; (c) asset-backed securities will be classified according to the underlying assets securing such securities; and (d) municipal securities shall exclude private activity municipal debt securities, which are principally backed by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user of the funds generated by securities issuance.
Additional Information
To conform to the current view of the Staff that only domestic bank deposit instruments may be excluded from industry concentration limitations, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Fund will not exclude foreign bank instruments from industry concentration limitation tests so long as the policy of the SEC remains in effect. The investment of more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in any one industry will constitute “concentration.”
For purposes of the above limitations, the Fund considers certificates of deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank or savings association having capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 at the time of investment to be “cash items” and “bank instruments.” With respect to the “Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities” investment limitation, the 1940 Act currently requires that any indebtedness incurred by a closed-end investment
13

company have an asset coverage of at least 300% at the time of borrowing. In addition, the 1940 Act permits the Fund to issue senior securities as follows: (i) preferred shares which immediately after issuance will have asset coverage of at least 200%, (ii) indebtedness which immediately after issuance will have asset coverage of at least 300%, or (iii) the borrowings permitted under the 1940 Act as described above. The 1940 Act currently defines “senior security” as any bond, debenture, note or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness and any stock of a class having priority over any other class as to distribution of assets or payment of dividends. Debt and equity securities issued by a closed-end investment company meeting the foregoing asset coverage provisions are excluded from the general 1940 Act prohibition on the issuance of senior securities.
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation.
With respect to securities comprising 75% of the value of its total assets, the Fund will not purchase securities of any one issuer (other than cash, cash items, securities issued or guaranteed by the government of the United States or its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such U.S. government securities, and securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of the value of its total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer, or the Fund would own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. Should the Fund determine to operate as a non-diversified investment company in excess of these limits, it will first seek shareholder approval to do so.
In applying the concentration and diversification restrictions, each governmental subdivision, including states and the District of Columbia, territories, possessions of the United States, or their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities, instrumentalities, or similar entities, will be considered a separate issuer if its assets and revenues are separate from those of the governmental body creating it and the security is backed only by its own assets and revenues. Industrial development bonds backed only by the assets and revenues of a nongovernmental user are considered to be issued solely by that user. If in the case of an industrial development bond or government-issued security, a governmental or some other entity guarantees the security, such guarantee would be considered a separate security issued by the guarantor, subject to the same restrictions. The Fund considers certificates of deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank or savings association having capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 at the time of investment to be “cash items” and “bank instruments.”
Management of the Fund
Board of Trustees
The Board is responsible for managing the Fund’s business affairs and for exercising all the Fund’s powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Board member and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Board members who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Board members) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Board members). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Board members listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2022, the Federated Hermes Complex consisted of 33 investment companies (comprising 102 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Board member oversees all portfolios in the Federated Hermes Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
As of November 1, 2023, the Fund’s Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares.
qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
◾ Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated Hermes funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
◾ Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board’s current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
◾ No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
◾ Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
◾ Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
◾ Diversity of background.
14

Interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Fund
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Hermes Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain
of the Funds in the Federated Hermes Complex; Director or Trustee of the
Funds in the Federated Hermes Complex; President, Chief Executive
Officer and Director, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee,
Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated
Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global
Investment Management Corp.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Equity
Management Company of Pennsylvania; Trustee, Federated Shareholder
Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President
and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company,
Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.; Chairman, Passport Research, Ltd.
$0
$0
Thomas R. Donahue*
Birth Date: October 20,1958
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of certain funds in the
Federated Hermes Complex; Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Vice
President and Assistant Secretary, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Chairman and
Trustee, Federated Administrative Services; Chairman and Director,
Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Trustee and Treasurer, Federated
Advisory Services Company; Director or Trustee and Treasurer, Federated
Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global
Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, and
Federated Investment Management Company; Director, MDTA LLC;
Director, Executive Vice President and Assistant Secretary, Federated
Securities Corp.; Director or Trustee and Chairman, Federated Services
Company and Federated Shareholder Services Company; and Director and
President, FII Holdings, Inc.
Previous Positions: Director, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Assistant Secretary,
Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global
Investment Management Company and Passport Research, LTD; Treasurer,
Passport Research, LTD; Executive Vice President, Federated Securities
Corp.; and Treasurer, FII Holdings, Inc.
$0
$0
*
Family relationships and reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and Thomas R. Donahue are brothers. Both are “interested” due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Hermes, Inc. and the positions they hold with Federated Hermes, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
 
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Hermes Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of
Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Hermes Complex; formerly,
Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm) (Retired).
Other Directorships Held: Director, KLX Energy Services Holdings, Inc.
(oilfield services); former Director of KLX Corp. (aerospace).
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial
management roles and directorship positions throughout his career.
Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO of The Collins Group,
Inc. (a private equity firm) and as a Director of KLX Corp. Mr. Collins serves
as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as
Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp.; Director,
FleetBoston Financial Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$1,646.64
$385,000
15

 
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Hermes Complex
(past calendar year)
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955
TRUSTEE
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee
of the Federated Hermes Complex; formerly, Vice Chair, Ernst & Young LLP
(public accounting firm) (Retired).
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee,
Equifax, Inc.; Lead Director, Member of the Audit and Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committees, Haverty Furniture Companies, Inc.;
formerly, Director, Member of Governance and Compensation Committees,
Publix Super Markets, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management
and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently
held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst &
Young LLP (public accounting firm). Mr. Hough serves on the President’s
Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of
Alabama. Mr. Hough previously served on the Business School Board of
Visitors for Wake Forest University, and he previously served as an
Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association.
$1,561.10
$365,000
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
TRUSTEE
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes
Complex; Adjunct Professor Emerita of Law, Duquesne University School of
Law; formerly, Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law and
Professor of Law and Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of
Law; formerly, Associate General Secretary and Director, Office of Church
Relations, Diocese of Pittsburgh.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CNX Resources Corporation
(natural gas).
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business
roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green
previously held the position of Dean of the School of Law of Duquesne
University (as well as Interim Dean). Judge Lally-Green previously served as
Associate General Secretary of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, a member of the
Superior Court of Pennsylvania and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne
University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green was appointed by the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania to serve on the Supreme Court’s Board of Continuing
Judicial Education and the Supreme Court’s Appellate Court Procedural
Rules Committee. Judge Lally-Green also currently holds the positions on
not for profit or for profit boards of directors as follows: Director and Chair,
UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, Saint Vincent Seminary; Member,
Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director, Catholic Charities,
Pittsburgh; and Director, CNX Resources Corporation (natural gas). Judge
Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Epilepsy
Foundation of Western and Central Pennsylvania; Director, Ireland Institute
of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; Director and Chair,
Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.; Director,
Pennsylvania Bar Institute; Director, Saint Vincent College; Director and
Chair, North Catholic High School, Inc.; Director and Vice Chair, Our
Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; and Director and Vice Chair, Saint
Francis University.
$1,411.41
$330,000
16

 
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Hermes Complex
(past calendar year)
Thomas M. O’Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
TRUSTEE
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes
Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment
and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O’Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and
financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his
career. Mr. O’Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity. Mr. O’Neill
previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing
Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President
and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General
Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment
Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending
Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software
(investment order management software); Director, Midway Pacific
(lumber); and Director, The Golisano Children’s Museum of Naples, Florida.
$1,411.41
$330,000
Madelyn A. Reilly
Birth Date: February 2, 1956
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: November 2020
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes
Complex; formerly, Executive Vice President for Legal Affairs, General
Counsel and Secretary of Board of Directors, Duquesne University (Retired).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Ms. Reilly has served in various business and legal
management roles throughout her career. Ms. Reilly previously served as
Senior Vice President for Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary of
Board of Directors and Director of Risk Management and Associate General
Counsel, Duquesne University. Prior to her work at Duquesne University,
Ms. Reilly served as Assistant General Counsel of Compliance and
Enterprise Risk as well as Senior Counsel of Environment, Health and
Safety, PPG Industries. Ms. Reilly currently serves as a member of the Board
of Directors of UPMC Mercy Hospital.
$1,283.09
$300,000
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
TRUSTEE
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes
Complex; Retired; formerly, Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer,
University of Pittsburgh and Executive Vice President and Chief Legal
Officer, CONSOL Energy Inc. (split into two separate publicly traded
companies known as CONSOL Energy Inc. and CNX Resources Corp.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal
management roles and directorship positions throughout his career.
Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and
Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as
Chairman of the Board, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and
Chairman of the Board, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey
previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President,
CONSOL Energy Inc. and CNX Gas Company; and Board Member, Ethics
Counsel and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$1,411.41
$330,000
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2016
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Hermes
Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of
construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers
Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President,
Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles
and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously
served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$1,283.09
$300,000
17

OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Fund
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
 
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
TREASURER
Officer since: June 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Hermes Complex; Senior Vice President,
Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp.; and Assistant Treasurer,
Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Hermes, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors
Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services,
Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services
Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.,
Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA,
LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution
Services, Inc.
 
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER,
SECRETARY and EXECUTIVE
VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: November 2016
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer, Secretary and Executive Vice President of the Federated Hermes
Complex. He is General Counsel, Chief Legal Officer, Secretary and Executive Vice President, Federated Hermes, Inc.; Trustee
and Senior Vice President, Federated Investors Management Company; Trustee and President, Federated Administrative
Services; Director and President, Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Director and Vice President, Federated Securities
Corp.; Director and Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; Secretary, Federated Shareholder Services Company;
and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated Hermes, Inc. in 1984 and is a
member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Hermes,
Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Hermes, Inc.
 
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: June 2016
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Hermes Complex; Vice President
and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Hermes, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries.
Mr. Van Meter joined Federated Hermes in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Hermes, Inc. Prior to
joining Federated Hermes, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of
Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
 
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER
Officer since: November 2016
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated Hermes, Inc. in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a
Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated Hermes, Inc. taxable fixed-income products in
2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser in
2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered
Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
 
Chris McGinley
Birth Date: July 28, 1978
VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: November 2016
Portfolio Manager since:
December 2016
Principal Occupations: Chris McGinley has been the Fund’s Portfolio Manager since December 2016. He is Vice President of the
Fund. Mr. McGinley joined Federated Hermes in 2004 as an associate research analyst in the international fixed-income
department. He became an Assistant Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser in 2005 and Vice President in 2013. Mr. McGinley
joined the Sub-Adviser in 2013. Mr. McGinley worked in Senator Rick Santorum’s office in 2001 and from 2002 to 2004 he served
as Legislative Correspondent for Senator Santorum. Mr. McGinley earned his B.S. and received his M.P.I.A. from the University
of Pittsburgh.
 
Ihab Salib
Birth Date: December 14, 1964
VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: November 2016
Portfolio Manager since:
December 2016
Principal Occupations: Ihab Salib has been the Fund’s Portfolio Manager since December 2016. He is Vice President of the Fund.
Mr. Salib joined Federated Hermes in April 1999 as a Senior Fixed-Income Trader/Assistant Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser.
In July 2000, he was named a Vice President of the Fund’s Adviser and in January 2007 he was named a Senior Vice President of
the Fund’s Adviser. He has served as a Portfolio Manager since January 2002. From January 1994 through March 1999, Mr. Salib
was employed as a Senior Global Fixed-Income Analyst with UBS Brinson, Inc. Mr. Salib received his B.A. with a major in
Economics from Stony Brook University.
 
Maarten Offeringa
Birth Date: February 1, 1976
Vice President
Officer since: August 2019
Portfolio Manager since: July 2019
Principal Occupations: Maarten Offeringa has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July 2019. He is Vice President of the
Fund. Mr. Offeringa joined Federated Hermes in 2018. Mr. Offeringa is responsible for providing research and advice on sector
allocation and security selection. He has worked in financial services since 2002; has worked in investment management since
2018; has managed investment portfolios since 2019. Previous associations: Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch; Vice
President, J.P. Morgan. Education: MA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
 
Kazaur Rahman
Birth Date: November 30, 1982
Vice President
Officer since: August 2023
Portfolio Manager since: July 2023
Principal Occupations: Kazaur Rahman has been the Fund’s portfolio manager since July 2023. He is Vice President of the Fund.
Mr. Rahman joined Federated Hermes in 2019. Mr. Rahman is responsible for providing research and advice on sector allocation
and security selection. He has worked in financial services since 2005; has worked in investment management since 2019; has
managed investment portfolios since 2023. Previous associations include roles with: Deutsche Bank; VTB Capital; Bank of
America; PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Education: BSc, University of London.
 
 
 
 
*
Officers do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
In addition, the Fund has appointed an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
18

BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated Hermes or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund’s most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)1
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
$85.45
$60,000
1
The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund’s net assets at that time.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions
Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive
J. Christopher Donahue
John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may
exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the
business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive
Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the
Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease
the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares
or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval.
One
Audit
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O’Neill
P. Jerome Richey
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial
reporting process of the Fund, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting
and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund’s financial statements.
The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance
with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and
reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund’s
independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the
independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund’s
internal audit function.
Seven
19

Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions
Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Nominating
John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O’Neill
Madelyn A. Reilly
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees,
selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund’s Board when vacancies
occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders,
Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund’s agents or service
providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an
individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a
recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund’s address
appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the
name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed
information concerning the candidate’s qualifications and experience. In identifying
and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such
factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity,
intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience,
qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships
which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting
knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and
attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities.
One
BOARD’S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board’s role in overseeing the Fund’s general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated Hermes’ Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated Hermes, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund’s financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund’s Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated Hermes’ Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated HERMES Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2022
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Hermes Project
and Trade
Finance Tender Fund
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Hermes Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue
None
Over $100,000
Thomas R. Donahue
None
Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
 
 
John T. Collins
None
Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough
None
Over $100,000
Maureen Lally-Green
None
Over $100,000
Thomas M. O’Neill
None
Over $100,000
Madelyn A. Reilly
None
Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey
None
Over $100,000
John S. Walsh
None
Over $100,000
20

Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser’s policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
Proxy Voting Policies
As an investment adviser with a fiduciary duty to the Fund and its shareholders, the Adviser’s general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted in a manner that is consistent with the investment objectives of the Fund. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will improve the management of a company, increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities, or increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the “General Policy.”
The Adviser generally votes consistently on the same matter when securities of an issuer are held by multiple client portfolios. However, the Adviser may vote differently if a client’s investment objectives differ from those of other clients or if a client explicitly instructs the Adviser to vote differently.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to the most common management proposals and shareholder proposals. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on a thorough understanding of the Fund’s investment objectives and the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
On matters related to the board of directors, generally the Adviser will vote to elect nominees to the board in uncontested elections except in certain circumstances, such as where the director: (1) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (2) serves as the company’s chief financial officer, unless the company is headquartered in the UK where this is market practice; (3) has become over-boarded (more than five boards for retired executives and more than two boards for CEOs); (4) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (5) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (6) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that the Adviser supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year. In addition, the Adviser will generally vote in favor of (7) a full slate of directors, where the directors are elected as a group and not individually, unless more than half of the nominees are not independent; (8) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; (9) shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (10) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (11) a proposal to require a company’s audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; and (12) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority voting requirements in company bylaws.
On other matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote: (1) in favor of proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 10% of the outstanding stock agree; (2) against proposals to allow shareholders to act by written consent; (3) on a case-by-case basis for proposals to adopt or amend shareholder rights plans (also known as “poison pills”); (4) in favor of shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; and (5) in favor of shareholder proposals calling for “Proxy Access,” that is, a bylaw change allowing shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors.
Generally, the Adviser will vote every shareholder proposal of an environmental or social nature on a case-by-case basis. The quality of these shareholder proposals varies widely across markets. Similarly, company disclosures of their business practices related to environmental and social risks are not always adequate for investors to make risk assessments. Thus, the Adviser places great importance on company-specific analyses to determine how to vote. Above all, the Adviser will vote in a manner that would enhance the long-term value of the investment within the framework of the client’s investment objectives.
The Adviser’s general approach to analyzing these proposals calls for considering the literal meaning of the written proposal, the financial materiality of the proposal’s objective, and the practices followed by industry peers. This analysis utilizes research reports from the Adviser’s proxy advisors, company filings, as well as reports published by the company and other outside organizations.
On matters of capital structure, generally, the Adviser will vote proxies for U.S. issuers on a case-by-case basis for proposals to authorize the issuance of new shares if not connected to an M&A transaction and the potential dilution is more than 10%, against proposals to create multiple-class voting structures where one class has superior voting rights to the other classes, in favor of proposals to authorize reverse stock splits unless the amount of authorized shares is not also reduced proportionately. Generally, the Adviser will vote proxies for non-U.S. issuers in favor of proposals to authorize issuance of shares with and without pre-emptive rights unless the size of the authorities would threaten to unreasonably dilute existing shareholders.
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Votes on executive compensation come in many forms, including advisory votes on U.S. executive compensation plans (“Say on Pay”), advisory and binding votes on the design or implementation of non-U.S. executive remuneration plans, and votes to approve new equity plans or amendments to existing plans. Generally, the Adviser will support compensation arrangements that are aligned with the client’s long-term investment objectives. With respect to Say on Pay proposals, the Adviser will generally vote in favor unless the compensation plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance, or the design of the plan is likely to lead to misalignment in the future. The Adviser supports the principle of an annual shareholder vote on executive pay and will generally vote accordingly on proposals which set the frequency of the Say on Pay vote.
In some markets, especially Europe, shareholders are provided a vote on the remuneration policy, which sets out the structural elements of a company’s executive remuneration plan on a forward-looking basis. The Adviser will generally support these proposals unless the design of the remuneration policy fails to appropriately link executive compensation with corporate performance, total compensation appears excessive relative to the company’s industry peer group, with local market dynamics also taken into account; or there is insufficient disclosure to enable an informed judgment, particularly as it relates to the disclosure of the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded.
The Adviser will generally vote in favor of equity plan proposals unless they result in unreasonable dilution to existing shareholders, permit replacement of “underwater” options with new options on more favorable terms for the recipient, or omit the criteria for determining the granting or vesting of awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will generally vote in favor of mergers, acquisitions, and sales of assets if the Adviser’s analysis of the proposed business strategy and the transaction price would have a positive impact on the total return for shareholders.
If a shareholder meeting is contested, that is, shareholders are presented with a set of director candidates nominated by company management and a set of director candidates nominated by a dissident shareholder, the Adviser will study the proposed business strategies of both groups and vote in a way that maximizes expected total return for the Fund.
In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
To the extent that the Adviser is permitted to loan securities, the Adviser does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan. However, the Adviser will take all reasonable steps to recall shares prior to the record date when the meeting raises issues that the Adviser believes materially affect shareholder value, provided that the Adviser considers that the benefits of voting on the securities are greater than the associated costs, including the opportunity cost of the lost revenue that would otherwise be generated by the loan. However, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will have sufficient notice of such matters to be able to terminate the loan in time to vote thereon.
The Adviser will take into account feedback from issuers on the voting recommendations of the Adviser’s proxy advisory firm if the feedback is provided at least five days before the voting cut-off date. In certain circumstances, primarily those where the Adviser’s voting policy is absolute and without exception, issuer feedback will not be part of the voting decision. For example, it is the Adviser’s policy to always support a shareholder proposal to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO. Thus, any comments from the issuer opposing this proposal would not be considered.
If proxies are not delivered in a timely or otherwise appropriate basis, the Adviser may not be able to vote a particular proxy.
For an Adviser that employs a quantitative investment strategy for certain funds or accounts that does not make use of qualitative research (“Non-Qualitative Accounts”), the Adviser may not have the kind of research to make decisions about how to vote proxies for them. Therefore, the Adviser will vote the proxies of these Non-Qualitative Accounts as follows: (a) in accordance with the Standard Voting Instructions (defined below); (b) if the Adviser is casting votes for the same proxy on behalf of a regular qualitative account and a Non-Qualitative Account, the Non-Qualitative Account would vote in the same manner as the regular qualitative account; (c) if neither of the first two conditions apply, as the proxy advisory firm is recommending; and (d) if none of the previous conditions apply, as recommended by the Proxy Voting Committee.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. Besides voting the proxies, this work includes engaging with investee companies on corporate governance matters, managing the proxy
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advisory firm, soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser’s investment professionals, bringing voting recommendations to the Committee for approval, filing with regulatory agencies any required proxy voting reports, providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time, and keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to corporate governance and proxy voting.
The Adviser has compiled a list of specific voting instructions based on the General Policy (the “Standard Voting Instructions”). The Standard Voting Instructions and any modifications to them are approved by the Proxy Committee. The Standard Voting Instructions sometimes call for an investment professional to review the ballot question and provide a voting recommendation to the Proxy Committee (a “case-by-case vote”). The foregoing notwithstanding, the Proxy Committee always has the authority to determine a final voting decision.
The Adviser has hired a proxy advisory firm to perform various proxy voting related administrative services such as ballot reconciliation, vote processing, and recordkeeping functions. Currently this service is provided by Glass Lewis & Co., LLC. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy advisory firm with the Standard Voting Instructions. The Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is in accordance with the General Policy. The proxy advisory firm may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case handling for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy advisory firm to develop a voting recommendation for the Committee and to communicate the Committee’s final voting decision to the proxy advisory firm. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or the Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote.
A company that is a proponent, opponent or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. This requirement includes engagement meetings with investee companies and does not include communications with proxy solicitation firms. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund’s Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders’ meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated Hermes mutual fund, generally the Adviser will proportionally vote the client’s proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund’s proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund’s proxies for that fund.
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Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company’s outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (“Downstream Affiliate”), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company’s securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers’ Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy advisory firm board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy advisory firm will write a research report. This and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy advisory firm have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
◾ A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy advisory firm on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy advisory firm has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
◾ Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy advisory firm recommendation and the proxy advisory firm has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy advisory firm for that issuer; (b) the Director of Proxy Voting, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy advisory firm research report and the research report of the other proxy advisory firm and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund at FederatedHermes.com/us/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC’s website at sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of November 1, 2023, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially or both, 5% or more of outstanding Common Shares: Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association, Livonia, MI, owned approximately 27,998,179 Shares (46.84%); Auto-Owners Insurance Company, Lansing, MI, owned approximately 20,087,384 Shares (33.60%); Energy Insurance Mutual Limited, Tampa, FL, owned approximately 6,649,120 Shares (11.12%); and Auto-Owners Life Insurance Company, Lansing, MI, owned approximately 5,027,666 Shares (8.41%).
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Common Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association is a Legislatively Created Entity in the Department of Insurance and Financial Services in the State of Michigan.
Auto-Owners Insurance Company is a Mutual Property and Casualty Insurer in the Department of Insurance and Financial Services in the State of Michigan.
Investment Advisory and Other Services
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated Hermes. The Adviser shall not be liable to the Fund or any Fund Shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Fund.
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The Advisory Agreement has an initial term of two years, and may continue thereafter so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund (the “Independent Trustees”). The Fund or the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement at any time without penalty on 60 days’ written notice to the other party. Material amendments to the Advisory Agreement require shareholder approval.
The Fund’s investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Summary of Fund Expenses” table found in the Prospectus.
In December 2017, Federated Investors, Inc., now Federated Hermes, Inc. (“Federated Hermes”), became a signatory to the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI). The PRI is an investor initiative in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative and the United Nations Global Compact. Commitments made as a signatory to the PRI are not legally binding, but are voluntary and aspirational. They include efforts, where consistent with our fiduciary responsibilities, to incorporate environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues into investment analysis and investment decision making, to be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices, to seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest, to promote acceptance and implementation of the PRI within the investment industry, to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the PRI, and to report on our activities and progress towards implementing the PRI. Being a signatory to the PRI does not obligate Federated Hermes to take, or not take, any particular action as it relates to investment decisions or other activities.
In July, 2018, Federated Investors, Inc., now Federated Hermes, acquired a majority interest in Federated Hermes Limited (FHL), a pioneer of integrated ESG investing. Federated Hermes now owns 100% of FHL. FHL’s experience with ESG issues contributes to Federated Hermes’ understanding of material risks and opportunities these issues may present.
EOS at Federated Hermes, which was established as Hermes Equity Ownership Services Limited (EOS) in 2004 as an affiliate of Hermes Investment Management Limited, is a 50+ member engagement and stewardship team that conducts long-term, objectives-driven dialogue with board and senior executive level representatives of approximately 1,000 unique issuers annually. It seeks to address the most material ESG risks and opportunities through constructive and continuous discussions with the goal of improving long-term results for investors. Engagers’ deep understanding across sectors, themes and regional markets, along with language and cultural expertise, allows EOS to provide insights to companies on the merits of addressing ESG risks and the positive benefits of capturing opportunities. Federated Hermes investment management teams have access to the insights gained from understanding a company’s approach to these long-term strategic matters as an additional input to improve portfolio risk/return characteristics.
THE SUB-ADVISER
Under the supervision of the Adviser and oversight by the Board and pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, will act as sub-investment adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will have day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities of the Fund.
Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, a limited liability partnership incorporated in England and Wales, is wholly owned, London based subsidiary of Federated Hermes, Inc., and is authorized and regulated by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to provide investment management services. The Sub-Adviser advises approximately 6 registered investment companies. The Sub-Adviser’s assets under management totaled approximately $7.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. The Sub-Adviser’s assets under management are currently primarily comprised of assets from non-U.S. domiciled funds, other pooled investment vehicles and separate accounts, such as UK registered money market funds and other accounts of institutional clients from the UK, Europe and certain other non-U.S. jurisdictions.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023, March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, the Adviser paid the Sub-Adviser $2,226,231, $1,781,115 and $216,667, respectively, for investment advisory services. The Sub-Adviser’s fee is based on a rate of 0.39% of the portion managed by the Sub-Adviser of the average daily net assets of the Fund, accrued daily and payable monthly.
Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of a fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other funds/pooled investment vehicles or accounts (collectively, including the Fund, as applicable, “accounts”) for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more
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than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager’s compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers’ compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund’s Portfolio Managers is provided as of the end of the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
Ihab Salib, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Ihab Salib
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Additional Accounts/Assets Managed
that are Subject to Advisory Fee
Based on Account Performance
Registered Investment Companies
15/$2.3 billion
0/$0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
7/$421.4 million
0/$0
Other Accounts
2/$25.4 million
2/$404.8 million
*
None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Ihab Salib is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager’s experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP), and may also include a discretionary component based on a variety of factors deemed relevant, such as financial measures and performance and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Hermes, Inc. (“Federated Hermes”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and four calendar year pre-tax gross total return basis versus the Fund’s benchmark (i.e., ICE BofA US Dollar 1-Month Deposit Offered Rate Constant Maturity Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded.
As noted above, Mr. Salib is also the portfolio manager for other accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which Mr. Salib is responsible when his compensation is calculated may be equal or can vary.
In addition, Mr. Salib has oversight responsibility for other portfolios that he does not personally manage and serves on one or more Investment Teams that establish guidelines on various performance drivers (e.g., currency, duration, sector, volatility and/or yield curve) for taxable, fixed-income accounts. A portion of the IPP score is based on Federated Hermes’ senior management’s assessment of team contributions.
For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account managed or activity engaged in by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. At the account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is lesser than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts or activities used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management’s assessment of overall contributions to fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
Any individual allocations from the discretionary pool may be determined, by executive management on a discretionary basis using various factors, such as, for example, on a product, strategy or asset class basis, and considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant (and may be adjusted periodically).
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Christopher McGinley, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Christopher McGinley
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies
9/$737.6 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
1/$936.2 thousand
Other Accounts
1/$968.3 thousand
*
None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Christopher McGinley is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager’s experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and may also include a discretionary component based on a variety of factors deemed relevant, such as financial measures and performance and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Hermes, Inc. (“Federated Hermes”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and four calendar year pre-tax gross total return basis versus the Fund’s benchmark (i.e., ICE BofA US Dollar 1-Month Deposit Offered Rate Constant Maturity Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded.
As noted above, Mr. McGinley is also the portfolio manager for other accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts for which Mr. McGinley is responsible when his compensation is calculated may be equal or can vary.
For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. At the account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management’s assessment of overall contributions to fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
Any individual allocations from the discretionary pool may be determined, by executive management on a discretionary basis using various factors, such as, for example, on a product, strategy or asset class basis, and considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant (and may be adjusted periodically).
Maarten Offeringa, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Maarten Offeringa
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies
4/$737.6 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
0/$0
Other Accounts
0/$0
*
None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Maarten Offeringa is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager’s experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and may also include a discretionary component based on a variety of factors deemed relevant, such as financial measures and performance, and is paid entirely in cash. The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and four calendar year pre-tax gross total return basis versus the Fund’s benchmark (i.e., ICE BofA US Dollar 1-Month Deposit Offered Rate Constant Maturity Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded.
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As noted above, Mr. Offeringa is also the portfolio manager for other accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts for which Mr. Offeringa is responsible when his compensation is calculated may be equal or can vary.
For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. At the account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Additionally, a portion of Mr. Offeringa’s IPP score is based on the performance of the accounts for which he provides research and analytic support. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management’s assessment of overall contributions to account performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
Any individual allocations from the discretionary pool may be determined, by executive management on a discretionary basis using various factors, such as, for example, on a product, strategy or asset class basis, and considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant (and may be adjusted periodically).
Kazaur Rahman, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Kazaur Rahman
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies
4/$737.6 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
0/$0
Other Accounts
0/$0
*
None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Kazaur Rahman is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager’s experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and may also include a discretionary component based on a variety of factors deemed relevant, such as financial measures and performance, and is paid entirely in cash. The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and four calendar year pre-tax gross total return basis versus the Fund’s benchmark (i.e., ICE BofA US Dollar 1-Month Deposit Offered Rate Constant Maturity Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded.
For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. At the account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Additionally, a portion of Mr. Rahman’s IPP score is based on the performance of the accounts for which he provides research and analytic support. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management’s assessment of overall contributions to account performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
Any individual allocations from the discretionary pool may be determined, by executive management on a discretionary basis using various factors, such as, for example, on a product, strategy or asset class basis, and considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant (and may be adjusted periodically).
In addition, Mr. Rahman was awarded a grant of restricted Federated Hermes stock. Awards of restricted stock are discretionary and are made in variable amounts based on the subjective judgment of Federated Hermes’ senior management
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
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Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act (as applicable), the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated Hermes, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance and financial administrative services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS does not charge the Fund an Administrative Services fee but is entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
Custodian
State Street Bank & Trust Company is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund. Foreign instruments purchased by the Fund are held by foreign banks participating in a network coordinated by State Street Bank & Trust Company.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
SS&C GIDS, Inc., the Fund’s registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund’s financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
PRICING OF FUND SHARES
The net asset value (NAV) of the Fund is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV by valuing its assets, subtracting its liabilities, and dividing the balance by the number of Shares outstanding. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s valuation designee to perform any fair value determinations for securities and other assets held by the Fund. The Adviser, acting through its “Valuation Committee,” is responsible for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Valuation Committee is comprised of officers of the Adviser and certain of the Adviser’s affiliated companies and determines fair value and oversees the calculation of the NAV. The Valuation Committee is also authorized to use pricing services to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. The fair value method may be used to value trade finance related securities or other securities. The Valuation Committee is subject to Board oversight and certain reporting and other requirements intended to provide the Board the information it needs to oversee the Adviser’s fair value determinations.
The Adviser, as the Board’s valuation designee, has approved and monitors the procedures under which trade finance related securities are valued. Trade finance related securities that meet certain criteria and are deemed to have prices that are readily available and reliable are valued by an independent pricing service. Other trade finance related securities are valued at their fair value. In connection with determining the fair value of trade finance related securities, the Valuation Committee will in good faith make an assessment of fair value. The factors that may be considered by the Valuation Committee when making this assessment are: (1) the cost and/or repayment performance of the underlying trade finance security; (2) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (3) information regarding the investment or the issuer; (4) information on the sector in which the issuer is active or the country or region where the issuer is located; (5) changes in financial conditions and business prospects
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disclosed in the issuer’s financial statements and other reports; (6) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (7) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (8) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (9) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (10) other factors that might affect the investment’s value.
The fair value of each trade finance related security is approved by the Valuation Committee and periodically reviewed by the Board of Trustees based upon the Adviser’s procedures.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
◾ Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and ask quotations from one or more dealers.
◾ Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and ask quotations from one or more dealers.
◾ Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and ask quotations from one or more dealers.
◾ Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Adviser. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below.
◾ Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and ask quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
◾ OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Adviser. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts may be fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
◾ Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Adviser’s valuation policies and procedures, or if information furnished by a pricing service, in the opinion of the Valuation Committee, is deemed not representative of the fair value of such security, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund’s NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from a third party.
The Fund follows procedures that are common in the registered fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share.
Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Adviser, acting through its Valuation Committee, is responsible for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Valuation Committee is comprised of officers of the Adviser and certain of the Adviser’s affiliated companies and determines fair value and oversees the calculation of the NAV. The Valuation Committee is also authorized to use pricing services to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
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Pricing Service Valuations. The Valuation Committee, subject to Board oversight, is authorized to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer’s operations or liquidation.
Special valuation considerations may apply with respect to the Fund’s “odd-lot” positions, if any, as the Fund may receive lower prices when it sells such positions than it would receive for sales of institutional round lot positions. Typically, these securities are valued assuming orderly transactions of institutional round lot sizes, but the Fund may hold or, from time to time, transact in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes.
The Valuation Committee oversees the Fund’s pricing services, which includes, among other things, monitoring significant or unusual price fluctuations above predetermined tolerance levels from the prior day, back-testing of pricing services’ prices against actual sale transactions, conducting periodic due diligence meetings and reviews and periodically reviewing the inputs, assumptions and methodologies used by these pricing services. If information furnished by a pricing service is not readily available or, in the opinion of the Valuation Committee, is deemed not representative of the fair value of such security, the security will be fair valued by the Valuation Committee in accordance with procedures established by the Adviser as discussed below in “Fair Valuation Procedures.”
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the bid and ask prices for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has designated the Adviser as the Fund’s valuation designee to perform the fair value determination for securities and other assets held by the Fund. The Adviser has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment’s “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment’s fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer’s financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment’s value.
The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to the oversight of the Board. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee. The Board has also approved the Adviser’s fair valuation procedures and significant events procedures as part of the Fund’s compliance program and will review any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment’s most recent closing price and from the prices used by other registered funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represents a good faith determination of such investment’s fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share, and the actual value could be materially different.
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Significant Events. The Adviser has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment’s value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or after the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
◾ With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
◾ Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
◾ Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer’s operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer’s industry.
The Adviser has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to provide factors to update the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets from the time of the close of their respective foreign stock exchanges to the pricing time of the Fund. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
The fair valuation of securities following a significant event can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities for short-term traders to profit at the expense of long-term investors in the Fund. For example, such arbitrage opportunities may exist when the market on which portfolio securities are traded closes before the Fund calculates its NAV, which is typically the case with Asian and European markets. However, there is no assurance that these significant event procedures will prevent dilution of the NAV by short-term traders.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board periodically reviews any fair valuations made in response to significant events.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Adviser may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Adviser. These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund’s Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund’s and/or other Federated Hermes funds’ relationship with the financial intermediary. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Adviser and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Portfolio Trading
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
Equity securities may be traded in the over-the-counter market through broker/dealers acting as principal or agent, or in transactions directly with other investors. Transactions may also be executed on a securities exchange or through an electronic communications network. The Adviser seeks to obtain best execution of trades in equity securities by balancing the costs inherent in trading, including opportunity costs, market impact costs and commissions. As a general matter, the Adviser seeks to add value to its investment management by using market information to capitalize on market opportunities, actively seek liquidity and discover price. The Adviser continually monitors its trading results in an effort to improve execution. Fixed-income
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securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a fixed-income security. The Adviser’s receipt of research services (as described below) may also be a factor in the Adviser’s selection of brokers and dealers. The Adviser may also direct certain portfolio trades to a broker that, in turn, pays a portion of the Fund’s operating expenses. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund’s Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Except as noted below, when the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investments for Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund and other accounts managed by that fund’s portfolio managers in initial public offerings (IPO) are made independently from any other accounts, and much of their non-IPO trading may also be conducted independently from other accounts. Trading and allocation of investments, including IPOs, for accounts managed by Federated MDTA LLC are also made independently from the Fund. Investment decisions and trading for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser also are generally made and conducted independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Brokerage and Research Services
Brokerage services include execution of trades and products and services that relate to the execution of trades, including communications services related to trade execution, clearing and settlement, trading software used to route orders to market centers, software that provides algorithmic trading strategies and software used to transmit orders to direct market access (DMA) systems. Research services may include: advice as to the advisability of investing in securities; security analysis and reports; economic studies; industry studies; receipt of quotations for portfolio evaluations; and similar services. Research services assist the Adviser and its affiliates in terms of their overall investment responsibilities to funds and investment accounts for which they have investment discretion. However, particular brokerage and research services received by the Adviser and its affiliates may not be used to service every fund or account, and may not benefit the particular funds and accounts that generated the brokerage commissions. In addition, brokerage and research services paid for with commissions generated by the Fund may be used in managing other funds and accounts. To the extent that receipt of these services may replace services for which the Adviser or its affiliates might otherwise have paid, it would tend to reduce their expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates exercise reasonable business judgment in selecting brokers to execute securities transactions where receipt of research services is a factor. They determine in good faith that commissions charged by such persons are reasonable in relationship to the value of the brokerage and research services provided.
Taxes
The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, meet the following requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets:
(i) The Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from the following sources: (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies; and (b) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in the Code).
(ii) The Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year: (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such
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issuer; and (b) not more than 25% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies) of (I) any one issuer, (II) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in the Code).
As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that the Fund distributes to its shareholders provided that it distributes each taxable year at least the sum of (i) 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss and other taxable income, other than any net long-term capital gain, reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and (ii) 90% of the Fund’s net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of such income each year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporation rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.
In order to avoid incurring a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax obligation, the Code requires that the Fund distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (which is the excess of its realized net long-term capital gain over its realized net short-term capital loss), generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, after reduction by any available capital loss carryforwards, and (iii) 100% of any ordinary income and capital gain net income from the prior year (as previously computed) that were not paid out during such year and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any ordinary income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Fund’s ordinary income and capital gain will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to corporate income taxes, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including distributions of net capital gain (if any), will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income or, if certain holding period and other requirements are met, as qualified dividend income. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions.
Distributions of any taxable net investment income and net short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain designated as capital gain dividends, if any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time they held their Shares. Distributions, if any, in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a holder’s Shares and, after that basis has been reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to the shareholder (assuming the Shares are held as a capital asset). See below for a summary of the maximum tax rates applicable to capital gains (including capital gain dividends). The Fund’s distributions generally will not qualify either for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporate taxpayers or as qualified dividend income subject to favorable tax treatment for individual taxpayers. “Qualified dividend income” means dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations and qualifying foreign corporations, provided that the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the stock of such corporations and, when distributed by the Fund to individual shareholders, such shareholders satisfy certain holding period and other requirements in respect of their Shares.
Dividends and other distributions declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a date in any of those months will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the shareholders on December 31 of that year if the distributions are paid by the Fund during the following January. Accordingly, those distributions will be taxed to shareholders for the year in which that December 31 falls. The Fund will inform shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.
Dividends and interest received, and gains realized, by the Fund on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions (collectively “foreign taxes”) that would reduce the return on its securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States, however, may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
The Fund believes that substantially all of its investment strategies will generate qualifying income for purposes of the Fund meeting the requirements for treatment as a RIC under current federal income tax law. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance investments. Also, the Code expressly provides the U.S. Treasury with authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from qualifying income if such gains
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are not directly related to a fund’s business of investing in stock or securities. While to date the U.S. Treasury has not exercised this regulatory authority, there can be no assurance that it will not issue regulations in the future (possibly with retroactive application) that would treat some or all of the Fund’s foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income for RIC purposes, which may affect the Fund’s status as a RIC for all years to which such regulations are applicable.
Because the Fund will invest substantially in interest-bearing securities rather than in the stock of domestic corporations, dividends paid by the Fund are generally not expected to qualify for the reduced income tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income.
The Fund’s investment in zero coupon and certain other securities will cause it to realize income prior to the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities. Such income will be accrued daily by the Fund and, in order to avoid a tax payable by the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold in order to generate cash so that the Fund may make required distributions to its shareholders.
Investments in lower rated or unrated securities may present special tax issues for the Fund to the extent that the issuers of these securities default on their obligations pertaining thereto. The Code is not entirely clear regarding the federal income tax consequences of the Fund’s taking certain positions in connection with ownership of such distressed securities, such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount, or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income, and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund if it holds such obligations in order to reduce the risk of distributing insufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company and seek to avoid becoming subject to federal income or excise tax.
Any recognized gain or income attributable to market discount on long-term debt obligations (i.e., on obligations with a term of more than one year except to the extent of a portion of the discount attributable to original issue discount) purchased by the Fund is taxable as ordinary income. A long-term debt obligation is generally treated as acquired at a market discount if purchased after its original issue at a price less than (i) the stated principal amount payable at maturity, in the case of an obligation that does not have original issue discount or (ii) in the case of an obligation that does have original issue discount, the sum of the issue price and any original issue discount that accrued before the obligation was purchased, subject to a de minimis exclusion.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain foreign currency futures and options, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income and losses and may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. If the net foreign exchange loss for a year treated as ordinary loss under Section 988 were to exceed the Fund’s investment company taxable income, computed without regard to such loss but after considering the post-October loss regulations, the resulting overall ordinary loss for such year would not be deductible by the Fund or its shareholders in future years. Under such circumstances, distributions paid by the Fund could be deemed return of capital.
Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund.
Certain transactions entered into by the Fund are subject to special tax rules of the Code that may, among other things, (a) affect the character of gains and losses realized, (b) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions and (c) accelerate the recognition of income without a corresponding receipt of cash (with which to make the necessary distributions to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs). Operation of these rules may affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. Special tax rules may also require the Fund to mark-to-market (i.e., treat them as sold on the last day of the taxable year) certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., some of the call options written by the Fund) and may result in the recognition of income without a corresponding receipt of cash. The Fund intends to monitor transactions, make appropriate tax elections and make appropriate entries in its books and records to avoid any possible disqualification for the special treatment afforded RICs under the Code.
The Fund will inform shareholders of the source and tax status of all distributions promptly after the close of each calendar year.
35

The repurchase or transfer of Shares may result in a taxable gain or loss to the tendering shareholder. Different tax consequences may apply for tendering and non-tendering shareholders in connection with a repurchase offer. For example, if a shareholder does not tender all of his or her Shares, such repurchase may not be treated as an exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may result in deemed distributions to non-tendering shareholders. On the other hand, shareholders who tender all of their Shares (including Shares deemed owned by shareholders under constructive ownership rules) will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will realize a capital gain or loss. Such gain or loss is measured by the difference between the shareholder’s amount received and his or her adjusted tax basis of the Shares. For non-corporate Shareholders, gain or loss from the transfer or repurchase of Shares generally will be taxable at a U.S. federal income tax rate dependent upon the length of time the Shares were held. The maximum tax rate applicable to net capital gains recognized by individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers is (i) the same as the maximum ordinary income tax rate for gains recognized on the sale of capital assets held for one year or less, or (ii) 20% for gains recognized on the sale of capital assets held for more than one year (as well as certain capital gain distributions). Any loss on a disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received with respect to those Shares. For purposes of determining whether Shares have been held for six months or less, the holding period is suspended for any periods during which the shareholder’s risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more other positions in substantially similar or related property, or through certain options or short sales. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of Shares will be disallowed to the extent those Shares are replaced by other Shares within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of the Shares (whether through the reinvestment of distributions, which could occur, for example, if the shareholder is a participant in the Plan (as defined below) or otherwise). In that event, the basis of the replacement Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
An investor should be aware that, if Shares are purchased shortly before the record date for any taxable distribution (including a capital gain distribution), the purchase price likely will reflect the value of the distribution and the investor then would receive a taxable distribution likely to reduce the trading value of such Shares, in effect resulting in a taxable return of some of the purchase price.
Amounts paid by the Fund to individuals and certain other shareholders who have not provided the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) and certain certifications required by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as well as shareholders with respect to whom the Fund has received certain information from the IRS or a broker may be subject to “backup” withholding of federal income tax arising from the Fund’s taxable dividends and other distributions as well as the gross proceeds of sales of Shares, at the current rate of 24%. An individual’s TIN is generally his or her social security number. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from payments made to a shareholder may be refunded or credited against such shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
If a shareholder realizes a loss on disposition of Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies.
Certain net investment income received by an individual having modified adjusted gross income in excess of $200,000 (or $250,000 for married individuals filing jointly) will be subject to a tax of 3.8 percent. Certain dividends and capital gain distributions paid by the Fund will constitute investment income of the type subject to this tax.
The foregoing briefly summarizes some of the material federal income tax consequences to shareholders of investing in Shares, reflects the federal tax law as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, and does not address special tax rules applicable to certain types of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, foreign investors, insurance companies and financial institutions. Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes that an investor is a U.S. person and holds the Shares as a capital asset. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations by the courts or the IRS retroactively or prospectively. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with respect to special tax rules that may apply in their particular situations, as well as the state, local, and, where applicable, foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund.
Non-U.S. investors not engaged in a U.S. trade or business with which their investment in the Fund is effectively connected will be subject to U.S. federal income tax treatment that is different from that described above. These investors may be subject to nonresident alien withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable tax treaty) on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from a Fund and, unless an effective IRS Form W-8BEN or other authorized withholding certificate is on file
36

and to backup withholding on certain other payments from the Fund. Capital gain distributions and dividends properly designated as interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends will not be subject to the 30% withholding tax. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisers regarding such treatment and the application of foreign taxes to an investment in the Fund.
Under recent legislation known as FATCA, beginning in 2014, a 30% U.S. withholding tax may apply to any U.S.-source “withholdable payments” made to a non-U.S. entity unless the non-U.S. entity enters into an agreement with either the IRS or a governmental authority in its own country, as applicable, to collect and provide substantial information regarding the entity’s owners, including “specified United States persons” and “United States owned foreign entities,” or otherwise demonstrates compliance with or exemption from FATCA. The term “withholdable payment” for these purposes would include dividends paid by the Fund. The withholding tax regime went into effect on July 1, 2014 with respect to U.S.-source income. Proposed regulations (having immediate effect) would eliminate the withholding tax that was scheduled to begin in 2019 with respect to U.S.-source investment sale proceeds. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the impact of this recent legislation on their investment in the Fund.
State and local taxes
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers as to the state or local tax consequences of investing in the Fund.
Other Information
The Fund is an organization of the type commonly known as a “Delaware statutory trust.” The Fund’s Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees and officers of the Fund, in their capacity as such, will not be personally liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law; but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. Voting rights are not cumulative, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the Shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees and, in such event, the holders of the remaining less than 50% of the Shares voting on the matter will not be able to elect any Trustees.
Pursuant to Delaware law, the Fund’s Declaration of Trust places certain limitations on the ability of shareholders to bring derivative actions on behalf of the Fund. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, that generally at least 10% of shareholders must join a written demand of the Trustees to bring an action and that the Trustees may review and reject the demand after evaluation. The Fund’s Declaration of Trust also includes provisions altering the fiduciary duties of the Fund’s Trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Fund. Such limitations do not apply to claims asserted under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal laws, rules or regulations do not permit such application. To the extent it is determined that any such applicable laws or regulations preclude the application of these limitations under federal securities laws, the relevant provisions of the Fund’s Declaration of Trust are severable and any such determination would not affect the remaining provisions of the Fund’s Declaration of Trust.
The Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement that the Fund has filed with the SEC. The complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations.
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund dated March 31, 2023.
37

Addresses
Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
1-800-341-7400
Investment Sub-Adviser
Federated Hermes (UK) LLP
150 Cheapside
London, EC2V 6ET, England
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779
1-800-341-7400
Custodian
State Street Bank & Trust Company
P.O. Box 219221
Kansas City, MO 64121-9221
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
SS&C GIDS, Inc.
1055 Broadway
Kansas City, MO 64105
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111




38

PART C. OTHER INFORMATION.

Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits

(1)                Financial Statements

Included in Part A:

Financial Highlights for period ended March 31, 2023

Included in Part B:

Portfolio of Investments.*

Financial Highlights.*

Statement of Assets and Liabilities.*

Statement of Operations.*

Statement of Changes in Net Assets.*

Statement of Cash Flows.*

Notes to Financial Statements.*

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*

*Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form N-CSR filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2023 (Accession No. 0001623632-23-000693)

 

(2)                Exhibits:

(a) Declaration of Trust  
1 Conformed copy of Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated June 23, 2016, including Amendment effective June 26, 2020, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  
2 Conformed copy of Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated October 1, 2016, including Amendment No. 1 effective June 26, 2020, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  

 

(b) By-Laws  
  Copy of By-Laws of the Registrant dated October 1, 2016, (effective as of June 26, 2020) including Amendment No. 1 dated August 17, 2018, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  

 

(c) Copies of any Voting Trust Agreement with respect to more than Five Percent of any Class of Equity Securities of the Registrant  
  Not applicable  

 

(d) Constituent Instruments Defining Rights of Holders of Securities  
1 Response is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (a)(2) above  
2 Response is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 (b) above  

 

(e) Dividend Reinvestment Plan  
  Copy of Registrant’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (reflecting Registrant name change dated June 29, 2020), as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  

 

(f) Constituent Instruments Defining Rights of Holders of Long-Term Debt Securities of Subsidiaries for which Consolidated or Unconsolidated Financial Statements are Required to be Filed  
  Not applicable  

 

(g) Investment Advisory Contracts  
     
1

Federated Investment Management Company

Conformed copy of the investment advisory contract of the Registrant (reflecting Registrant name change dated June 29, 2020), dated October 1, 2016, including Exhibit A, and Limited Power of Attorney dated June 1, 2017, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)

 
     
2

Federated Hermes (UK) LLP

Conformed copy of the investment subadvisory agreement of the Registrant, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Hermes (UK) LLP, dated October 17, 2016 (reflecting Registrant name change dated June 29, 2020 and Subadviser name change dated June 19, 2020), including Appendix A and Limited Power of Attorney dated June 1, 2017, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 on May 27, 2021 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)

 

 

(h) Underwriting Contracts  
  Conformed copy of Distributor’s Contact of the Registrant dated October 1, 2016, (reflecting Registrant name change dated June 29, 2020), as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  

 

(i) Bonus, Profit Sharing, Pension, or Other Similar Contracts or Arrangements  
  Not applicable  

 

(j) Custodian Agreements  
  Conformed copy of Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement dated March 1, 2017 by and between State Street Bank and Trust Company and the Registrant, including Appendix A, revised as of September 1, 2023 +

 

(k) Other Material Contracts  
     
1 Agency Agreement  
 

Conformed copy of amended Agency Agreement between Registrant and DST Systems, Inc., dated December 6, 2016 (reflecting Registrant name change dated June 29, 2020), as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed July 21, 2020 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)

 

 
     
2 Administrative Services Agreement  
(a) Conformed copy of the Second Amended and Restated Agreement for Administrative Services between the Federated Funds and Federated Administrative Services dated September 1, 2017, including Exhibit A (revised June 1, 2021) and Exhibit B, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 filed May 26, 2022 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  
(b) Conformed copy of the Third Amended and Restated Agreement for Administrative Services between the Federated Funds and Federated Administrative Services dated September 1, 2021, including Exhibit A (dated April 1, 2022) and Exhibit B, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 filed May 26, 2022 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  
(c) Conformed copy of the Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement for Administrative Services between the Federated Funds and Federated Administrative Services dated September 1, 2022, including Exhibit A (dated June 1, 2023) and Exhibit B, as filed via EDGAR in the Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2023 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108 and 811-23174)  
     
3 Financial Administration and Accounting Agreement  
  Conformed copy of the Financial Administration and Accounting Services Agreement between the Federated Funds and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated March 1, 2011, including Exhibit A (updated as of October 1, 2022), as filed via EDGAR in the Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2023 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108 and 811-23174)  

 

(l) Legal Opinion  
  Conformed copy of Opinion and Consent of K&L Gates LLP +

 

(m) Consent to Service of Process  
  Not applicable  

 

(n) Other Opinions  
  Conformed copy of Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm +

 

(o) Omitted Financial Statements  
  Not applicable  

 

(p) Initial Capital Agreements  
  Conformed copy of Initial Capital Understanding, as filed via EDGAR in Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 filed October 28, 2016 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-212613 and 811-23174)  

 

(q) Model Retirement Plans  
  Not applicable  

 

(r) Codes of Ethics  
  Conformed copy of the Federated Hermes, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons, effective November 10, 2021, as filed via EDGAR in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 filed May 26, 2022 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-231065 and 811-23174)  

 

(s) Calculation of Filing Fee Table  
  Copy of the Registrant’s Calculation of Filing Fee Tables (Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities) +

 

(t) Powers of Attorney  
  Conformed copy of Power of Attorney of the Registrant, as filed via EDGAR in the Registration Statement filed on May 22, 2023 on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108 and 811-23174)  

 

+ Exhibit is being filed electronically with registration statement  

 

Exhibit List for Inline Interactive Data File Submission.

Index No. Description of Exhibit
EX-101.INS XBRL Instance Document - Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
EX-101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
EX-101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
EX-101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
EX-101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
EX-101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
 

 

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements

Distribution contract incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment #1 filed October 28, 2016.

Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

Not applicable.

Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund:

None.

Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities

Set forth below is the number of record holders as of November 1, 2023, of each class of securities of the Registrant:

Title of Class Number of Record Holders
Common shares of beneficial interest 5

 

Item 30. Indemnification:

Indemnification is provided to Officers and Trustees of the Registrant pursuant to the Registrant’s By-Laws, as amended. This includes indemnification against: (a) any liabilities or expenses incurred in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or proceeding in which an Officer or Trustee may be or may have been involved; and (b) any liabilities and expenses incurred by an Officer or Trustee as a result of having provided personally identifiable information to a regulator or counterparty by or with whom the Registrant or its series is regulated or engages in business to satisfy a legal or procedural requirement of such regulator or counterparty.

The Investment Advisory Contract, and Sub-Advisory Agreement as applicable, (collectively, “Advisory Contracts”) between the Registrant and the investment adviser, and sub-adviser as applicable, (collectively, “Advisers”) of its series, provide that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the obligations or duties under the Advisory Contracts on the part of the Advisers, Advisers shall not be liable to the Registrant or to any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of or connected in any way with rendering services or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security.

The Registrant’s distribution contract contains provisions limiting the liability, and providing for indemnification, of the Officers and Trustees under certain circumstances.

Registrant’s Trustees and Officers are covered by an Investment Trust Errors and Omissions Policy.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, Officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by Trustees), Officers, or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustees, Officers, or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities may be permitted pursuant to Section 17 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for Trustees, Officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, the Registrant is aware of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission as set forth in Investment Company Act Release No. IC-11330. Therefore, the Registrant undertakes that in addition to complying with the applicable provisions of the By-Laws, as amended, or otherwise, in the absence of a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before which the proceeding was brought, that an indemnification payment will not be made unless in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable determination based upon factual review has been made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of non-party Trustees who are not interested persons of the Registrant or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion that the indemnitee was not liable for an act of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties. The Registrant further undertakes that advancement of expenses incurred in the defense of a proceeding (upon undertaking for repayment unless it is ultimately determined that indemnification is appropriate) against an Officer, Trustee or controlling person of the Registrant will not be made absent the fulfillment of at least one of the following conditions: (i) the indemnitee provides security for his undertaking; (ii) the Registrant is insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances; or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party Trustees or independent legal counsel in a written opinion makes a factual determination that there is reason to believe the indemnitee will be entitled to indemnification.

 

Item 31  Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser (Federated Investment Management Company):
For a description of the other business of the Investment Adviser, see the section entitled “Who Manages the Fund?” in Part A. The affiliations with the Registrant of two of the Trustees and three of the Officers of the Investment Adviser are included in Part B of this Registration Statement under "Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?"  The remaining Trustees of the Investment Adviser and, in parentheses, their principal occupations are:  Thomas R. Donahue, (Chief Financial Officer, Federated Hermes, Inc.), 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779, John B. Fisher, (Vice Chairman, Federated Hermes, Inc.) 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779 and James J. Gallagher, II, Partner, Morris James LLP, 500 Delaware Avenue, Suite 1500, Wilmington, DE  19801-1494.  The business address of each of the Officers of the Investment Adviser is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779.  These individuals are also officers of a majority of the Investment Advisers to the investment companies in the Federated Hermes Fund Complex described in Part B of this Registration Statement.
The Officers of the Investment Adviser are:
Chairman: J. Christopher Donahue
President/ Chief Executive Officer: John B. Fisher
Executive Vice Presidents:

Deborah A. Cunningham

Anne H. Kruczek

Robert J. Ostrowski

Timothy G. Trebilcock

Senior Vice Presidents:

Todd Abraham

Jonathan C. Conley

Mark E. Durbiano

Donald T. Ellenberger

Eamonn G. Folan

Richard J. Gallo

John T. Gentry

Michael R. Granito

Lori A. Hensler

Susan R. Hill

William R. Jamison

Jeffrey A. Kozemchak

Tracey L. Lusk

Judith J. Mackin

Marian R. Marinack

Christopher P. McGinley

Mary Jo Ochson

Ihab Salib

Michael W. Sirianni, Jr.

Nicholas S. Tripodes

Steven J. Wagner

Paige Wilhelm

 

Vice Presidents:

John Badeer

Patrick D. Benacci

Christopher S. Bodamer

G. Andrew Bonnewell

Hanan Callas

David B. Catalane, Jr.

Nicholas S. Cecchini

James Chelmu

Leslie Ciferno

Jerome Conner

Lee R. Cunningham, II

Gregory Czamara, V

B. Anthony Delserone, Jr.

Jason DeVito

Bryan Dingle

Ann Ferentino

Kevin M. Fitzpatrick

Timothy P. Gannon

Kathryn P. Glass

James L. Grant

Nathan H. Kehm

Allen J. Knizner

Karen Manna

Daniel James Mastalski

Robert J. Matthews

Karl Mocharko

Joseph M. Natoli

Nicholas Navari

Gene Neavin

Bob Nolte

Liam O’Connell

Bradley S. Payne

John Polinski

Braden Rotberg

Brian Ruffner

Thomas C. Scherr

John Scullion

John Sidawi

Paul Smith

Peter Snook

Kyle Stewart

Randal Stuckwish

Mary Ellen Tesla

Frank Tetlow

James Damen Thompson

Anthony A. Venturino

Mark Weiss

George B. Wright

Christopher Wu

 

Assistant Vice Presidents:

Patrick B. Cooper

Quincy Hershey

Christopher F. Hopkins

Jeff J. Ignelzi

Bennett L. Lo

Natasha Nunez

Steven J. Slanika

Tyler R. Stenger

Patrick O. Watson

Michael S. Wilson

John E. Wyda

 

Secretary: G. Andrew Bonnewell
Assistant Secretaries:

Edward C. Bartley

Jonathan M. Lushko

George F. Magera

 

Treasurer: Thomas R. Donahue
Assistant Treasurers: Jeremy D. Boughton
Richard A. Novak
Chief Compliance Officer: Stephen Van Meter

 

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Sub-Adviser
(Federated Hermes (UK) LLP):
For a description of the other business of the Investment Sub-Adviser, see the section entitled “Management of the Fund” in Part A. The affiliation with the Registrant of five of the Officers of the Investment Sub-Adviser is included in Part B of this Registration Statement under “Management of the Fund.”  The Trustees of the Investment Sub-Adviser and, in parentheses, their principal occupations are:  Gordon J. Ceresino, (President, Federated International Management Limited; executive director for international distribution); and Gregory P. Dulski, (Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Hermes, Inc.).  The business address of the Trustees is 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779.  The business address of the Officers of the Investment Adviser is noted below.
The Officers of the Investment Sub-Adviser are:
President/ Chief Executive Officer: Gordon J. Ceresino1
Senior Vice President:

Deborah A. Cunningham 1

Dennis Gepp3

Robert Ostrowski1

Vice Presidents: Patrick Bayliss3
Gregory P. Dulski1
Mohammed Hassan Elmi3
Christopher McGinley1
Gary Skedge3
Robert J. Wagner2
Assistant Vice President: Ketan Shah3
Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer: Dennis Gepp3
Chief Operating Officer: Judith Benson3
Chief Compliance Officer: Stephen Van Meter1
Treasurer: Richard A. Novak1
Assistant Treasurer: Jeremy D. Boughton1

1 1001 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222
2 4000 Ericsson Dr., Warrendale, PA 15086
3 150 Cheapside, London, EC2V 6ET, England

 

Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records:

All accounts and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rules 31a-1 through 31a-3 promulgated thereunder are maintained at one of the following locations:

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

(Registrant)

Federated Hermes Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561

(Notices should be sent to the Agent for Service at the address listed on the facing page of this filing)

Federated Administrative Services
(Administrator)
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA  15222-3779

Federated Securities Corp.

(Distributor)

 

1001 Liberty Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779

Federated Investment Management Company

(Adviser)

1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA  15222-3779
Federated Hermes (UK) LLP
(Sub-Adviser)
150 Cheapside
London EC2V 6ET
England

Federated Advisory Services Company

(Adviser)

1001 Liberty Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779

SS&C GIDS, Inc.

(Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent)

1055 Broadway
Kansas City, MO 64105

State Street Bank and Trust Company

(Custodian)

P.O. Box 219221
Kansas City, MO 64121-9221

 

Item 33. Management Services: Not applicable.

 

Item 34. Undertakings:

1.                   An undertaking to suspend the offering of shares until the prospectus is amended if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

2.       Not applicable.

3.       The Registrant undertakes:

(a)       To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement:

(1)       to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(2)       to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(3)       to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(b)       That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c)       To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(d)       That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, (1) if the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B: (A) Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and (B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or (2) if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(e)       That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:

(1)       any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act;

(2)       free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by our on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrants;

(3)       the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and

(4)       any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

4.       Not applicable.

5.       Not applicable.

6.       Not applicable.

7.       The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of an oral or written request, its prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.

 

 

 
 

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant, FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND, has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Pittsburgh and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 13th day of November, 2023.

FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND

BY: /s/ George F. Magera

George F. Magera, Assistant Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacity and on the date indicated:

 

NAME TITLE DATE

 

BY: /s/ George F. Magera

George F. Magera, Assistant Secretary

 

Attorney In Fact For the Persons Listed Below

 

November 13, 2023

J. Christopher Donahue*

 

President and Trustee (Principal Executive Officer)  
Thomas R. Donahue* Trustee  
Lori A. Hensler* Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer/Principal Accounting Officer)  
John T. Collins* Trustee  
G. Thomas Hough* Trustee  
Maureen Lally-Green* Trustee  
Thomas M. O’Neill* Trustee  
Madelyn A. Reilly* Trustee  
P. Jerome Richey* Trustee  
John S. Walsh* Trustee  
*By Power of Attorney    

 

 
 

 

Exhibit List

(j) Conformed copy of Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement dated March 1, 2017 by and between State Street Bank and Trust Company and the Registrant, including Appendix A, revised as of September 1, 2023

(l) Conformed copy of Opinion and Consent of K&L Gates LLP

(n) Conformed copy of Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

(s) Copy of the Registrant’s Calculation of Filing Fee Tables (Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities)

 

Exhibit 25(2)(j) under Form N-2

 

 

 

Execution Copy

 

Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement

 

This Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement is made as of March 1, 2017 (this “Agreement”), between each management investment company identified on Appendix A and each management investment company which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof (in each case, a “Fund”), including, if applicable, each series of the Fund identified on Appendix A and each series which becomes a party to this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Custodian”). This Agreement amends and restates the Custodian Contract between the Funds and the Custodian dated as of December 1, 1993, as amended.

 

Witnesseth:

 

Whereas, each Fund desires for the Custodian to provide certain custodial services relating to securities and other assets of the Fund; and

 

Whereas, the Custodian is willing to provide the services upon the terms contained in this Agreement;

 

Section 1. Definitions. In addition to terms defined in Section 4.1 (Rule 17f-5 and Rule 17f-7 related definitions) or elsewhere in this Agreement, (a) terms defined in the UCC have the same meanings herein as therein and (b) the following other terms have the following meanings for purposes of this Agreement:

 

1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.

 

Board” means, in relation to a Fund, the board of directors, trustees or other governing body of the Fund.

 

Client Publications” means the general client publications of State Street Bank and Trust Company available from time to time to clients and their investment managers.

 

Deposit Account Agreement” means the Deposit Account Agreement and Disclosure, as may be amended from time to time, issued by the Custodian and available on the Custodian’s internet customer portal, “my.statestreet.com”.

 

Domestic securities” means securities held within the United States.

 

Foreign securities” means securities held primarily outside of the United States.

 

Held outside of the United States” means not held within the United States.

 

Held within the United States” means (a) in relation to a security or other financial asset, the security or other financial asset (i) is a certificated security registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or is endorsed to the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee or in blank and the security certificate is located within the United States, (ii) is an uncertificated security or other financial asset registered in the name of the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee at an office located in the United States, or (iii) has given rise to a security entitlement of which the Custodian or its sub-custodian, agent or nominee is the entitlement holder against a U.S. Securities System or another securities intermediary for which the securities intermediary’s jurisdiction is within the United States, and (b) in relation to cash, the cash is maintained in a deposit account denominated in U.S. dollars with the banking department of the Custodian or with another bank or trust company’s office located in the United States.

 

Investment Advisor” means, in relation to a Portfolio, the investment manager or investment advisor of the Portfolio.

 

On book currency” means (a) U.S. dollars or (b) a foreign currency that, when credited to a deposit account of a customer maintained in the banking department of the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Custodian maintains on its books as an amount owing as a liability by the Custodian to the customer.

 

Portfolio” means (a) in relation to a Fund that is a series organization, a series of the Fund and (b) in relation to a Fund that is not a series organization, the Fund itself.

 

Portfolio Interests” means beneficial interests in a Portfolio.

 

Proper Instructions” means instructions in accordance with Section 9 received by the Custodian from a Fund, the Fund’s Investment Advisor, or an individual or organization duly authorized by the Fund or the Investment Advisor. The term includes standing instructions.

 

SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Series organization” means an organization that, pursuant to the statute under which the organization is organized, has the following characteristics: (a) the organic record of the organization provides for creation by the organization of one or more series (however denominated) with respect to specified property of the organization, and provides for records to be maintained for each series that identify the property of or associated with the series, (b) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities of, or property of or associated with a particular series is enforceable against the property of or associated with the series only, and not against the property of or associated with the organization or of other series of the organization, and (c) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities or property of the organization is enforceable against the property of the organization only, and not against the property of or associated with any series of the organization.

 

UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as in effect from time to time.

 

Underlying Portfolios” means a group of investment companies as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act.

 

Underlying Shares” means shares or other securities, issued by a U.S. issuer, of Underlying Portfolios and other registered “investment companies” (as defined in Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act), whether or not in the same “group of investment companies” (as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act).

 

Underlying Transfer Agent” means State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other organization which may from time to time be appointed by the Fund to act as a transfer agent for the Underlying Portfolios and with respect to which the Custodian is provided with Proper Instructions.

 

U.S. Securities System” means a securities depository or book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or a “clearing corporation” as defined in Section 8-102 of the UCC.

 

Section 2. Employment of Custodian.

 

Section 2.1 General. Each Fund hereby employs the Custodian as a custodian of (a) securities and cash of each of the Portfolios and (b) other assets of each of the Portfolios that the Custodian agrees to treat as financial assets. Each Fund, on behalf of each of its Portfolios, agrees to deliver to the Custodian (i) all securities and cash of the Portfolios, (ii) all other assets of each Portfolio that the Fund desires the Custodian, and the Custodian is willing, to treat as a financial asset and (iii) all cash and other proceeds of the securities and financial assets held in custody under this Agreement. The holding of confirmation statements that identify Underlying Shares as being recorded in the Custodian’s name on behalf of the Portfolios will be custody for purposes of this Section 2.1. This Agreement does not require the Custodian to accept an asset for custody hereunder or to treat any asset that is not a security as a financial asset if such acceptance or treatment is inconsistent with applicable law and/or internal policies and procedures of the Custodian .

 

Section 2.2 Sub-custodians. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall on behalf of a Fund appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities located in the United States and designated in the Proper Instructions to act as a sub-custodian for the purposes of effecting such transactions as may be designated by the Fund in the Proper Instructions. The Custodian may place and maintain each Fund’s foreign securities with foreign banking institution sub-custodians employed by the Custodian or foreign securities depositories, all in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 4 and 5. An entity acting in the capacity of Underlying Transfer Agent is not an agent or sub-custodian of the Custodian for purposes of this Agreement.

 

Section 2.3 Relationship. With respect to securities and other financial assets, the Custodian is a securities intermediary and the Portfolio is the entitlement holder. With respect to cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is a bank and the Portfolio is the bank’s customer. If cash is maintained in a deposit account with a bank other than the Custodian and the cash is denominated in an “on book” currency, the Custodian is that bank’s customer. The Custodian agrees to treat the claim to the cash as a financial asset for the benefit of the Portfolio. The Custodian does not otherwise agree to treat cash as a financial asset. The duties of the Custodian as securities intermediary and bank set forth in the UCC are varied by the terms of this Agreement to the extent that the duties may be varied by agreement under the UCC.

 

Section 3. Activities of the Custodian with Respect to Property Held in the United States.

 

Section 3.1 Holding Securities. The Custodian may deposit and maintain securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio in a U.S. Securities System in compliance with the conditions of Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of the Portfolio and into which account or accounts may be transferred cash or securities and other financial assets, including securities and financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System. The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Portfolio all securities and other financial assets held by the Custodian in the United States, including all domestic securities of the Portfolio, other than (a) securities or other financial assets maintained in a U.S. Securities System and (b) Underlying Shares maintained pursuant to Section 3.6 in an account of an Underlying Transfer Agent. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint any other bank or trust company, qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian, as the Custodian’s agent to carry out such of the provisions of this Section as the Custodian may from time to time direct, provided, however, that prior to such appointment on behalf of a Portfolio the Custodian must first provide the Fund with written notice of such appointment. The appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its duties, responsibilities or liabilities, including the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion remove the bank or trust company as the Custodian’s agent.

 

Section 3.2 Registration of Securities. Domestic securities or other financial assets held by the Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio or of any nominee of the Custodian, or in the name or nominee name of any agent or any sub-custodian permitted hereby. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement shall be in “street name” or other good delivery form. However, if a Fund directs the Custodian to maintain securities or other financial assets in “street name,” the Custodian shall utilize reasonable efforts only to timely collect income due the Fund on the securities and other financial assets and to notify the Fund of relevant issuer actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.

 

Section 3.3 Bank Accounts. The Custodian shall open and maintain upon the terms of the Deposit Account Agreement a separate deposit account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Portfolio, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Custodian shall credit to the deposit account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by the Custodian from or for the account of the Portfolio, other than cash maintained by the Portfolio in a deposit account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the 1940 Act. Funds held by the Custodian for a Portfolio may be deposited by the Custodian to its credit as Custodian in the banking department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that (a) every such bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the 1940 Act and (b) each such bank or trust company and the funds to be deposited with each such bank or trust company shall on behalf of each applicable Portfolio of a Fund be approved by vote of a majority of the Fund’s Board. The funds shall be deposited by the Custodian in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.

 

Section 3.4 Collection of Income. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to the securities and other financial assets and to which a Portfolio shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business. The Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to bearer domestic securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, the securities are held by the Custodian or its agent. The Custodian shall present for payment all income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities and other financial assets held hereunder. The Custodian shall credit income to the Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited.

 

Section 3.5 Delivery Out. The Custodian shall release and deliver out domestic securities and other financial assets of a Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System, or in an account at the Underlying Transfer Agent, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the domestic securities or financial assets held in the United States to be delivered out and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out cash of a Portfolio upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to whom the payment is to be made.

 

Section 3.6 Deposit of Fund Assets with the Underlying Transfer Agent. Underlying Shares of a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, shall be deposited and held in an account or accounts maintained with an Underlying Transfer Agent. Each Portfolio hereby directs the Custodian to deposit and/or maintain such securities with the Underlying Transfer Agent, subject to the following provisions:

 

1)                  Upon receipt of a confirmation or statement from an Underlying Transfer Agent that the Underlying Transfer Agent is holding or maintaining Underlying Shares in the name of the Custodian (or a nominee of the Custodian) for the benefit of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall identify by book-entry that the Underlying Shares are being held by it as custodian for the benefit of the Portfolio.

 

2)                  Upon receipt of Proper Instructions to purchase Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall pay out cash of the Portfolio as so directed to purchase the Underlying Shares and record the payment from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

 

3)                  Upon receipt of Proper Instructions for the sale or redemption of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall transfer the Underlying Shares as so directed to sell or redeem the Underlying Shares, record the transfer from the account of the Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records and, upon the Custodian’s receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption, record the receipt of the proceeds for the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

 

4)                  The Custodian shall not be liable to any Fund or any Portfolio for any loss or damage to any Fund or any Portfolio resulting from maintenance of Underlying Shares with Underlying Transfer Agent provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1.

 

Section 3.7 Proxies. The Custodian shall cause to be promptly executed by the registered holder of domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States of a Portfolio, if the securities or other financial assets are registered otherwise than in the name of the Portfolio or a nominee of the Portfolio, all proxies, without indication of the manner in which the proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund or its delegates such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to the securities or other financial assets.

 

Section 3.8 Communications. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 3.2, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets being held for the Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates all written information (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of securities and expiration of rights in connection therewith, notices of exercise of call and put options written by the Fund, and the maturity of futures contracts purchased or sold by the Fund) received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets whose tender or exchange is sought and from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the applicable Fund or its delegates for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to Portfolio securities or other financial assets issued in the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian to the Fund or its delegates.

 

Section 4. Provisions Relating to Rules 17f-5 and 17f-7.

 

Section 4.1. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

 

Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country. The factors include but are not limited to risks arising from the country’s political environment, economic and financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country); prevailing or developing custody, tax and settlement practices; nationalization, expropriation or other government actions; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.

 

Covered Foreign Country” means a country listed on Schedule A, which list of countries may be amended from time to time at the request of any Fund and with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager.

 

Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in Section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5.

 

Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

 

Foreign Assets” means, in relation to a Portfolio, any of the Portfolio’s securities or other investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States, and any cash and cash equivalents that are reasonably necessary to effect transactions of the Portfolio in those investments.

 

Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.

 

Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B.

 

Rule 17f-5” means Rule 17f-5 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

 

Rule 17f-7” means Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

 

 

 

Section 4.2. The Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager.

 

4.2.1       Delegation. Each Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board, hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 4.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States. The Custodian hereby accepts such delegation. By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Fund, the Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of the delegated responsibilities generally or with respect to a Covered Foreign Country designated in the notice. Following the withdrawal, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund generally or, as the case may be, with respect to the Covered Foreign Country so designated.

 

4.2.2       Exercise of Care as Foreign Custody Manager. In performing the responsibilities delegated to it, the Foreign Custody Manager shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of the Foreign Assets would exercise.

 

4.2.3       Foreign Custody Arrangements. The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities only with respect to Covered Foreign Countries. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A for a Covered Foreign Country each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the Foreign Assets of the Portfolios with respect to the Covered Foreign Country. The list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended from time to time upon notice in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. This Agreement constitutes a Proper Instruction by a Fund, on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, to open an account, and to place and maintain Foreign Assets, for the Portfolio in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Fund, on behalf of the Portfolios, shall satisfy the account opening requirements for the Covered Foreign Country, and the delegation with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country will not be considered to have been accepted by the Custodian until that satisfaction. If the Foreign Custody Manager receives from the Fund Proper Instructions directing the Foreign Custody Manager to close the account, the delegation shall be considered withdrawn, and the Custodian shall immediately cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolio for the Covered Foreign Country.

 

4.2.4        Scope of Delegated Responsibilities: Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain Foreign Assets in the care of an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in each applicable Covered Foreign Country. The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that (a) the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Foreign Assets will be held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1) and (b) the contract between the Foreign Custody Manager and the Eligible Foreign Custodian governing the foreign custody arrangements will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2). The Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with the Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) the performance of the contract governing the custody arrangements. If the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall so notify the Fund.

 

4.2.5       Reporting Requirements. The Foreign Custody Manager shall (a) report the withdrawal of Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by providing to the Fund’s Board an amended Schedule A at the end of the calendar quarter in which the action has occurred, and (b) after the occurrence of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 4.2, make a written report to the Board containing a notification of the change.

 

4.2.6       Representations. The Foreign Custody Manager represents to each Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in Section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. Each Fund represents to the Custodian that its Board has (a) determined that it is reasonable for the Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Agreement to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios and (b) considered and determined to accept such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets of each Portfolio in each Covered Foreign Country.

 

4.2.7       Termination by a Portfolio of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager. By giving at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the Custodian, a Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, may terminate the delegation to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager for the Portfolio. Following the termination, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Portfolio.

 

Section 4.3 Monitoring of Eligible Securities Depositories. The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fund or its Investment Advisor with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7 and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis and promptly notify the Fund or its Investment Advisor of any material change in such risks, in accordance with Section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.

 

Section 5. Activities of the Custodian with Respect to Property Held Outside the United States.

 

Section 5.1. Holding Securities. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a Covered Foreign Country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian, as applicable, in the Covered Foreign Country. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Portfolios the foreign securities and other financial assets held by each Eligible Foreign Custodian or Foreign Securities System. The Custodian may hold foreign securities and other financial assets for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Eligible Foreign Custodian in an account that is identified as the Custodian’s account for the benefit of its customers; provided however, that (a) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio maintained in the account shall identify those securities and other financial assets as belonging to the Portfolio and (b) to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities and other financial assets so held by the Eligible Foreign Custodian be held separately from any assets of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or of other customers of the Eligible Foreign Custodian.

 

Section 5.2. Registration of Foreign Securities. Foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States maintained in the custody of an Eligible Foreign Custodian and that are not bearer securities shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Eligible Foreign Custodian or in the name of any nominee of any of the foregoing. To the extent applicable, the Custodian and each Eligible Foreign Custodian shall establish and maintain current powers-of-attorney with respect to such foreign securities and other financial assets held outside of the United States to facilitate the voting of all proxies, without indication of the manner in which the proxies are to be voted, and shall promptly deliver to the Fund or its delegates such proxies, all proxy soliciting materials and all notices relating to the securities or other financial assets. The Fund on behalf of the Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of the foreign securities or other financial assets. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian reserves the right not to accept securities or other financial assets on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement unless the form of the securities or other financial assets and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with local market practice.

 

Section 5.3. Indemnification by Eligible Foreign Custodians. Each contract pursuant to which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall, to the extent possible, require the Eligible Foreign Custodian to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties and to indemnify and hold harmless the Custodian from and against any loss, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the Eligible Foreign Custodian’s performance of its obligations. At a Fund’s election, a Portfolio shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against an Eligible Foreign Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, cost or expense if and to the extent that the Portfolio has not been made whole for the loss, cost or expense. In no event shall the Custodian be obligated to bring suit in its own name or to allow suit to be brought in its name.

 

Section 5.4 Bank Accounts.

 

5.4.1       General. The Custodian shall identify on its books as for the account of the applicable Portfolio the amount of cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. The Custodian shall maintain cash deposits in on book currencies on its balance sheet. The Custodian shall be liable for such balances. If the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not facilitate the maintenance for the Portfolio of a cash balance in a currency as an on book currency, a deposit account shall be opened and maintained by the Custodian outside the United States on behalf of the Portfolio with an Eligible Foreign Custodian. The Custodian shall not maintain the cash deposit on its balance sheet. The Eligible Foreign Custodian will be liable for such balance directly to the Portfolio. All deposit accounts referred to in this Section shall be subject only to draft or order by the Custodian or, if applicable, the Eligible Foreign Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian or the Eligible Foreign Custodian only in that capacity. Cash maintained in a deposit account and denominated in an “on book” currency will be maintained under and subject to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Custodian will not have any deposit liability for deposits in any currency that is not an “on book” currency, provided, however, that Custodian shall remain liable for the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian in accordance with Section 14.4.

 

5.4.2       Non-U.S. Branch and Non-U.S. Dollar Deposits. In accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Custodian shall not be required to repay any deposit made at a non-U.S. branch of the Custodian or any deposit made with the Custodian and denominated in a non-U.S. dollar currency, if repayment of the deposit or the use of assets denominated in the non-U.S. dollar currency is prevented, prohibited or otherwise blocked due to (a) an act of war, insurrection or civil strife; (b) any action by a non-U.S. government or instrumentality or authority asserting governmental, military or police power of any kind, whether such authority be recognized as a de facto or a de jure government, or by any entity, political or revolutionary movement or otherwise that usurps, supervenes or otherwise materially impairs the normal operation of civil authority; or (c) the closure of a non-U.S. branch in order to prevent, in the reasonable judgment of the Custodian, harm to the employees or property of the Custodian.

 

Section 5.5. Collection of Income. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which a Portfolio shall be entitled. If extraordinary measures are required to collect the income or payment, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures. The Custodian shall credit income to the applicable Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. Any credit to the Portfolio in advance of receipt may be reversed when the Custodian determines that payment will not occur in due course, and the Portfolio may be charged at the Custodian’s applicable rate for time credited. Income on securities or other financial assets loaned other than from the Custodian’s securities lending program shall be credited as received.

 

Section 5.6. Transactions in Foreign Custody Account.

 

5.6.1       Delivery Out. The Custodian or an Eligible Foreign Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities or other financial assets held outside of the United States owned by a Portfolio and held by the Custodian or such Eligible Foreign Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, specifying the foreign securities to be delivered and the person or persons to whom delivery is to be made. The Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Eligible Foreign Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, cash of a Portfolio only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying the amount of the payment and the person or persons to whom the payment is to be made.

 

5.6.2       Market Conditions. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of the Portfolios and delivery of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of the Portfolios may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for the Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer.

 

5.6.3       Settlement Practices. The Custodian shall provide to each Board the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs an Eligible Foreign Custodian described on Schedule C at the time or times set forth on the Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, but no revision shall result in a Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided on Schedule C.

 

Section 5.7 Shareholder or Bondholder Rights. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder and bondholder rights with respect to foreign securities and other financial assets held outside the United States, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where the securities or other financial assets are issued. The Custodian may utilize Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. or another proxy service firm of recognized standing as its delegate to provide proxy services for the exercise of shareholder and bondholder rights. Local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of a Fund to exercise shareholder and bondholder rights.

 

Section 5.8. Communications. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities and other financial assets being held outside the United States for the account of a Portfolio. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of foreign securities whose tender or exchange is sought or from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian through Eligible Foreign Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside of the United States and being held for the account of the Portfolio regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to the Portfolio’s foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian via an Eligible Foreign Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. The Custodian does not support class-action participation by a Fund beyond such forwarding of written information received by the Custodian.

 

Section 6. Foreign Exchange.

 

Section 6.1. Generally. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which for purposes of this Section may also include security trade advices, the Custodian shall facilitate the processing and settlement of foreign exchange transactions. Such foreign exchange transactions do not constitute part of the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement.

 

Section 6.2. Fund Elections. Each Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) may elect to enter into and execute foreign exchange transactions with third parties that are not affiliated with the Custodian, with State Street Global Markets, which is the foreign exchange division of State Street Bank and Trust Company and its affiliated companies (“SSGM”), or with a sub-custodian. Where the Fund or its Investment Advisor gives Proper Instructions for the execution of a foreign exchange transaction using an indirect foreign exchange service described in the Client Publications, the Fund (or its Investment Advisor) instructs the Custodian, on behalf of the Fund, to direct the execution of such foreign exchange transaction to SSGM or, when the relevant currency is not traded by SSGM, to the applicable sub-custodian. The Custodian shall not have any agency (except as contemplated in preceding sentence), trust or fiduciary obligation to the Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other person in connection with the execution of any foreign exchange transaction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility under this Agreement for the selection of the counterparty to, or the method of execution of, any foreign exchange transaction entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) or the reasonableness of the execution rate on any such transaction.

Section 6.3. Fund Acknowledgement Each Fund acknowledges that in connection with all foreign exchange transactions entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) with SSGM or any sub-custodian, SSGM and each such sub-custodian:

 

(i)              shall be acting in a principal capacity and not as broker, agent or fiduciary to the Fund or its Investment Advisor;

 

(ii)           shall seek to profit from such foreign exchange transactions, and are entitled to retain and not disclose any such profit to the Fund or its Investment Advisor; and

 

(iii)            shall enter into such foreign exchange transactions pursuant to the terms and conditions, including pricing or pricing methodology, (a) agreed with the Fund or its Investment Advisor from time to time or (b) in the case of an indirect foreign exchange service, (i) as established by SSGM and set forth in the Client Publications with respect to the particular foreign exchange execution services selected by the Fund or the Investment Advisor or (ii) as established by the sub-custodian from time to time.

 

Section 6.4. Transactions by State Street. The Custodian or its affiliates, including SSGM, may trade based upon information that is not available to the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf), and may enter into transactions for its own account or the account of clients in the same or opposite direction to the transactions entered into with the Fund (or its Investment Manager), and shall have no obligation, under this Agreement, to share such information with or consider the interests of their respective counterparties, including, where applicable, the Fund or the Investment Advisor.

 

Section 6A. Contractual Settlement Services (Purchase/Sales).

 

Section 6A.1 General. The Custodian shall, in accordance with the terms set out in this Section 6A, debit or credit the appropriate deposit account of each Portfolio on a contractual settlement basis in connection with the purchase of securities or other financial assets for the Portfolio or the receipt of the proceeds of the sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets.

 

Section 6A.2 Provision of Services. The services described in Section 6A.1 (the “Contractual Settlement Services”) shall be provided for the securities and other financial assets and in such markets as the Custodian may advise from time to time. The Custodian may terminate or suspend any part of the provision of the Contractual Settlement Services at its sole discretion immediately upon notice to the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio, including, without limitation, in the event of force majeure events affecting settlement, any disorder in markets, or other changed external business circumstances affecting the markets or the Fund.

 

 

Section 6A.3 Purchase Consideration. The consideration payable in connection with a purchase transaction shall be debited from the appropriate deposit account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that funds would ordinarily be required to settle the transaction in the applicable market. The Custodian shall promptly recredit the amount at the time that the Portfolio or the Fund notifies the Custodian by Proper Instruction that the transaction has been canceled.

 

Section 6A.4 Sales and Redemptions. A provisional credit of an amount equal to the net sale price for a sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets shall be made to the account of the Portfolio as if the amount had been received as of the close of business on the date on which good funds would ordinarily be immediately available in the applicable market. The provisional credit will be made conditional upon the Custodian having received Proper Instructions with respect to, or reasonable notice of, the transaction, as applicable; and the Custodian or its agent having possession of the securities of other financial assets (excluding financial assets subject to any third party lending arrangement entered into by a Portfolio) associated with the transaction in good deliverable form and not being aware of any facts which would lead the Custodian or its agent to believe that the transaction will not settle in the time period ordinarily applicable to such transactions in the applicable market.

 

Section 6A.5 Reversals of Provisional Credits or Debits. The Custodian shall have the right to reverse any provisional credit or debit given in connection with the Contractual Settlement Services at any time when the Custodian believes, in its reasonable judgment, that such transaction will not settle in accordance with its terms or amounts due pursuant thereto, will not be collectable or where the Custodian has not been provided Proper Instructions with respect thereto, as applicable. The Portfolio shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Upon such reversal, a sum equal to the credited or debited amount shall become immediately payable by the Portfolio to the Custodian and may be debited from any deposit or other account held for benefit of the Portfolio.

 

Section 7. Tax Services.

 

Section 7.1 General. Subject to and to the extent of receipt by the Custodian of relevant and necessary documentation and information with respect to the Portfolios that the Custodian has requested, the Custodian shall perform the following services: (a) file claims for exemptions, reductions in withholding taxes, or refunds of any tax with respect to withheld foreign (non-U.S.) taxes in instances in which such claims are appropriate; (b) withhold appropriate amounts as required by U.S. tax laws with respect to amounts received on behalf of nonresident aliens; and (c) provide to the Portfolios such information actually received by the Custodian that is reasonably requested by the Fund or could, in the Custodian’s reasonable belief, assist any of the Portfolios in their submission of any reports or returns with respect to taxes. It shall be the responsibility of each Portfolio to notify the Custodian of the obligations imposed on the Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian by the tax law of countries, states and political subdivisions thereof, including responsibility for withholding and other taxes, assessments or other governmental charges, certifications and governmental reporting. The sole responsibility of the Custodian with regard to such tax law shall be to use reasonable efforts to assist the Portfolio with respect to any claim for exemption or refund under the tax law of countries for which the Portfolio has provided sufficient information and documentation.

 

Section 7.2 Ownership Certificates for Tax Purposes. The Custodian shall execute ownership and other certificates and affidavits for all federal and state tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to domestic securities or other financial assets held within the United States of each Portfolio held by the Custodian and in connection with transfers of securities and other financial assets.

 

Section 7.3 Authorizations. The Custodian is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to the account of a Portfolio any taxes or levies required by any tax or other governmental authority having jurisdiction in respect of such Portfolio’s transactions and to disclose any information required by any such tax or other governmental authority in relation to processing any claim for exemption from or reduction or refund of any taxes relating to Portfolio transactions and holdings.

 

Section 7.4 Services Further Limited. Other than the servicing responsibilities provided herein, the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any obligations now or hereafter imposed on any Fund, any Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian of the assets of the Fund or the Portfolio by the tax law of any country or of any state or political subdivision thereof. The Custodian shall not be considered the Fund’s tax advisor or tax counsel.

 

Section 8. Payments for Sales or Redemptions of Portfolio Interests.

 

Section 8.1 Payment for Portfolio Interests Issued. The Custodian shall receive from the distributor of Portfolio Interests of a Fund or from the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) and deposit into the account of the Portfolio such payments as are received for Portfolio Interests issued or sold from time to time by the Fund. The Custodian will provide timely notification to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the Transfer Agent of any receipt of the payments by the Custodian.

 

Section 8.2 Payment for Portfolio Interests Redeemed. Upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, the Custodian shall set aside funds of a Portfolio to the extent available for payment to holders of Portfolio Interests who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption of their Portfolio Interests. The Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, if any, or from the Portfolio, to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming interest holders. If the Custodian furnishes a check to a holder in payment for the redemption of the holder’s Portfolio Interests and the check is drawn on the Custodian, the Custodian shall honor the check so long as the check is presented to the Custodian in accordance with the Deposit Account Agreement and such procedures and controls as are mutually agreed upon from time to time between the Fund and the Custodian.

 

Section 9. Proper Instructions.

 

Section 9. 1 Form and Security Procedures. Proper Instructions may be in writing signed by the authorized individual or individuals or may be in a tested communication or in a communication utilizing access codes effected between electro-mechanical or electronic devices or may be by such other means and utilizing such intermediary systems and utilities as may be agreed to from time to time by the Custodian and the individual or organization giving the instruction, provided that the Fund has followed any security procedures agreed to from time to time by the applicable Fund and the Custodian including, but not limited to, the security procedures selected by the Fund. The Custodian may agree to accept oral instructions, and in such case oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions. The Fund shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing, but the Fund’s failure to do so shall not affect the Custodian’s authority to rely on the oral instructions, if the Custodian reasonably believes the oral instructions have been given by an individual authorized to give such instructions with respect to the transaction involved.

 

Section 9.2 Reliance on Officer’s Certificate. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and from time to time thereafter, as appropriate, each Fund shall deliver to the Custodian an officer’s certificate setting forth the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all individuals authorized to give Proper Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund. The certificate may be accepted and conclusively relied upon by the Custodian and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of a similar certificate to the contrary and the Custodian has had a reasonable time to act thereon.

 

Section 9.3 Untimely Proper Instructions. If the Custodian is not provided with reasonable time to execute a Proper Instruction (including any Proper Instruction not to execute, or any other modification to, a prior Proper Instruction), the Custodian will use good faith efforts to execute the Proper Instruction but, provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1, will not be responsible or liable if the Custodian’s efforts are not successful (including any inability to change any actions that the Custodian had taken pursuant to the prior Proper Instruction). The inclusion of a statement of purpose or intent (or any similar notation) in a Proper Instruction shall not impose any additional obligations on the Custodian or condition or qualify its authority to effect the Proper Instruction. The Custodian will not assume a duty to ensure that the stated purpose or intent is fulfilled and will have no responsibility or liability when it follows the Proper Instruction without regard to such purpose or intent; provided, however, the Custodian will use good faith efforts when it follows such Proper Instruction, taking into account past practices (including with respect to resolution of issues and responsibility).

 

Section 10. Actions Permitted without Express Authority.

 

The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio:

 

1) Make payments to itself or others for minor expenses of handling securities or other financial assets relating to its duties under this Agreement; provided that all such payments shall be accounted for to the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio and the Fund shall have the opportunity to review such payments and the parties shall use good faith efforts to resolve any dispute with respect to such payments;

2) Surrender securities or other financial assets in temporary form for securities or other financial assets in definitive form;

 

3) Endorse for collection, in the name of the Portfolio, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and

 

4) In general, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio except as otherwise directed by the applicable Board.

 

Section 11. Reserved.

 

Section 12. Records.

 

The Custodian shall with respect to each Portfolio create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of each Fund under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of the Fund and employees and agents of the SEC or other regulators with jurisdiction over the Funds with respect to the Portfolios. The Custodian shall, at the Fund’s request, supply the Fund with a tabulation of securities owned by each Portfolio and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Fund and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Fund and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations. In the event that the Custodian is requested or authorized by a Fund, or required by subpoena, administrative order, court order or other legal process, applicable law or regulation, or required in connection with any investigation, examination or inspection of the Fund by state or federal regulatory agencies, to produce the records of the Fund or the Custodian’s personnel as witnesses, the Fund will pay the Custodian for the Custodian’s time and expenses incurred in responding to a non-routine request, order or requirement as reasonably agreed by the Fund and the Custodian, taking into account past practices.

 

Section 13. Fund’s Independent Accountants; Reports.

 

Section 13.1 Opinions. The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as a Fund with respect to a Portfolio may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Fund’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s Form N-1A or Form N-2, as applicable, and Form N-CEN or other monthly or annual reports to the SEC and with respect to any other requirements thereof.

 

Section 13.2 Reports. Upon reasonable request of a Fund, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with a copy of the Custodian’s Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT section 801, Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization (formerly Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 16). The Custodian shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the Fund with such reports as the Fund may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements.

 

Section 14. Custodian’s Standard of Care; Exculpation.

 

14.1       Standard of Care. In carrying out the provisions of this Agreement, the Custodian shall act in good faith and without negligence, misfeasance or willful misconduct and shall be held to the exercise of reasonable care; provided, however, that the Custodian shall be held to any higher standard of care which would be imposed upon the Custodian by any applicable law or regulation, as if such above-stated higher standard of reasonable care were part of this Agreement.

 

14.2       Reliance on Proper Instructions. The Custodian shall be entitled conclusively to rely and act upon Proper Instructions until the Custodian has received notice of any change from the Fund and has had a reasonable time to act thereon. The Custodian may act on a Proper Instruction if it reasonably believes that it contains sufficient information and may refrain from acting on any Proper Instructions until such time that it has reasonably determined, in its sole discretion, that is has received any required clarification or authentication of Proper Instructions. The Custodian may rely upon and shall be protected in acting upon any Proper Instruction or any other instruction, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund.

 

14.3       Other Reliance. The Custodian is authorized and instructed to reasonably rely upon the information that the Custodian receives from the Fund or any authorized third party on behalf of the Fund. The Custodian shall have no responsibility to review, confirm or otherwise assume any duty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any information supplied to it by or on behalf of any Fund. The Custodian shall have no liability in respect of any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by the Fund arising from the performance of the Custodian’s duties hereunder in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Fund by any individual or organization, other than the Custodian, prior to the Custodian’s appointment as custodian hereunder. The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonably rely on and may act upon advice of counsel (who may be counsel for the Fund) on all matters and shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice, provided that the Custodian meets the standard of care set forth in Section 14.1.

 

14.4       Liability for Foreign Custodians. The Custodian shall be liable for the acts or omissions of an Eligible Foreign Custodian to the same extent as if the action or omission were performed by the Custodian itself, taking into account the facts and circumstances and the established local market practices and laws prevailing in the particular jurisdiction in which the Fund or Portfolio elects to invest.

 

14.5       Insolvency and Country Risk. The Custodian shall in no event be liable for any loss, cost or expense incurred or sustained by a Fund or Portfolio resulting from or caused by Country Risk. The Custodian shall be without liability for any loss, damage or expense caused by or resulting from the insolvency of any domestic sub-custodian or Eligible Foreign Custodian that is not a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Custodian; provided, however, that the foregoing exculpation of the Custodian with respect to the insolvency of a particular Eligible Foreign Custodian shall not be applicable if the Custodian fails to comply with its obligations under this Agreement or as a Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to Rule 17f-5 with respect to such Eligible Foreign Custodian. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Custodian has met its standard of care hereunder and has fulfilled its obligations as a Foreign Custody Manager pursuant to Rule 17f-5 with respect to an Eligible Foreign Custodian, then the Custodian shall be without liability for any loss, damage or expense caused by or resulting from the insolvency of such Eligible Foreign Custodian.

 

14.6       Force Majeure and Third Party Actions. Except as may arise from the Custodian’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, the Custodian shall be without responsibility or liability to any Fund or Portfolio for: (a) events or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any currency or securities market or system, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, acts of war, revolution, riots or terrorism or other similar force majeure events or acts; (b) errors by any Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other duly authorized person in their instructions to the Custodian; (c) the insolvency of or acts or omissions by a U.S. Securities System, Foreign Securities System, Underlying Transfer Agent or domestic sub-custodian designated pursuant to Section 2.2; (d) the failure of any Fund, its Investment Advisor, Portfolio or any duly authorized individual or organization to adhere to the Custodian’s operational policies and procedures; (e) any delay or failure of any broker, agent, securities intermediary or other intermediary, central bank or other commercially prevalent payment or clearing system to deliver to the Custodian’s sub-custodian or agent securities or other financial assets purchased or in the remittance or payment made in connection with securities or other financial assets sold; (f) any delay or failure of any organization in charge of registering or transferring securities or other financial assets in the name of the Custodian, any Fund, any Portfolio, the Custodian’s sub-custodians, nominees or agents including non-receipt of bonus, dividends and rights and other accretions or benefits; (g) delays or inability to perform its duties due to any disorder in market infrastructure with respect to any particular security, other financial asset, U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System; and (h) the effect of any provision of any law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or any other country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction.

 

14.7       Indirect/Special/Consequential Damages. Notwithstanding Section

15.2 and any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall either party be liable for any indirect, incidental, consequential, special, punitive, exemplary or enhanced damages of any kind or nature whatsoever (including loss of profit goodwill, reputation, business opportunity or anticipated savings, or losses arising from any special circumstances of the other party or any other person) arising under this Agreement or under law or otherwise in connection with or in any way related to this Agreement or the subject matter hereof (including the provision of the services, and the performance, non-performance or breach of any obligation or duty owed by a party) whether or not such party (including each party’s relevant affiliates) has been advised of, or otherwise might or should have anticipated, the possibility or likelihood of such damages. The limitations of liability set forth in this Section 14.7 shall apply regardless of the form or type of action in which a claim is brought or under which it is made, whether in contract, tort (including negligence of any kind), warranty, strict liability, indemnity or any other legal or equitable grounds, and shall survive failure of an exclusive remedy.

 

14.8       Delivery of Property. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any securities or other assets of a Portfolio which are not received by the Custodian or which are delivered out in accordance with Proper Instructions. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any securities or other assets or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement.

 

14.9       No Investment Advice. The Custodian has no responsibility to monitor or oversee the investment activity undertaken by a Fund or its Investment Advisor or by a Portfolio. The Custodian has no duty to ensure or to inquire whether an Investment Advisor complies with any investment objectives or restrictions agreed upon between a Fund and the Investment Advisor or whether the Investment Advisor complies with its legal obligations under applicable securities laws or other laws, including laws intended to protect the interests of investors. The Custodian shall neither assess nor take any responsibility or liability for the suitability or appropriateness of the investments made by a Fund or a Portfolio or on its behalf.

 

14.10       Communications. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with securities or other financial assets of a Portfolio at any time held by the Custodian unless (a) the Custodian or the Eligible Foreign Custodian is in actual possession of such securities or other financial assets, (b) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of the right or power, and (c) both of the conditions referred to in the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) have been satisfied at least three business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise the right or power. However, the Custodian shall nevertheless exercise its best efforts to take such action in the event that notification is received three business days or less prior to the date on which action is required.

 

14.11       Loaned Securities. Income due to each Portfolio on securities or other financial assets loaned shall be the responsibility of the applicable Fund. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility, pursuant to this Agreement, in connection with loaned securities or other financial assets, other than to provide the Fund with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Fund in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Portfolio is entitled.

 

14.12       Trade Counterparties. A Fund’s receipt of securities or other financial assets from a counterparty in connection with any of its purchase transactions and its receipt of cash from a counterparty in connection with any sale or redemption of securities or other financial assets will be at the Fund’s sole risk, and the Custodian shall not be obligated to make demands on the Fund’s behalf if the Fund’s counterparty defaults. If a Fund’s counterparty fails to deliver securities, other financial assets or cash, the Custodian will notify the Fund’s Investment Advisor of the failure within a reasonable time after the Custodian became aware of the failure.

 

Section 15. Compensation and Indemnification of Custodian; Security Interest.

 

Section. 15.1 Compensation. The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as agreed upon from time to time between each Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Custodian.

 

Section 15.2 Indemnification. Each Portfolio agrees to indemnify the Custodian and to hold the Custodian harmless from and against any loss, cost or expense sustained or incurred by the Custodian in acting or omitting to act under or in respect of this Agreement in good faith, without negligence and with reasonable care, including, without limitation, (a) the Custodian’s compliance with Proper Instructions and (b) in connection with the provision of services to a Fund pursuant to Section 7, any obligations, including taxes, withholding and reporting requirements, claims for exemption and refund, additions for late payment, interest, penalties and other expenses, that may be assessed against the Fund, the Portfolio or the Custodian as custodian of the assets of the Fund or the Portfolio. If a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio instructs the Custodian to take any action with respect to securities or other financial assets, and the action involves the payment of money or may, in the opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Fund or the Portfolio being liable therefor, the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, as a prerequisite to the Custodian taking the action, shall provide to the Custodian at the Custodian’s request such further indemnification in an amount and form satisfactory to the Custodian. The obligations and liabilities any Portfolio assumes shall be limited in any case to the relevant Portfolio and its assets and the Custodian shall not seek satisfaction of any obligation from the shareholders of the relevant Portfolio, any other Portfolio or its shareholders or the Trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Fund. In addition, in connection with the discharge and satisfaction of any claim made by the Custodian against a Fund involving more than one Portfolio, the Fund has the exclusive right to determine the appropriate allocations of liability for any claim between or among Portfolios.

 

Section 15.3 Security Interest. Each Fund hereby grants to the Custodian, to secure the payment and performance of the Fund’s obligations under this Agreement, whether contingent or otherwise, a security interest in and right of recoupment and setoff against all cash and all securities and other financial assets at any time held for the account of a Portfolio by or through the Custodian. The obligations include, without limitation, the Fund’s obligations to reimburse the Custodian if the Custodian or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or agents advances cash or securities or other financial assets to the Fund for any purpose (including but not limited to settlements of securities or other financial assets, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement), or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from its or its nominee’s own negligence, as well as the Fund’s obligation to compensate the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.1 or indemnify the Custodian pursuant to Section 15.2. Should the Fund fail to reimburse or otherwise pay the Custodian any obligation under this Agreement promptly, the Custodian shall have the rights and remedies of a secured party under this Agreement, the UCC and other applicable law, including the right to utilize available cash and to sell or otherwise dispose of the Portfolio’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain payment or reimbursement.  The Custodian may at any time decline to follow Proper Instructions to deliver out cash, securities or other financial assets if the Custodian determines in its reasonable discretion that, after giving effect to the Proper Instructions, the cash, securities or other financial assets remaining will not have sufficient value fully to secure the Fund's payment or reimbursement obligations, whether contingent or otherwise.

 

Section 16. Effective Period and Termination.

 

Section 16.1 Term. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for an initial term ending February 28, 2021. After the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one-year terms unless a written notice of non-renewal is delivered by the non-renewing party no later than ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the Initial Term or any renewal term, as the case may be. A written notice of non-renewal may be given as to a Fund or a Portfolio.

 

Section 16.2 Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement as to a Fund or a Portfolio: (a) in the event of the other party’s material breach of a material provision of this Agreement that the other party has either failed to cure, or failed to establish a remedial plan to cure that is reasonably acceptable to the non-breaching party, within 60 days’ written notice being given by the non-breaching party of the breach, or (b) in the event of the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the other party, the commencement by or against the other party of a bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding, or upon the happening of a like event to the other party at the direction of an appropriate agency or court of competent jurisdiction.

 

Section 16.3 Payments Owing to the Custodian. Upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 16.1 or 16.2 with respect to any Fund or Portfolio, the applicable Fund shall pay to the Custodian any compensation then due and shall reimburse the Custodian for its other reasonable costs, expenses and charges then due. Upon receipt of such payment and reimbursement, the Custodian will deliver the Fund’s or Portfolio’s cash and its securities and other financial assets as set forth in Section 17.

 

Section 16.4 Reserved.

 

Section 16.5 Effect of Termination. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund or Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio. Following termination with respect to a Fund or Portfolio, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility to forward information under Section 3.8 or 5.8. The provisions of Sections 7, 14, 15 and 17 of this Agreement shall survive termination of this Agreement. To the extent the Custodian continues to possess confidential information or records of the Fund or its agents or service providers after the termination of this Agreement, the obligations contained in Sections 12, 20.11, 20.12, and 20.13 of this Agreement shall continue until the five (5) year anniversary of the termination date of this Agreement.

 

Section 17. Successor Custodian.

 

Section 17.1 Successor Appointed. If a successor custodian shall be appointed for a Portfolio by its Board, the Custodian shall, upon termination of this Agreement and receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver to the successor custodian at the office of the Custodian, duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in a U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent.

 

Section 17.2 No Successor Appointed. If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver at the office of the Custodian and transfer the cash and the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio in accordance with the Proper Instructions.

 

Section 17.3 No Successor Appointed and No Proper Instructions. If no successor custodian has been appointed and no Proper Instructions have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the termination of this Agreement, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the 1940 Act, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts, or New York, New York, of its own selection, all cash and all securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio then held by the Custodian hereunder, and to transfer to an account of the bank or trust company all of the securities and other financial assets of the Portfolio held in any U.S. Securities System or Foreign Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent. The transfer will be on such terms as are contained in this Agreement or as the Custodian may otherwise reasonably negotiate with the bank or trust company. Any compensation payable to the bank or trust company, and any cost or expense incurred by the Custodian, in connection with the transfer shall be for the account of the Portfolio.

 

Section 17.4 Remaining Property. If any cash or any securities or other financial assets of the Portfolio held by the Custodian hereunder remain held by the Custodian after the termination of this Agreement owing to the failure of the applicable Fund to provide Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian holds the cash or the securities or other financial assets (the existing agreed-to compensation at the time of termination shall be one indicator of what is considered fair compensation). The provisions of this Agreement relating to the duties, exculpation and indemnification of the Custodian shall apply in favor of the Custodian during such period.

 

Section 17.5 Reserves. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 17, the Custodian may retain cash or securities or other financial assets of the Fund or Portfolio as a reserve reasonably established by the Custodian to secure the payment or performance of any obligations of the Fund or Portfolio secured by a security interest or right of recoupment or setoff in favor of the Custodian.

 

Section 18. [Reserved]

 

Section 19. Loan Services Addendum. If a Fund directs the Custodian in writing to perform loan services, the Custodian and the Fund will be bound by the terms of the Loan Services Addendum attached hereto. The Fund shall reimburse Custodian for its fees and expenses related thereto as agreed upon from time to time in writing by the Fund and the Custodian.

 

Section 20. General.

 

Section 20.1 Governing Law. Any and all matters in dispute between the parties hereto, whether arising from or relating to this Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to any conflict of laws rules. Likewise, the law applicable to all issues in Article 2(1) of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Certain Rights in respect of Securities Held with an Intermediary is the law in force in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

 

Section 20.2 [Reserved]

 

Section 20.3 Prior Agreements; Amendments. This Agreement supersedes the December 1, 1993 Custodian Contract, as amended, between each Fund on behalf of each of the Fund’s Portfolios and the Custodian relating to the custody of the Fund’s assets. This Agreement may be amended at any time in writing by mutual agreement of the parties hereto.

 

Section 20.4 Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) any Fund without the written consent of the Custodian or (b) the Custodian without the written consent of each applicable Fund. However, without the consent of any Fund or any Portfolio, the Custodian may assign this Agreement to a successor of all or a substantial portion of its business, or to a party controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Custodian. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian may employ, engage, associate or contract with such person or persons, including, without limitation, affiliates and subsidiaries of the Custodian, as the Custodian may deem desirable to assist it in performing certain of its non-custodial obligations under this Agreement without the consent of any Fund; provided, however, that the compensation of such person or persons shall be paid by the Custodian and that the Custodian shall be as fully responsible to the Fund for the acts and omissions of any such person or persons as it is for its own acts and omissions under this Agreement.

 

Section 20.5 Interpretive and Additional Provisions. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Custodian and each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement. Any such interpretive or additional provisions shall be in a writing signed by all parties, provided that no such interpretive or additional provisions shall contravene any applicable laws or regulations or any provision of a Fund’s organic record and Prospectus. No interpretive or additional provisions made as provided in the preceding sentence shall be an amendment of this Agreement.

 

Section 20.6 Additional Funds and Portfolios.

 

20.6.1       Additional Fund. If any management investment company in addition to those listed on Appendix A desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the management investment company shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7 below.

 

20.6.2       Additional Portfolio. If any Fund establishes a series in addition to the Portfolios set forth on Appendix A with respect to which the Fund desires the Custodian to render services as custodian under the terms of this Agreement, the Fund shall so notify the Custodian in writing. If the Custodian agrees in writing to provide the services, the series shall become a Portfolio hereunder.

 

Section 20.7 The Parties; Representations and Warranties. All references in this Agreement to the “Fund” are to each of the management investment companies listed on Appendix A, and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 20.6 above, individually, as if this Agreement were between the individual Fund and the Custodian. In the case of a series organization, all references in this Agreement to the “Portfolio” are to the individual series of the series organization on behalf of the individual series. Any reference in this Agreement to “the parties” shall mean the Custodian and such other individual Fund as to which the matter pertains.

 

20.7.1       Fund Representations and Warranties. Each Fund hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is duly organized and validly existing in good standing in its jurisdiction of organization; (b) it has the requisite power and authority under applicable law and its organic record to enter into and perform this Agreement; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Fund’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Fund or any law or regulation applicable to it.

 

 

20.7.2       Custodian Representations and Warranties. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is a trust company, duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (b) it has the requisite power and authority to carry on its business in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) no legal or administrative proceedings have been instituted or threatened which would materially impair the Custodian’s ability to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement; and (e) its entering into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Custodian or any law or regulation applicable to it.

 

Section 20.8 Notices. Any notice, instruction or other communication required to be given hereunder will, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, be in writing and may be sent by hand, or by facsimile transmission, or overnight delivery by any recognized delivery service, to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.

 

To any Fund: c/o Federated Investors, Inc.
  Federated Investors Tower - 21st Floor
  1001 Liberty Avenue
  Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
  Attention: Lori Hensler, Director of Funds Financial Services
  Telephone: 412-288-1277
  Telecopy: 412-288-8668
   
with a copy to: Federated Investors, Inc.
  Federated Investors Tower - 17th Floor
  1001 Liberty Avenue
  Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
  Attention: Chief Legal Officer
  Telephone: 412-288-6331
  Telecopy: 412-288-8668
  Federated Investors Tower - 17th Floor
   
To the Custodian: State Street Bank and Trust Company
  1 Iron Street
  Boston, MA 02110
  Attention: Andrea Griffin
  Telephone: 617-662-3590
  Telecopy: 617-375-4279
   
with a copy to: State Street Bank and Trust Company
  Legal Division – Global Services Americas
  One Lincoln Street
  Boston, MA  02111
  Attention:  Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Counsel

 

Section 20.9 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Counterparts may be executed in either original or electronically transmitted form (e.g., faxes or emailed portable document format (PDF) form), and the parties hereby adopt as original any signatures received in electronically transmitted form.

 

Section 20.10 Severability; No Waiver. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. The failure of a party hereto to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this Agreement on any occasion or the failure of a party hereto to exercise or any delay in exercising any right or remedy under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of any the term, right or remedy or a waiver of any other rights or remedies, and no single or partial exercise of any right or remedy under this Agreement shall prevent any further exercise of the right or remedy or the exercise of any other right or remedy.

 

Section 20.11 Confidentiality. All information provided under this Agreement by or on behalf of a party or its agents or service providers (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) regarding the Disclosing Party’s business and operations shall be treated as confidential. Subject to Section 20.12 below, all confidential information provided under this Agreement by Disclosing Party shall be used, including disclosure to third parties, by the Receiving Party, or its agents or service providers, solely for the purpose of performing or receiving the services and discharging the Receiving Party’s other obligations under the Agreement or managing the business of the Receiving Party and its Affiliates (as defined in Section 20.12 below), including financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (a) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (b) that is independently derived by the Receiving Party without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, (c) that is disclosed to comply with any legal or regulatory proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative demand or other similar process, (d) that is disclosed as required by operation of law or regulation or as required to comply with the requirements of any market infrastructure that the Disclosing Party or its agents direct the Custodian or its affiliates to employ (or which is required in connection with the holding or settlement of instruments included in the assets subject to this Agreement), or (e) where the party seeking to disclose is expressly permitted under applicable law or regulation to disclose for a legitimate business purpose subject to confidentiality obligation, or has received the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party providing the information, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. A Receiving Party shall protect confidential information of a Disclosing Party at least to the same degree as the Receiving Party protects its own confidential information. All confidential information, provided by a Disclosing Party shall remain the property of such Disclosing Party. All confidential information, together with any copies thereof, in whatever form, shall, upon the Disclosing Party’s written request, be returned to the Disclosing Party or destroyed, at the Receiving Party’s election; provided, that the Receiving Party shall be permitted to retain all or any portion of the confidential information, in accordance with the confidentiality obligations specified in this Agreement, to the extent required by applicable law or regulatory authority or to the extent required by the Receiving Party’s internal policies and in accordance with its customary practices for backup and storage.

 

Section 20.12 Use of Data.

 

(a)               In connection with the provision of the services and the discharge of its other obligations under this Agreement, the Custodian (which term for purposes of this Section 20.12 includes each of its parent company, branches and affiliates (“Affiliates”)) may collect and store information regarding a Fund and share such information with its Affiliates, agents and service providers in order and to the extent reasonably necessary (i) to carry out the provision of services contemplated under this Agreement and other agreements between the Fund and the Custodian or any of its Affiliates and (ii) to carry out management of its businesses, including, but not limited to, financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management.

 

(b)       Subject to paragraph (c) below, the Custodian and/or its Affiliates (except those Affiliates or business divisions principally engaged in the business of asset management) may use any data or other information (“Data”) obtained by such entities in the performance of their services under this Agreement or any other agreement between the Fund and the Custodian or one of its Affiliates, including Data regarding transactions and portfolio holdings relating to the Fund, and publish, sell, distribute or otherwise commercialize the Data; provided that, unless the Fund otherwise consents, Data is combined or aggregated with information relating to (i) other customers of the Custodian and/or its Affiliates or (ii) information derived from other sources, in each case such that any published information will be displayed in a manner designed to prevent attribution to or identification of such Data with the Fund. The Fund agrees that Custodian and/or its Affiliates may seek to profit and realize economic benefit from the commercialization and use of the Data, that such benefit will constitute part of the Custodian’s compensation for services under this Agreement or such other agreement, and the Custodian and/or its Affiliates shall be entitled to retain and not be required to disclose the amount of such economic benefit and profit to the Fund.

 

(c)       Except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement, nothing in this Section 20.12 shall limit the confidentiality and data-protection obligations of the Custodian and its Affiliates under this Agreement and applicable law. The Custodian shall cause any Affiliate, agent or service provider to which it has disclosed Data pursuant to this Section 20.12 to comply at all times with confidentiality and data-protection obligations as if it were a party to this Agreement.

 

Section 20.13 Data Privacy. The Custodian will implement and maintain a written information security program that contains appropriate security measures generally consistent with industry standard practices aligned with a security framework appropriate for a large financial services company to safeguard the personal information of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, directors and officers that the Custodian receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder.  The term, “personal information”, as used in this Section, means (a) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (i) Social Security or other tax identification number, (ii) driver’s license number, (iii) state identification card number, (iv) debit or credit card number, (v) financial account number or (vi) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account, (b) any combination of any of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account, or (c) any other non-public personal information within the meaning of applicable law or regulation.  “Personal Information” shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public (except to the extent applicable law in a particular jurisdiction does not exclude such publicly available information from protection as personal information).

 

Section 20.14 Reproduction of Documents. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. Any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

 

Section 20.15 Regulation GG. Each Fund represents and warrants that it does not engage in an “Internet gambling business,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(r) of Federal Reserve Regulation GG (12 CFR 233) and covenants that it shall not engage in an Internet gambling business. In accordance with Regulation GG, each Fund is hereby notified that “restricted transactions,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(y) of Regulation GG, are prohibited in any dealings with the Custodian pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise between or among any party hereto.

 

Section 20.16 Shareholder Communications Election. SEC Rule 14b-2 requires banks that hold securities, as that term is used in federal securities laws, for the account of customers to respond to requests by issuers of securities for the names, addresses and holdings of beneficial owners of securities of that issuer held by the bank unless the beneficial owner has expressly objected to disclosure of this information. In order to comply with the rule, as may be applicable, the Custodian needs each Fund to indicate whether it authorizes the Custodian to provide such Fund’s name, address, and share position to requesting companies whose securities the Fund owns. If a Fund tells the Custodian “no,” the Custodian will not provide this information to requesting companies. If a Fund tells the Custodian “yes” or does not check either “yes” or “no” below, the Custodian is required by the rule, as applicable, to treat the Fund as consenting to disclosure of this information for all securities owned by the Fund or any funds or accounts established by the Fund. For a Fund’s protection, the Rule, as applicable, prohibits the requesting company from using the Fund’s name and address for any purpose other than corporate communications. Please indicate below whether the Fund consents or objects by checking one of the alternatives below.

 

YES [ ] The Custodian is authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

 

NO [X] The Custodian is not authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

 

Section 20.17 Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery. In the event of equipment failure, work stoppage, governmental action, communication disruption or other impossibility of performance beyond the Custodian’s control, the Custodian shall take reasonable steps to minimize service interruptions. Specifically, Custodian shall implement reasonable procedures to prevent the loss of data and to recover from service interruptions caused by equipment failure or other circumstances with resumption of all substantial elements of services in a timeframe sufficient to meet business requirements. The Custodian shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement with appropriate parties one or more agreements making reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to the Fund; and (ii) emergency use of electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Custodian shall test the ability to recover to alternate data processing equipment in accordance with State Street program standards, and provide a high level summary of business continuity test results to the Fund upon request. Custodian will remedy any material deficiencies in accordance with State Street program standards. Upon reasonable advance notice, and at no cost to Custodian, the Fund retains the right to review Custodian’s business continuity, crisis management, disaster recovery, and third-party vendor management processes and programs (including discussions with the relevant subject matter experts and an on-site review of the production facilities used) related to delivery of the service no more frequently than an annual basis. Upon reasonable request, the Custodian also shall discuss with senior management of the Fund any business continuity/disaster recovery plan of the Custodian and/or provide a high-level presentation summarizing such plan.

 

20.18       Anti-Money Laundering. With respect to the Fund's offering and sale of Interests at any time, and for all subsequent transfers of such interests, the Fund or its delegate shall, directly or indirectly and to the extent required by law: (i) conduct know your customer/client identity due diligence with respect to potential investors and transferees in the Interests and shall obtain and retain due diligence records for each investor and transferee; (ii) use its best efforts to ensure that each investor's and any transferee's funds used to purchase Interests shall not be derived from, nor the product of, any criminal activity; (iii) if requested, provide periodic written verifications that such investors/transferees have been checked against the United States Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control database for any non-compliance or exceptions; and (iv) perform its obligations under this Section in accordance with all applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations. In the event that the Custodian has received advice from counsel that access to underlying due diligence records pertaining to the investors/transferees is necessary to ensure compliance by the Custodian with relevant anti-money laundering (or other applicable) laws or regulations, the Fund shall, upon receipt of written request from the Custodian, provide the Custodian with copies of such due diligence records.

 

 

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

 
 

 

Signature Page

 

 

In Witness Whereof, each of the parties has caused this Agreement to be executed in its name and behalf by its duly authorized representative under seal as of the date first above-written.

 

 

EACH OF THE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES AND SERIES

SET FORTH ON APPENDIX A HERETO

 

 

By: /s/ Lori A. Hensler

Name: Lori A. Hensler

Title: Fund Treasurer

 

 

 

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

 

By:/s/ Andrew Erickson

Name: Andrew Erickson

Title: Executive Vice President

 

 
 

 

APPENDIX A

to

Master Custodian Agreement

 

(revised as of June 1, 2021)

Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any

 

Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust

Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund

 

Federated Hermes Adviser Series:

Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund

Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund

 

Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund

Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.

Federated Hermes Government Income Trust

Federated Hermes Government Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust

Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund

 

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Fund

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust:

Bank Loan Core Fund

Mortgage Core Fund

High Yield Bond Core Fund

Emerging Markets Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust III:

Project and Trade Finance Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Equity Funds:

Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund

Federated Hermes Strategic Value Dividend Fund

 

Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes High Yield Trust

Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:

Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund

Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities

Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes Index Trust:

Federated Hermes Max-Cap Index Fund

Federated Hermes Mid-Cap Index Fund

 

Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:

Federated Hermes Government Ultrashort Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Insurance Series:

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II

Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II

Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II

Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II

 

Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio

 

Federated Hermes MDT Series:

Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

 

Federated Total Return Series, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:

Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management

Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations

 
 

 

 

 

 

[          ]

 

 

 
 

 

Appendix A

 

Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any

 

Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust

Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund

Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.

Federated Hermes Government Income Trust

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust

 

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust:

Bank Loan Core Fund

Mortgage Core Fund

High Yield Bond Core Fund

Emerging Markets Core Fund

 

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust III:

Project and Trade Finance Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Equity Funds:

Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund

Federated Hermes Strategic Value Dividend Fund

 

Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes High Yield Trust

Federated Hermes Equity Advantage Fund

Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:

Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund

Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities

Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes Index Trust:

Federated Hermes Max-Cap Index Fund

Federated Hermes Mid-Cap Index Fund

 

Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:

Federated Hermes Government Ultrashort Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Insurance Series:

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II

Federated Hermes Hermes Kaufmann Fund II

Federated Managed Volatility Fund II

Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II

Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II

 

Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio

 

Federated Hermes MDT Series:

Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

 

Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund

 

 

Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:

Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Connecticut Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Florida Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Georgia Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Massachusetts Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Michigan Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management

Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Ohio Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Pennsylvania Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations

Federated Hermes Virginia Municipal Cash Trust

 

 
 

 

Appendix B

 

[     ]

 

 

 
 

 

LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

 

ADDENDUM to that certain Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement, dated March 1, 2017, as amended (the “Custodian Agreement”) by and among each fund (a “Fund”) identified on Appendix A thereto or made subject thereto pursuant to Section 20.6 thereof and State Street Bank and Trust Company, including its subsidiaries and other affiliates (the “Custodian”). As used in this Addendum, the term “Fund”, in relation to a Loan (as defined below), includes a Portfolio on whose behalf the Fund acts with respect to the Loan.

 

The following provisions will apply with respect to interests in commercial loans, including loan participations, whether the loans are bilateral or syndicated and whether any obligor is located in or outside of the United States (collectively, “Loans”), made or acquired by a Fund on behalf of one or more of its Portfolios.

 

Section 1. Payment Custody. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to receive payments directly with respect to a Loan for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement,

 

(a)       the Fund will cause the Custodian to be named as the Fund’s nominee for payment purposes under the relevant financing documents, e.g., in the case of a syndicated loan, the administrative contact for the agent bank, and otherwise provide for the payment to the Custodian of the payments with respect to the Loan; and

 

(b)       the Custodian will credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement any payment on or in respect of the Loan actually received by the Custodian and identified as relating to the Loan, but with any amount credited being conditional upon clearance and actual receipt by the Custodian of final payment.

 

Section 2. Monitoring. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to monitor payments on and forward notices relating to a Loan,

 

(a)       the Fund will deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Custodian a schedule identifying the amount and due dates of the scheduled principal payments, the scheduled interest payment dates and related payment amount information, and such other information with respect to the Loan as the Custodian may reasonably require in order to perform its services hereunder (collectively, “Loan Information”); and

 

(b)       the Custodian will (i) if the amount of a principal, interest, fee or other payment with respect to the Loan is not received by the Custodian on the date on which the amount is scheduled to be paid as reflected in the Loan Information, use best efforts to notify the agent of the obligor and/or any other intermediary banks of the obligor’s failure to make timely payment, and (ii) if such payment is not received, promptly notify the Fund (or the Investment Manager on its behalf) of such obligor’s failure to make the loan payment, and (iii) provide a report to the Fund that the payment has not been received and (iv) if the Custodian receives any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan, undertake reasonable efforts to forward the notice to the Fund.

 

Section 3. Exculpation of the Custodian.

 

(a)       Payment Custody and Monitoring. The Custodian will have no liability for any delay or failure by the Fund or any third party in providing Loan Information to the Custodian or for any inaccuracy or incompleteness of any Loan Information. The Custodian will have no obligation to verify, investigate, recalculate, update or otherwise confirm the accuracy or completeness of any Loan Information or other information or notices received by the Custodian in respect of the Loan. The Custodian will be entitled to (i) rely upon the Loan Information provided to it by or on behalf of the Fund or any other information or notices that the Custodian may receive from time to time from any syndication agent, lead or obligor or any similar party with respect to the Loan and (ii) update its records on the basis of such information or notices as may from time to time be received by the Custodian.

 

(b) Any Service. The Custodian will have no obligation to (i) determine whether any necessary steps have been taken or requirements have been met for the Fund to have acquired good or record title to a Loan, (ii) ensure that the Fund’s acquisition of the Loan has been authorized by the Fund, (iii) collect past due payments on the Loan, preserve any rights against prior parties, exercise any right or perform any obligation in connection with the Loan (including taking any action in connection with any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice received from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan) or otherwise take any other action to enforce the payment obligations of any obligor on the Loan, (iv) become itself the record title holder of the Loan or (v) make any advance of its own funds with respect to the Loan.

 

(c)       Miscellaneous. The Custodian will not be considered to have been or be charged with knowledge of the sale of a Loan by the Fund, unless and except to the extent that the Custodian shall have received written notice of the sale from the Fund and the proceeds of the sale have been received by the Custodian for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement. If any question arises as to the Custodian’s duties under this Addendum, the Custodian may request instructions from the Fund and will be entitled at all times to refrain from taking any action unless it has received Proper Instructions from the Fund. The Custodian will in all events have no liability, risk or cost for any action taken or omitted with respect to the Loan pursuant to Proper Instructions. The Custodian will have no responsibilities or duties whatsoever with respect to the Loan except as are expressly set forth in this Addendum.

 

 

 
 

 

Global Custody Network

Schedule A

 

DECEMBER 31, 2016

MARKET SUBCUSTODIAN ADDRESS
Albania Raiffeisen Bank sh.a. Blv. "Bajram Curri" ETC – Kati 14
Tirana, Albania
Argentina Citibank, N.A. Bartolome Mitre 530
1036 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Australia The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited HSBC Securities Services
Level 3, 10 Smith St.,
Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
Austria Deutsche Bank AG Fleischmarkt 1
A-1010 Vienna, Austria
UniCredit Bank Austria AG Custody Department / Dept. 8398-TZ Julius Tandler Platz 3
A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Bahrain HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) 1st Floor, Bldg. #2505
Road # 2832, Al Seef 428
Kingdom of Bahrain
Bangladesh Standard Chartered Bank Silver Tower, Level 7
52 South Gulshan Commercial Area
Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
Belgium Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Brussels branch) De Entrees 99-197
1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
Benin via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Bermuda HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited 6 Front Street
Hamilton, HM06, Bermuda
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina UniCredit Bank d.d. Zelenih beretki 24
71 000 Sarajevo
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited 4th Floor, Standard Chartered House
Queens Road
The Mall
Gaborone, Botswana
Brazil Citibank, N.A. AV Paulista 1111
São Paulo, SP 01311-920 Brazil
Bulgaria Citibank Europe plc, Bulgaria Branch Serdika Offices, 10th floor
48 Sitnyakovo Blvd.
1505 Sofia, Bulgaria
UniCredit Bulbank AD 7 Sveta Nedelya Square
1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Burkina Faso via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Canada State Street Trust Company Canada 30 Adelaide Street East, Suite 800
Toronto, ON Canada M5C 3G6
Chile Itaú CorpBanca S.A. Presidente Riesco Street # 5537
Floor 18
Las Condes, Santiago de Chile
Peoples Republic of China HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) 33rd Floor, HSBC Building, Shanghai IFC
8 Century Avenue
Pudong, Shanghai, China (200120)
China Construction Bank Corporation (for A-share market only) No.1 Naoshikou Street Chang An Xing Rong Plaza Beijing 100032-33, China
Citibank N.A. (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market only) 39/F., Champion Tower
3 Garden Road
Central, Hong Kong
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market only) Level 30,
HSBC Main Building
1 Queen's Road
Central, Hong Kong
Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited (for Shanghai – Hong Kong Stock Connect market) 15th Floor Standard Chartered Tower
388 Kwun Tong Road
Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
Colombia Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria Carrera 9A, No. 99-02
Bogotá DC, Colombia
Costa Rica Banco BCT S.A. 160 Calle Central
Edificio BCT
San José, Costa Rica
Croatia Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d. Custody Department
Radnička cesta 50
10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Zagrebacka Banka d.d. Savska 60
10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Cyprus BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A., Greece (operating through its Athens branch) 2 Lampsakou Str.
115 28 Athens, Greece
Czech Republic Československá obchodní banka, a.s. Radlická 333/150
150 57 Prague 5, Czech Republic
UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.

BB Centrum – FILADELFIE Želetavská 1525/1 140 92 Praha 4 - Michle, Czech Republic

 

 

Denmark Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Danmark A/S) Strandgade 3
0900 Copenhagen C, Denmark
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Copenhagen branch) Bernstorffsgade 50
1577 Copenhagen, Denmark
Egypt HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E. (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) 6th Floor
306 Corniche El Nil
Maadi
Cairo, Egypt
Estonia AS SEB Pank Tornimäe 2
15010 Tallinn, Estonia
Finland Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Finland Plc.) Satamaradankatu 5
00500 Helsinki, Finland
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Helsinki branch) Securities Services
Box 630
SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland
France Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Paris branch) De Entrees 99-197
1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
Republic of Georgia JSC Bank of Georgia 29a Gagarini Str. Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
Germany State Street Bank International GmbH Brienner Strasse 59
80333 Munich, Germany
  Deutsche Bank AG Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee 16-24
D-65760 Eschborn, Germany
Ghana Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited P. O. Box 768
1st Floor
High Street Building
Accra, Ghana
Greece BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A. 2 Lampsakou Str.
115 28 Athens, Greece
Guinea-Bissau via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Hong Kong Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited 15th Floor Standard Chartered Tower
388 Kwun Tong Road
Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
Hungary Citibank Europe plc Magyarországi Fióktelepe 7 Szabadság tér, Bank Center
Budapest, H-1051 Hungary
UniCredit Bank Hungary Zrt. 6th Floor
Szabadság tér 5-6
H-1054 Budapest, Hungary
Iceland Landsbankinn hf. Austurstti 11
155 Reykjavik, Iceland
India Deutsche Bank AG Block B1, 4th Floor, Nirlon Knowledge Park
Off Western Express Highway
Goregaon (E)
Mumbai 400 063, India
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 11F, Building 3, NESCO - IT Park, NESCO Complex,
Western Express Highway
Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India
Indonesia Deutsche Bank AG Deutsche Bank Building, 4th floor
Jl. Imam Bonjol, No. 80
Jakarta 10310, Indonesia
Ireland State Street Bank and Trust Company, United Kingdom branch 525 Ferry Road
Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland
Israel Bank Hapoalim B.M. 50 Rothschild Boulevard
Tel Aviv, Israel 61000
Italy Deutsche Bank S.p.A. Investor Services
Via Turati 27 – 3rd Floor
20121 Milan, Italy
Ivory Coast Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A. 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Japan Mizuho Bank, Limited Shinagawa Intercity Tower A
2-15-1, Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo 108-6009, Japan
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited HSBC Building
11-1 Nihonbashi 3-chome, Chuo-ku
Tokyo 1030027, Japan
Jordan Standard Chartered Bank Shmeissani Branch
Al-Thaqafa Street, Building # 2
P.O. Box 926190
Amman 11110, Jordan
Kazakhstan JSC Citibank Kazakhstan Park Palace, Building A,
41 Kazibek Bi street,
Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
Kenya Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited Custody Services
Standard Chartered @ Chiromo, Level 5
48 Westlands Road
P.O. Box 40984 – 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya
Republic of Korea Deutsche Bank AG 18th Fl., Young-Poong Building
41 Cheonggyecheon-ro
Jongro-ku-, Seoul 03188, Korea
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 5F
HSBC Building #37
Chilpae-ro
Jung-gu, Seoul 04511, Korea
Kuwait HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) Kuwait City, Sharq Area Abdulaziz Al Sager Street Al Hamra Tower, 37F
P. O. Box 1683, Safat 13017, Kuwait
Latvia AS SEB banka Unicentrs, Valdlauči
LV-1076 Kekavas pag., Rigas raj., Latvia
Lebanon HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) St. Georges Street, Minet El-Hosn
Beirut 1107 2080, Lebanon
Lithuania AB SEB bankas Gedimino av. 12
LT 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania
Malawi Standard Bank Limited Kaomba Centre
Cnr. Victoria Avenue & Sir Glyn Jones
Road
Blantyre, Malawi
Malaysia Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad Domestic Custody Services
Level 20, Menara IMC
8 Jalan Sultan Ismail
50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad Menara Standard Chartered
30 Jalan Sultan Ismail
50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mali via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Mauritius The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 6F HSBC Centre
18 CyberCity
Ebene, Mauritius
Mexico Banco Nacional de México, S.A. 3er piso, Torre Norte
Act. Roberto Medellín No. 800
Col. Santa Fe
Mexico, DF 01219
Morocco Citibank Maghreb Zénith Millénium Immeuble1
Sidi Maârouf – B.P. 40
Casablanca 20190, Morocco
Namibia Standard Bank Namibia Limited Standard Bank Center
Cnr. Werner List St. and Post St. Mall
2nd Floor
Windhoek, Namibia
Netherlands Deutsche Bank AG De Entrees 99-197
1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
New Zealand The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited HSBC House
Level 7, 1 Queen St.
Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Niger via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Nigeria Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc. Plot 1712
Idejo St
Victoria Island,
Lagos 101007, Nigeria
Norway Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its subsidiary, Nordea Bank Norge ASA) Essendropsgate 7
0368 Oslo, Norway
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), Sweden (operating through its Oslo branch) P.O. Box 1843 Vika
Filipstad Brygge 1
N-0123 Oslo, Norway
Oman HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G. (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) 2nd Floor Al Khuwair
PO Box 1727 PC 111
Seeb, Oman
Pakistan Deutsche Bank AG Unicentre – Unitowers I.I. Chundrigar Road P.O. Box 4925
Karachi - 74000, Pakistan
Panama Citibank, N.A. Boulevard Punta Pacifica Torre de las Americas Apartado
Panama City, Panama 0834-00555
Peru Citibank del Perú, S.A. Canaval y Moreyra 48
3rd Floor, San Isidr
Lima 27, Perú
Philippines Deutsche Bank AG Global Transaction Banking
Tower One, Ayala Triangle
1226 Makati City, Philippines
Poland Bank Handlowy w Warszawie S.A. ul. Senatorska 16
00-293 Warsaw, Poland
Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. 31 Zwirki I Wigury Street
02-091, Warsaw, Poland
Portugal Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands (operating through its Amsterdam branch with support from its Lisbon branch) De Entrees 99-197
1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
Puerto Rico Citibank N.A. 1 Citibank Drive, Lomas Verdes Avenue
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926
Qatar HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) 2 Fl Ali Bin Ali Tower
Building no.: 150
Airport Road
Doha, Qatar
Romania Citibank Europe plc, Dublin – Romania Branch 8, Iancu de Hunedoara Boulevard
712042, Bucharest Sector 1, Romania
Russia AO Citibank 8-10 Gasheka Street, Building 1
125047 Moscow, Russia
Saudi Arabia HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) HSBC Head Office
7267 Olaya - Al Murooj
Riyadh 12283-2255
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Senegal via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Serbia UniCredit Bank Serbia JSC Rajiceva 27-29
11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Singapore Citibank N.A. 3 Changi Business Park Crescent
#07-00, Singapore 486026
United Overseas Bank Limited 156 Cecil Street
FEB Building #08-03
Singapore 069544
Slovak Republic UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s. Ŝancová 1/A
813 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Slovenia UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d. Šmartinska 140
SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
South Africa FirstRand Bank Limited Mezzanine Floor
3 First Place Bank City
Corner Simmonds & Jeppe Sts. Johannesburg 2001
Republic of South Africa
Standard Bank of South Africa Limited 3rd Floor, 25 Pixley Ka Isaka Seme St. Johannesburg 2001
Republic of South Africa
Spain Deutsche Bank S.A.E. Calle de Rosario Pino 14-16, Planta 1
28020 Madrid, Spain
Sri Lanka The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 24, Sir Baron Jayatilake Mawatha
Colombo 01, Sri Lanka
Republic of Srpska UniCredit Bank d.d. Zelenih beretki 24
71 000 Sarajevo
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Swaziland Standard Bank Swaziland Limited Standard House, Swazi Plaza
Mbabane, Swaziland H101
Sweden Nordea Bank AB (publ) Smålandsgatan 17
105 71 Stockholm, Sweden
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) Sergels Torg 2
SE-106 40 Stockholm, Sweden
Switzerland Credit Suisse (Switzerland) Limited Uetlibergstrasse 231
8070 Zurich, Switzerland
UBS Switzerland AG Max-Högger-Strasse 80-82
CH-8048 Zurich-Alstetten, Switzerland
Taiwan - R.O.C. Deutsche Bank AG 296 Ren-Ai Road
Taipei 106 Taiwan, Republic of China
  Standard Chartered Bank (Taiwan) Limited 168 Tun Hwa North Road
Taipei 105, Taiwan, Republic of China
Tanzania Standard Chartered Bank (Tanzania) Limited 1 Floor, International House
Corner Shaaban Robert St and Garden
Ave
PO Box 9011
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Thailand Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited Sathorn Nakorn Tower 
14t
h Floor, Zone B 
90 North Sathorn Road
Silom, Bangkok 10500, Thailand
Togo via Standard Chartered Bank Côte dIvoire S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast 23, Bld de la République
17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte dIvoire
Tunisia Union Internationale de Banques 65 Avenue Bourguiba
1000 Tunis, Tunisia
Turkey Citibank, A.Ş. Tekfen Tower
Eski Buyukdere Caddesi 209
Kat 3
Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey
Deutsche Bank A.Ş. Eski Buyukdere Caddesi
Tekfen Tower No. 209
Kat: 17 4
Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey
Uganda Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited 5 Speke Road
P.O. Box 7111
Kampala, Uganda
Ukraine PJSC Citibank 16-g Dilova St.
Kyiv 03150, Ukraine
United Arab Emirates Dubai Financial Market HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) HSBC Securities Services
Emaar Square
Level 3, Building No. 5
P O Box 502601
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Dubai International Financial Center HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) HSBC Securities Services
Emaar Square
Level 3, Building No. 5
P O Box 502601
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) HSBC Securities Services
Emaar Square
Level 3, Building No. 5
P O Box 502601
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom State Street Bank and Trust Company, United Kingdom branch 525 Ferry Road
Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland
Uruguay Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A. Zabala 1463
11000 Montevideo, Uruguay
Venezuela Citibank, N.A. Centro Comercial El Recreo
Torre Norte, Piso 19
Avenida Casanova
Caracas, Venezuela 1050
Vietnam HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Limited (as delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) Centre Point
106 Nguyen Van Troi Street
Phu Nhuan District
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Zambia Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc. Standard Chartered House
Cairo Road
P.O. Box 32238
10101, Lusaka, Zambia
Zimbabwe Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited (as delegate of Standard Bank of South Africa Limited) 3rd Floor
Stanbic Centre
59 Samora Machel Avenue
Harare, Zimbabwe

 

 

 

 
 

 

Depositories Operating in Network Markets Schedule B

 

DECEMBER 31, 2016

 

MARKET DEPOSITORY TYPES OF SECURITIES
Albania Bank of Albania Government debt
Argentina Caja de Valores S.A. Equities, government and corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
Australia Austraclear Limited Government securities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
Austria OeKB Central Securities Depository GmbH All securities listed on Wiener Börse AG, the Vienna Stock Exchange (as well as virtually all other Austrian securities)
Bahrain Clearing, Settlement, Depository and Registry System of the Bahrain Bourse Equities
Bangladesh Bangladesh Bank Government securities
Central Depository Bangladesh Limited Equities and corporate bonds
Belgium Euroclear Belgium Equities and most corporate bonds
National Bank of Belgium Government securities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Benin Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Bermuda Bermuda Securities Depository Equities, corporate bonds
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Registar vrijednosnih papira u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, d.d. Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market instruments
Botswana Bank of Botswana Government debt
Central Securities Depository Company of Botswana Ltd. Equities and corporate bonds
Brazil Central de Custódia e de Liquidação Financeira de Títulos Privados (CETIP) Corporate debt and money market instruments
Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Cusdia (CBLC) All equities listed on BM&F BOVESPA S.A. and SOMA, and non-financial corporate bonds traded at BM&F BOVESPA S.A.
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e de Cusdia (SELIC) Government debt issued by the central bank and the National Treasury
Bulgaria Bulgarian National Bank Government securities
Central Depository AD Eligible equities and corporate bonds
Burkina Faso Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Canada The Canadian Depository for Securities Limited All book-entry eligible securities, including government securities, equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, strip bonds, and asset- backed securities
Chile Depósito Central de Valores S.A. Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and money market instruments
Peoples Republic of China China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited, Shanghai and Shenzhen Branches A shares, B shares, Treasury bonds, local government bonds, enterprise bonds, corporate bonds, open and closed-end funds, convertible bonds, and warrants
China Central Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. Bonds traded through the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM), including Treasury bonds, local government bonds, policy bank bonds, central bank bills, medium-term notes, commercial paper, enterprise bonds, and commercial bank bonds
Colombia Depósito Central de Valores Securities issued by the central bank and the Republic of Colombia
  Depósito Centralizado de Valores de Colombia S.A. (DECEVAL) Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments
Costa Rica Interclear Central de Valores S.A. Securities traded on Bolsa Nacional de Valores
Croatia Središnje klirinško depozitarno društvo d.d. Eligible equities, corporate bonds, government securities, and corporate money market instruments
Cyprus Central Depository and Central Registry Equities, corporate bonds, dematerialized government securities, corporate money market instruments
Czech Republic Centrální depozitář cenných parů, a.s. All dematerialized equities, corporate debt, and government debt, excluding Treasury bills
Czech National Bank Treasury bills
Denmark VP Securities A/S Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, warrants
Egypt Central Bank of Egypt Treasury bills
Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry S.A.E. Eligible equities, corporate bonds, and Treasury bonds
Estonia AS Eesti Väärtpaberikeskus All registered equity and debt securities
Finland Euroclear Finland Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market instruments
France Euroclear France Government securities, equities, bonds, and money market instruments
Republic of Georgia Georgian Central Securities Depository Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
National Bank of Georgia Government securities
Germany Clearstream Banking AG, Frankfurt Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, warrants, investment funds, and index certificates
Ghana Central Securities Depository (Ghana) Limited Government securities and Bank of Ghana securities; equities and corporate bonds
Greece Bank of Greece, System for Monitoring Transactions in Securities in Book-Entry Form Government debt
Hellenic Central Securities Depository Eligible listed equities, government debt, and corporate bonds
Guinea-Bissau Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
  Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Hong Kong Central Moneymarkets Unit Government debt (i.e., exchange fund bills and notes issued by the HKMA), other private debt, and money market instruments
Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited Securities listed or traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Hungary KELER Központi Érktár Zrt. Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and investment fund notes
Iceland Nasdaq verðbréfamiðstöð hf. Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
India Central Depository Services (India) Limited Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments
National Securities Depository Limited Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments
Reserve Bank of India Government securities
Indonesia Bank Indonesia Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (central bank certificates), Surat Utang Negara (government debt instruments), and Surat Perbendaharaan Negara (Treasury bills)
PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Ireland Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments
Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. Government securities
Israel Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House Ltd. (TASE Clearing House) Government securities, equities, corporate bonds and trust fund units
Italy Monte Titoli S.p.A. Equities, corporate debt, government debt, money market instruments, and warrants
Ivory Coast Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Japan Bank of Japan – Financial Network System Government securities
Japan Securities Depository Center (JASDEC) Incorporated Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
Jordan Central Bank of Jordan Treasury bills, government bonds, development bonds, and public entity bonds
Securities Depository Center Equities and corporate bonds
Kazakhstan Central Securities Depository Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Kenya Central Bank of Kenya Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
Central Depository and Settlement Corporation Limited Equities and corporate debt
Republic of Korea Korea Securities Depository Equities, government securities, corporate bonds and money market instruments
Kuwait Kuwait Clearing Company Money market instruments, equities, and corporate bonds
Latvia Latvian Central Depository Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Lebanon Banque du Liban Government securities and certificates of deposit issued by the central bank
Custodian and Clearing Center of Financial Instruments for Lebanon and the Middle East (Midclear) S.A.L. Equities, corporate bonds and money market instruments
Lithuania Central Securities Depository of Lithuania All securities available for public trading
Malawi Reserve Bank of Malawi Reserve Bank of Malawi bills and Treasury bills
Malaysia Bank Negara Malaysia Treasury bills, Bank Negara Malaysia bills, Malaysian government securities, private debt securities, and money market instruments
Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn. Bhd. Securities listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad
Mali Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Mauritius Bank of Mauritius Government debt (traded through primary dealers)
Central Depository and Settlement Co. Limited Listed and unlisted equity and debt securities  (corporate debt and T-bills traded on the exchange)
Mexico S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V. All securities
Morocco Maroclear Eligible listed equities, corporate and government debt, certificates of deposit, commercial paper
Namibia Bank of Namibia Treasury bills
Netherlands Euroclear Nederland Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, and stripped government bonds
New Zealand New Zealand Central Securities Depository Limited Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Niger Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Nigeria Central Bank of Nigeria Treasury bills and government bonds
Central Securities Clearing System Limited Equities and corporate bonds traded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange
Norway Verdipapirsentralen All listed securities
Oman Muscat Clearing & Depository Company S.A.O.G. Equities, corporate bonds, government debt
Pakistan Central Depository Company of Pakistan Limited Equities and corporate bonds
State Bank of Pakistan Government securities
Panama Central Latinoamericana de Valores, S.A. (LatinClear) Equities, government and corporate debt, commercial paper, short-term securities
Peru CAVALI S.A. Institución de Compensación y Liquidación de Valores All securities in book-entry form traded on the stock exchange
Philippines Philippine Depository & Trust Corporation Eligible equities and debt
Registry of Scripless Securities (ROSS) of the Bureau of the Treasury Government securities
Poland Rejestr Papierów Wartościowych Treasury bills
Krajowy Depozyt Papierów Wartościowych, S.A. Equities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments, Treasury bonds, warrants, and futures contracts
Portugal INTERBOLSA - Sociedad Gestora de Sistemas de Liquidação e de Sistemas Centralizados de Valores Mobiliários, S.A. All local Portuguese instruments
Qatar Qatar Central Securities Depository Equities, government bonds and Treasury bills listed on the Qatar Exchange
Romania National Bank of Romania Treasury bills and bonds
S.C. Depozitarul Central S.A. Bursa de Valori Bucuresti- (Bucharest Stock Exchange-) listed equities, corporate bonds, government bonds, and municipal bonds
Russia National Settlement Depository Eligible equities, Obligatsii Federal’nogo Zaima (OFZs), and corporate debt denominated in RUB
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority Government securities and Saudi government development bonds (SGDBs)
Tadawul Central Securities Depository Equities
Senegal Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Serbia Central Securities Depository and Clearinghouse All instruments
Singapore Monetary Authority of Singapore Government securities
The Central Depository (Pte.) Limited Eligible listed equities and eligible private debt traded in Singapore
Slovak Republic Centrálny depozitár cenných papierov SR, a.s. All dematerialized securities
Slovenia KDD – Centralna klirinško depotna družba d.d. All publicly traded securities
South Africa Strate (Pty) Ltd. Eligible equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, and warrants
Spain IBERCLEAR Government securities, equities, warrants, money market instruments, and corporate bonds
Sri Lanka Central Bank of Sri Lanka Government securities
Central Depository System (Pvt) Limited Equities and corporate bonds
Republic of Srpska Central Registry of Securities in the Republic of Srpska JSC Government securities, equities, and corporate and municipal bonds
Swaziland Central Bank of Swaziland Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
Sweden Euroclear Sweden Government securities, equities, bonds, money market instruments, derivatives, exchange traded funds, and warrants
Switzerland SIX SIS AG Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, derivatives, mutual funds, and warrants
Taiwan - R.O.C. Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Government securities
Taiwan Depository and Clearing Corporation Listed equities, short-term bills, and corporate bonds
Tanzania Central Depository System (CDS), a department of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange Equities and corporate bonds
Thailand Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited Government securities, equities and corporate bonds
Togo Dépositaire Central – Banque de Règlement All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières, the West African regional exchange, including securities from the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de lOuest Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Tunisia Tunisie Clearing All eligible listed securities
Turkey Central Bank of Turkey Government securities
Central Registry Agency Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, mutual fund certificates, exchange traded funds
Uganda Bank of Uganda Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
Securities Central Depository Equities, corporate bonds
Ukraine National Depository of Ukraine Equities, bonds, and money market instruments
United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi Clearing, Settlement, Depository and Registry department of the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange Equities, government securities, and corporate debt
United Arab Emirates – Dubai Financial Market Clearing, Settlement and Depository Division, a department of the Dubai Financial Market Equities, government securities, and corporate debt listed on the DFM
United Arab Emirates – Dubai International Financial Center Central Securities Depository, owned and operated by NASDAQ Dubai Limited Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
United Kingdom Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments
Uruguay Banco Central del Uruguay Government securities
Venezuela Banco Central de Venezuela Government securities
  Caja Venezolana de Valores Equities and corporate bonds
Vietnam Vietnam Securities Depository Equities, government bonds, T-bills, corporate bonds, and public fund certificates
Zambia Bank of Zambia Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
  LuSE Central Shares Depository Limited Treasury bonds, corporate bonds, and equities
Zimbabwe Chengetedzai Depository Company Limited Equities and corporate bonds
  Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Treasury bills and Treasury bonds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSNATIONAL DEPOSITORIES

 

Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. Domestic securities from more than 40 markets

 

Clearstream Banking, S.A. Domestic securities from more than 50 markets

 

 

 

 
 

 

Global Custody Network Publications

Schedule C

 

Publication / Type of Information

(scheduled update frequency)

Brief Description

The Guide to Custody in World Markets

(regular my.statestreet.com updates)

An overview of settlement and safekeeping procedures, custody practices, and foreign investor considerations for the markets in which State Street offers custodial services.

Global Custody Network Review

(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)

Information relating to Foreign Subcustodians in State Street’s Global Custody Network. The Review stands as an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to assist them in complying with SEC Rule 17f-5. The Review also gives insight into State Street’s market expansion and Foreign Subcustodian selection processes, as well as the procedures and controls used to monitor the financial condition and performance of our Foreign Subcustodian banks.

Securities Depository Review

(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)

Custody risk analyses of the Foreign Securities Depositories presently operating in Network markets. This publication is an integral part of the materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to meet informational obligations created by SEC Rule 17f-7.

Global Legal Survey

(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)

With respect to each market in which State Street offers custodial services, opinions relating to whether local law restricts:

 

(i) access of a fund’s independent public accountants to books and records of a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,

 

(ii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,

 

(iii) a fund’s ability to recover in the event of a loss by a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System, and

 

(iv) the ability of a foreign investor to convert cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars.

Subcustodian Agreements

(available on CD-ROM annually)

Copies of the contracts that State Street has entered into with each Foreign Subcustodian that maintains U.S. mutual fund  assets in the markets in which State Street offers custodial services.

Global Market Bulletin

(daily or as necessary via email and on my.statestreet.com)

Information on changing settlement and custody conditions in markets where State Street offers custodial services. Includes changes in market and tax regulations, depository developments, dematerialization information, as well as other market changes that may impact State Street’s clients.
Foreign Custody Risk Advisories (provided as necessary and on my.statestreet.com) For those markets where State Street offers custodial services that exhibit special risks or infrastructures impacting custody, State Street maintains market advisories to highlight those unique market factors which might impact our ability to offer recognized custody service levels.

Foreign Custody Manager Material

Change Notices

(quarterly or as necessary and on my.statestreet.com)

Informational letters and accompanying materials, pursuant to our role as Foreign Custody Manager, confirming State Street’s foreign custody arrangements, including a summary of material changes with Foreign Subcustodians that have occurred during the previous quarter. The notices also identify any material changes in the custodial risks associated with maintaining assets with Foreign Securities Depositories.

 

 

Please contact GlobalMarketInformation@statestreet.com with questions about this document.

 

The information contained in this document has been carefully researched and is believed to be reliable as of the publication date. Due to the complexities of the markets and changing conditions, however, State Street cannot guarantee that it is complete or accurate in every respect. This document should not be construed or used as a substitute for appropriate legal or investment counsel. Specific advice should be sought on matters relevant to the investment activities of the reader. This application contains proprietary information and is fully protected by relevant copyright laws worldwide.

 

Copyright 2017 State Street Corporation

 

www.statestreet.com

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

[     ]

 

 

 

 

 
 

 


January 19, 2021

State Street Bank and Trust Company
1 Iron Street
Boston, MA 02110
Attention: Andrea Griffin, Vice President

Re: FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES (the “Company”)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Please be advised that the undersigned Company has established new Funds to be known as Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund, and Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund, respectively (the “Funds”).

In accordance with Section 20.6, the Additional Funds and Portfolios provision, of the Master Custodian Agreement dated as of March 1, 2017, as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and among each registered investment company party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), the undersigned Company hereby requests that State Street act as Custodian for the new Funds under the terms of the Agreement, and that Appendix A to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. In connection with such request, the undersigned Company hereby confirms, as of the date hereof, its representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7.1 of the Agreement.

Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing this letter agreement and returning a copy to the Company.

Sincerely,

FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES
on behalf of:

FEDERATED HERMES CONSERVATIVE MUNICIPAL MICROSHORT FUND, and

FEDERATED HERMES CONSERVATIVE MICROSHORT FUND

By:  /s/ Lori A. Hensler

Name:  Lori A. Hensler

Title:  Treasurer , Duly Authorized

Agreed and Accepted:

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

By:  /s/ Stefanie Mansfield

Name:  Stefanie Mansfield

Title:  Managing Director , Duly Authorized

Effective Date:  January 19, 2021

 

September 1, 2021

 

State Street Bank and Trust Company

1Iron Street

Boston, MA 02110

Attention: Andrea Griffin, Vice President

 

Re: FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES (the “Company”)

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Please be advised that the undersigned Company has established a new Fund to be known as Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund (the “Fund”).

 

In accordance with Section 20.6, the Additional Funds and Portfolios provision, of the Master Custodian Agreement dated as of March 1, 2017, as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and among each registered investment company party thereto, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), the undersigned Company hereby requests that State Street act as Custodian for the new Funds under the terms of the Agreement, and that Appendix A to the Agreement is hereby amended and restated as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. In connection with such request, the undersigned Company hereby confirms, as of the date hereof, its representations and warranties set forth in Section 20.7.1 of the Agreement.

 

Please indicate your acceptance of the foregoing by executing this letter agreement and returning a copy to the Company.

 

Sincerely,

 

FEDERATED HERMES ADVISER SERIES

on behalf of:

Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund

By: /s/ Lori A. Hensler

Name: Lori A. Hensler

Title: Treasurer, Duly Authorized

 

 

Agreed and Accepted:

STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY

 

By: /s/ Suzanne M. Hinckley

Name: Suzanne M. Hinckley

Title: Senior Vice President, Duly Authorized

Effective Date: September 15, 2021

 
 

 

APPENDIX A

TO

MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT DATED MARCH 1, 2017

(revised as of June 1, 2021)

MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES REGISTERED WITH THE SEC AND PORTFOLIOS THEREOF, IF ANY

Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc. Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities
Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc. Federated Hermes Real Return Bond Fund
  Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust:  
Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:
  Federated Hermes Government Ultra Short Fund
Federated Hermes Adviser Series: Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund  
Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund Federated Hermes Insurance Series:
Federated Hermes Government Income Trust: Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II
Federated Hermes Government Income Fund Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II
  Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II
Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc. Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II
Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II
  Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust:  
Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:
  Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust:  
Federated Short-Intermediate Government Fund Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:
  Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio
Federated Hermes Core Trust: Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio
Bank Loan Core Fund Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio
Mortgage Core Fund  
High Yield Bond Core Fund Federated Hermes MDT Series:
Emerging Markets Core Fund Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund
  Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund
Federated Hermes Core Trust III: Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund
Project and Trade Finance Core Fund Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund
  Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Funds:  
Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund  
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.:
Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund Federated Hermes Core Bond Fund
Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund
Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund
   
Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.: Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:
Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes High Yield Trust Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Equity Advantage Fund Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management
Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund
  Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust
Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust: Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund
Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund  
Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund  
   
   

 

 
 

 

APPENDIX A

to

Master Custodian Agreement Dated March 1, 2017

 

(revised as of September 1, 2023)

 

Management Investment Companies Registered with the SEC and Portfolios thereof, If Any

 

Federated Hermes Equity Income Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Global Allocation Fund

Federated Hermes Government Income Securities, Inc.

 

Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Securities Trust:

Federated Hermes Adjustable Rate Fund

 

Federated Hermes Adviser Series:

Federated Hermes Conservative Municipal Microshort Fund

Federated Hermes Conservative Microshort Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Market Neutral Fund

 

Federated Hermes Government Income Trust:

Federated Hermes Government Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund, Inc.

Federated Hermes Total Return Government Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Trust:

Federated Hermes Short-Term Government Fund

 

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Government Trust:

Federated Short-Intermediate Government Fund

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust:

Bank Loan Core Fund

Mortgage Core Fund

High Yield Bond Core Fund

Emerging Markets Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Core Trust III:

Project and Trade Finance Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Equity Funds:

Federated Hermes Clover Small Value Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Large Cap Fund

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Mid Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes Prudent Bear Fund

 

Federated Hermes ETF Trust

Federated Hermes Short Duration Corporate ETF

Federated Hermes Short Duration High Yield ETF

Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund ETF

 

Federated Hermes Fixed Income Securities, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Strategic Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes High Yield Trust

Federated Hermes Opportunistic High Yield Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust:

Federated Hermes Capital Income Fund

Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities

Federated Hermes Intermediate Corporate Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Inflation Protected Securities Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Term Income Fund

 

Federated Hermes Institutional Trust:

Federated Hermes Government Ultra Short Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional High Yield Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Short-Intermediate Total Return Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Insurance Series:

Federated Hermes Fund for U.S. Government Securities II

Federated Hermes High Income Bond Fund II

Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II

Federated Hermes Managed Volatility Fund II

Federated Hermes Government Money Fund II

Federated Hermes Quality Bond Fund II

 

Federated Hermes Investment Series Funds, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Managed Pool Series:

Federated Hermes Corporate Bond Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes High-Yield Strategy Portfolio

Federated Hermes Mortgage Strategy Portfolio

 

Federated Hermes MDT Series:

Federated Hermes MDT All Cap Core Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Balanced Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Large Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Growth Fund

Federated Hermes MDT Small Cap Core Fund

 

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

 

Federated Hermes Total Return Series, Inc.:

Federated Hermes Core Bond Fund (formerly, Federated Hermes Select Total Return Bond Fund)

Federated Hermes Total Return Bond Fund

Federated Hermes Ultrashort Bond Fund

 

Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust:

Federated Hermes California Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Government Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Money Market Management

Federated Hermes Municipal Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes New York Municipal Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Prime Cash Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Tax-Free Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust

Federated Hermes Treasury Obligations Fund

Federated Hermes Trust for U.S. Treasury Obligations

 

 

Exhibit 25(2)(l) under Form N-2

 

November 13, 2023

 

Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund

4000 Ericsson Drive

Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15086-7561

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the registration of 25,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest in the Trust (the “Shares”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to a registration statement on Form N-2 (File Nos. 333-272108; 811-23174), as amended. This filing also serves as Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement under the Securities Act and as Amendment No. 26 to the registration statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

This opinion letter is being delivered at your request in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 29 of Schedule A of the Securities Act and Item 25(2)(l) of Form N-2 under the Securities Act and the Investment Company Act.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of:

  (i) the prospectus and statement of additional information (collectively, the “Prospectus”) filed as part of the Registration Statement;

 

  (ii) the Trust’s certificate of trust, governing instrument, and bylaws in effect on the date of this opinion letter; and

 

  (iii) the resolutions adopted by the trustees of the Trust relating to the Registration Statement and the authorization for issuance and sale of the Shares.

We also have examined and relied upon certificates of public officials and, as to certain matters of fact that are material to our opinions, we have relied on a certificate of an officer of the Trust. We have not independently established any of the facts on which we have so relied.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed the accuracy and completeness of each document submitted to us, the genuineness of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as facsimile, electronic, certified, conformed, or photostatic copies thereof, and the due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. We have further assumed the legal capacity of natural persons, that persons identified to us as officers of the Trust are actually serving in such capacity, and that the representations of officers of the Trust are correct as to matters of fact. We have not independently verified any of these assumptions.

The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are based on the facts in existence and the laws in effect on the date hereof and are limited to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and the provisions of the Investment Company Act that are applicable to equity securities issued by registered closed-end investment companies. We are not opining on, and we assume no responsibility for, the applicability to or effect on any of the matters covered herein of any other laws.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that (1) the Shares to be issued pursuant to the Registration Statement, when issued and paid for by the purchasers upon the terms described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, and (2) such purchasers will have no obligation to make any further payments for the purchase of the Shares or contributions to the Trust solely by reason of their ownership of the Shares.

This opinion is rendered solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission in connection with the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm’s name under the heading “Legal Opinions” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement or Prospectus within the meaning of the term “expert” as used in Section 11 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Commission, nor do we admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ K&L Gates LLP

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 25(2)(n) under Form N-2

 

 

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

 

We consent to the use of our report dated May 24, 2023, with respect to the financial statements of Federated Hermes Project and Trade Finance Tender Fund, as of March 31, 2023, incorporated herein by reference and to the references to our firm under the headings “Financial Information” in the Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.

 

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

 

Boston, Massachusetts

November 13, 2023

 

Exhibit 25(2)(s) under Form N-2

 

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

 

Form N-2

(Form Type)

 

FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Declaration of Trust)

 

 

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 

  Security Type Security Class Title Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule Amount Registered Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit Maximum Aggregate Offering Price Fee Rate Amount of Registration Fee Carry Forward Form Type Carry Forward File Number Carry Forward Initial Effective Date Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward
Newly Registered Securities
Fees to Be Paid Equity Common shares of beneficial interest 457(o) 25,000,000 $9.99(1) $249,750,000 $147.60 per $1,000,000 $36,864        
Fees Previously Paid                        
Carry Forward Securities
Carry Forward Securities Equity Common shares of beneficial interest 415(a)(6) 20,450,310   $203,889,590.70(2)     N-2 333-272108 May 19, 2023 $22,468.63
Total Offering Amounts   $453,639,590.70   $36,864        
Total Fees Previously Paid                
Total Fee Offsets                
Net Fee Due       $36,864        

 

(1) Shares are offered at net asset value, which will vary. The proposed maximum offering price per unit is calculated based on the net asset value per share of Registrant’s shares as of November 6, 2023.

(2) Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement includes $203,889,590.70 in aggregate principal offering price of unsold common shares of beneficial interest (the “Unsold Shares”) that were previously registered for sale under the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-272108) effective on May 19, 2023 (the “Prior Registration Statement”). The Registrant previously paid filing fees in the aggregate of $22,378.49 relating to the Unsold Shares. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the filing fees previously paid with respect to the Unsold Shares will continue to be applied to such Unsold Shares. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the offering of Unsold Shares under the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement.

 

 

v3.23.3
N-2
Nov. 14, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Central Index Key 0001677615
Amendment Flag false
Entity Inv Company Type N-2
Securities Act File Number 333-272108
Investment Company Act File Number 811-23174
Document Type N-2
Document Registration Statement true
Pre-Effective Amendment false
Post-Effective Amendment true
Post-Effective Amendment Number 2
Investment Company Act Registration true
Investment Company Registration Amendment true
Investment Company Registration Amendment Number 26
Entity Registrant Name FEDERATED HERMES PROJECT AND TRADE FINANCE TENDER FUND
Entity Address, Address Line One 4000 Ericsson Drive
Entity Address, City or Town Warrendale
Entity Address, State or Province PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 15086-7561
City Area Code 412
Local Phone Number 288‑1900
Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only false
Delayed or Continuous Offering true
Primary Shelf [Flag] false
Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) false
Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) false
Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) false
Effective upon Filing, 486(b) false
Effective on Set Date, 486(b) true
Effective on Date, 486(b) Nov. 14, 2023
Effective after 60 Days, 486(a) false
Effective on Set Date, 486(a) false
New Effective Date for Previous Filing false
Additional Securities. 462(b) false
No Substantive Changes, 462(c) false
Exhibits Only, 462(d) false
Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] true
Business Development Company [Flag] false
Interval Fund [Flag] false
Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] false
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No
Entity Emerging Growth Company false
New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] false
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]
 
 
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
 
Sales Load paid by you (as a percentage of offering price)
None
Annual Expenses (percentage of net assets attributable to Shares)
 
Management Fee
0.50%
Other Expenses1
0.15%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.67%
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements2
(0.24)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements
0.43%
Sales Load [Percent] 0.00%
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
 
 
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
 
Sales Load paid by you (as a percentage of offering price)
None
Annual Expenses (percentage of net assets attributable to Shares)
 
Management Fee
0.50%
Other Expenses1
0.15%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
0.02%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
0.67%
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements2
(0.24)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements
0.43%
1
“Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year.
2
The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, proxy-related expenses, premiums for risk insurance policies on portfolio securities and certain legal fees related to specific investments paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund’s Shares (after the waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.40% (the “Fee Limit”) up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) December 1, 2024; or (b) the date of the Fund’s next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
Management Fees [Percent] 0.50%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] 0.02%
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 0.15% [1]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 0.67%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.24%) [2]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 0.43%
Expense Example [Table Text Block]
EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Shares, for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods assuming (1) total annual expenses of 0.67% of net assets attributable to the Shares and (2) a 5% annual return:*
1 Year
$7
3 Years
$21
5 Years
$37
10 Years
$83
The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses.

Actual expenses may be higher or lower.
*
The example assumes that the Operating Expenses remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on reinvested dividends. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your cost would be higher. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 7 [3]
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 21 [3]
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 37 [3]
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 83 [3]
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block]
The purpose of the table below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly.
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] as a percentage of offering price
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] “Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year.
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]
Investment Objective and Policies
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide total return primarily from income.
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus.
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in trade finance, structured trade, export finance, import finance, supply chain financing and project finance assets of entities, including sovereign entities (“trade finance related securities”). Trade finance related securities will be located primarily in, or have exposure to, global emerging markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund anticipates that approximately 75% or more of its assets may be invested in trade finance related securities of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. Trade finance transactions refer to the capital needed to buy or sell, or import or export, products or other tangible goods. Project finance transactions are typically used to build something tangible or to expand existing plant capacity to produce more goods for trade; and the Fund typically invests in project finance deals when the project has been largely completed and goods are being produced for export (i.e., transactions are of a short-term nature).
Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to hold its positions through to maturity. There are no limits on the Fund’s average-weighted maturity. However, under normal conditions, the Fund is anticipated to have an average dollar-weighted maturity of not more than 24 months. The Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments).
Primary Investment Policies
The Adviser and Sub-Adviser believe that trade finance is a risk mitigated asset class and historically, while trade finance is not immune from default arising from credit or sovereign risk factors, during these periods of financial stress, treatment of trade finance creditors typically has been preferential either formally or informally as a result of:
◾ The underlying use or purpose of funds (critical imports or key exports, governmental economic priorities, etc.);
◾ The types of transactional security (export contracts, escrow accounts, inventory, fixed assets, etc.); and
◾ The recognition of the economic benefit that is derived from trade generally.
For purposes of this Prospectus, the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, are sometimes referred to together, as applicable, as the “Fund’s Adviser.”
During sovereign and corporate restructurings, trade finance related securities can achieve differentiated treatment in a default and then recovery situation compared to other forms of debt.
The Fund’s investments are expected to consist primarily of loans, or similar instruments used to finance domestic and international trade and related infrastructure projects. These are expected to include, but not be limited to, facilities for pre-export finance, process and commodities finance, receivables financing, letters of credit and other documentary credits, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments. The Fund may engage in such investments by way of purchase, assignment, participation, guarantee, insurance, derivative or any other appropriate financial instrument. The Fund invests only in funded letters of credit and other instruments that do not create unfunded commitments to lend.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities and obligations for which there is no readily available trading market or which are otherwise illiquid, including trade finance securities and other fixed-income or derivative instruments.
The Fund may also take positions in traditional assets including bonds, (investment-grade or noninvestment-grade (otherwise known as “junk bonds”)) debt securities, equities, foreign exchange instruments, as well as derivatives for the purposes set forth below. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of derivatives will work as intended. Derivative investments made by the Fund are included within the Fund’s 80% policy (as described below) and are calculated at market value. The instruments in which the Fund invests may be guaranteed by the U.S. government. A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments will be in obligations of non-U.S. issuers or borrowers, including those of issuers in emerging markets.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities. Up to 20% of the Fund’s assets may be invested in other types of fixed-income securities and money market instruments as described in this Prospectus. It is the Fund’s Adviser’s intent to focus the Fund’s investments in trade finance related securities.
Because the Fund refers to trade finance related securities in its name, it will notify Shareholders at least 60 days in advance of any change in its investment policies that would enable the Fund to normally invest less than 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in trade finance related securities.
The Fund’s Adviser analyzes the risk-adjusted return characteristics of potential financings and conducts initial expected annual excess return calculations and due diligence analysis of the facility and the obligor to evaluate if they are appropriate investments. Analysis includes:
Origination. Assess quality and track record of originator, define originator’s role in the transaction and define originator’s relationship with the borrower. At this stage, documents are reviewed such as, but not limited to: the offtake contracts, loan agreement, legal opinions, expert consultants’ reports, and insurance policies if applicable.
Obligor. A thorough review of obligor including, but not limited to: credit analysis, shareholders, market position, access to capital markets and quality of audit/accounting firm. Typically, three years of audited financials and projections are required, among other credit-analysis tools to make this assessment.
Country. A country’s credit rating, historic treatment of trade flows, the importance of the sector to this country and currency convertibility are all considered.
Sector. Evaluated under the following considerations: Strategic priority, critical imports, foreign exchange earner, macro sector themes, and liquidity and tax/tariff issues.
Mitigants. The proposed transaction is also evaluated by its ability to mitigate risks such as, but not limited to: country, production, quality, market, operational and payment issues risks, commodity, price, environmental, country and legal. Documentation considerations are also examined closely.
The transaction is then analyzed for its portfolio suitability based upon:
Deal Structure. Tenor, grace period, amortization schedule, drawing conditions and financing structure of the deal are thoroughly reviewed.
Deal Pricing. Relative value of spreads to market, value for risk and return projections are carefully considered.
Portfolio. The tenor, yield target and concentration of the Fund’s portfolio are carefully considered. Concentration analysis includes region, country, and sector and obligor structure.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in shorter-term debt securities and similar obligations or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic, or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate securities); to maintain liquidity to meet Shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such investments could affect the Fund’s investment returns and/or the ability to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives.
Primary Investment Types
The following provides general information on the Fund’s principal investments. The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund’s non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund’s principal investments.
Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund’s Adviser will attempt to identify opportunities and invest the Fund’s assets in trade finance related securities. Specifically, these securities will consist of trade finance, structured trade finance, project finance or export finance transactions where there is a flow of goods or services (typically of a cross-border nature) and a financing need. These trade finance structures are subject to significant individual variation but typical structures may include but not be limited to the following:
Buyer’s credit. An extension of credit typically made by a bank to a buyer of goods (i.e., importer) to finance the purchase of goods under a commercial contract of sale.
Contract frustration and trade credit indemnity. An insurance policy issued by an insurer in favor of an insured (typically a supplier or a bank) that provides conditional coverage to the insured against loss incurred as a result of non-payment/non-delivery by an obligor involved in a trade transaction.
Cross border leases. Cross border leases, often structured with insignificant residual value.
Export credit agency financing. A loan where an export credit agency act as lender, co-lender or guarantor.
Import finance. An extension of credit made to an importer that finances his imports.
Inventory finance. An extension of credit made to a borrowing entity (be it an importer or exporter) secured against the physical inventory held and owned by that borrower. The inventory may be held in a warehouse.
Letter of Credit (L/C). A written undertaking, or obligation, of a bank made at the request of its customer (usually an importer) to honor or pay an exporter against presentation of trade documents that comply with terms specified in the letter of credit.
Multilateral agency financing. A loan where a multilateral agency acts as either a lender or a co-lender. Such a loan may benefit from preferred creditor status in the event of shortages of foreign exchange that may be experienced by sovereign governments.
Pre-export finance. An extension of credit to an exporter before export of the goods has taken place. This can be secured against the subject goods or sales proceeds, or unsecured.
Pre-payment agreement. An extension of credit to an exporter where the source of pay-back is dependent on collections from the end purchaser. The difference between pre-export finance and a pre-payment agreement is that the latter arrangement may involve the buyer of the goods as a contractual party and is in effect a payment for goods in advance of delivery.
Promissory notes, bills of exchange and other forms of negotiable instrument. A written promise to pay issued by (or drawn on) an obligor in favor of a beneficiary.
Receivables. Receivables or flows of receivables created in consideration for the transfer of goods and services.
Supplier Credit. An extension of credit made by a supplier (or exporter) to an importer to finance a purchase of goods. Banks or other lenders may purchase or participate in the credit instrument if the instrument permits transfer.
Trade finance related loans and other loan assignments and participations. The Fund expects primarily to purchase trade finance loans and other loans by assignment, transfer or novation from a participant in the original syndicate of lenders or from subsequent holders of such interests. When a loan is assigned, transferred or novated, the Fund generally is a lender of record on the loan agreement and has full voting rights per the loan agreement. The Fund may also purchase participations on a primary basis from a mandated lead arranger during the formation of the original syndicate making such loans. Loan participations typically represent direct participations in a loan to a corporate or other borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or on behalf of themselves or the lending syndicate. The Fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, the Fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate or other borrower and may assume the credit or counterparty risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. In addition, the Fund will be subject to the requirements of each loan agreement, which may differ. Typically, however, taking action under a loan agreement requires action by more than one lender and, generally, no one lender, unless they are at least a majority lender, can act unilaterally.
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer’s earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security’s yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security’s yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following describes the fixed-income securities in which the Fund principally invests:
Treasury Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Government Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee protects against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The Fund may also purchase interests in bank loans to companies. The credit risks of corporate debt securities vary widely among issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital-securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Fixed-Income Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of notes or pass-through certificates.
Lower-Rated, Fixed-Income Securities
Lower-rated, fixed-income securities are securities rated below investment grade (i.e., BB or lower) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). There is no minimal acceptable rating for a security to be purchased or held by the Fund and the Fund may purchase or hold unrated securities and securities whose issuers are in default.
Foreign Securities
Foreign securities are securities of issuers based outside the United States. To the extent a Fund invests in securities included in its applicable broad-based securities market index, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the applicable index classifies the issuer as based outside the United States. Accordingly, the Fund may consider an issuer to be based outside the United States if the issuer satisfies at least one, but not necessarily all, of the following:
◾ it is organized under the laws of, or has its principal office located in, another country;
◾ the principal trading market for its securities is in another country;
◾ it (directly or through its consolidated subsidiaries) derived in its most current fiscal year at least 50% of its total assets, capitalization, gross revenue or profit from goods produced, services performed or sales made in another country; or
◾ it is classified by an applicable index as based outside the United States.
Foreign securities are primarily denominated in foreign currencies. Along with the risks normally associated with domestic securities of the same type, foreign securities are subject to currency risks and risks of foreign investing. Trading in certain foreign markets is also subject to liquidity risks.
Foreign Government Securities (A Type of Foreign Fixed-Income Security)
Foreign government securities generally consist of fixed-income securities supported by national, state or provincial governments or similar political subdivisions. Foreign government securities also include debt obligations of supranational entities, such as international organizations designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development, international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”), the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
Foreign government securities also include fixed-income securities of quasi-governmental agencies that are either issued by entities owned by a national, state or equivalent government or are obligations of a political unit that are not backed by the national government’s full faith and credit. Further, foreign government securities include mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by national, state or provincial governmental instrumentalities, including quasi-governmental agencies.
Foreign Exchange Contracts
In order to convert U.S. dollars into the currency needed to buy a foreign security, or to convert foreign currency received from the sale of a foreign security into U.S. dollars, the Fund may enter into spot currency trades. In a spot trade, the Fund agrees to exchange one currency for another at the current exchange rate. The Fund may also enter into derivative contracts in which a foreign currency is an underlying asset. The exchange rate for currency derivative contracts may be higher or lower than the spot exchange rate. Use of these derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to currency risks.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that derive their value from underlying securities, commodities, currencies, indices, or other assets or instruments, including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). The most common types of derivative contracts are swaps, futures and options, and major asset classes include interest rates, equities, commodities and foreign exchange. Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a “counterparty.” Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on exchanges. In these circumstances, the relevant exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Parties to an exchange-traded derivative contract make payments through the exchange. Most exchanges require traders to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects traders against a potential default by their counterparty. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows traders to hedge or mitigate certain risks or carry out more complex trading strategies by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC), meaning off-exchange, in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and an eligible counterparty, which may be a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded derivative contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain types of swap contracts (including certain interest rate and credit default swaps) through a central clearinghouse known as a derivatives clearing organization (DCO).
To clear a swap through a DCO, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearinghouse member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a counterparty other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC’s regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on a registered exchange (either a designated contract market (DCM) or swap execution facility (SEF)). Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps; the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
DCOs, DCMs, SEFs and FCMs are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, certain derivative market participants that act as market makers and engage in a significant amount of “dealing” activity are also required to register as swap dealers with the CFTC. Among other things, swap dealers are subject to minimum capital requirements and business conduct standards and must also post and collect initial and variation margin on uncleared swaps with certain of their counterparties. Because of this, if the Fund enters into uncleared swaps with any swap dealers, it may be subject to initial and variation margin requirements that could impact the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market, including making transacting in uncleared swaps significantly more expensive.
At this point in time, most of the Dodd-Frank Act has been fully implemented, though a small number of remaining rulemakings are unfinished or are subject to phase-in periods. Any future regulatory or legislative activity would not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, though it is within the realm of possibility that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a DCO, or certain other factors, such as collecting margin from the counterparty.
As discussed above, a counterparty’s exposure under a derivative contract may in some cases be required to be secured with initial and/or variation margin (a form of “collateral”).
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Act with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures), as well as, currency futures and currency forward contracts.
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or “exercises”) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party’s payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, total return swaps, credit default swaps and currency swaps.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, currency, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities, currencies and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Derivatives Regulation and Asset Coverage
The regulation of the U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In addition, effective August 19, 2022, Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), replaced the asset segregation framework previously used by funds to comply with limitations on leverage imposed by the 1940 Act. The Derivatives Rule generally mandates that a fund either limit derivatives exposure to 10% or less of its net assets, or in the alternative implement: (i) limits on leverage calculated based value-at-risk (VAR); (ii) a written derivatives risk management program (DRMP) administered by a derivatives risk manager appointed by the Fund’s Board, including a majority of the independent Board members, that is periodically reviewed by the Board; and (iii) new reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Fund’s Adviser will determine whether a security is investment grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). For example, Standard & Poor’s, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer’s inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Fund’s Adviser’s credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade. If a security is downgraded below the minimum quality grade discussed above, the Fund’s Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
Investment Ratings for NonInvestment-Grade Securities
Noninvestment-grade securities are rated below BBB- by an NRSRO. These bonds have greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
Illiquid Securities
Illiquid securities are securities that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. These may include private placements, repurchase agreements that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, and securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933.
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies, managing its uninvested cash and/or other investment reasons consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and investment strategies. These other investment companies, which may include shares of an affiliated fund, including a money market fund, are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. These investments also can create conflicts of interest for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquired fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the Adviser to the Fund could make a decision to redeem the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund. In the case of an investment in an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the Fund’s investment in the acquired fund, the acquired fund is able to garner more assets, thereby growing the acquired fund and increasing the management fees received by the investment adviser to the acquired fund, which would either be the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of making investments in other investment companies should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses and resulting conflicts of interest. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Additional Information Regarding the Security Selection Process
As part of analysis in its security selection process, among other factors, the Adviser also evaluates whether environmental, social and governance factors could have positive or negative impact on the risk profiles of many issuers or guarantors in the universe of securities in which the Fund may invest. The Adviser may also consider information derived from active engagements conducted by its in-house stewardship team with certain issuers or guarantors on environmental, social and governance topics. This qualitative analysis does not automatically result in including or excluding specific securities but may be used by Federated Hermes as an additional input in its primary analysis.
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]
Risk Factors
An investment in the Fund involves investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose some or all of your money by investing in the Fund. The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund’s non-principal investments are described in the Fund’s SAI. The Fund’s SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund’s principal investments.
Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class.
Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following:
Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security.
Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities.
Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange.
Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale.
Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk.
Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation.
Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness.
Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments.
Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.”
Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful.
Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof,
ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested.
Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale.
Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source.
Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements.
Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost.
The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost.
Interest Rate Risk
Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%.
Issuer Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
PREPAYMENT AND EXTENSION RISK
During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise.
CALL RISK
Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price.
If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.
SECTOR RISK
Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk
An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Geopolitical Risk
Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession.
Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time.
Risk of Foreign Investing
Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors.
Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States.
Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding.
Currency Risk
Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.
Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law.
Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency.
Leverage Risk
Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
Illiquidity of Shares
The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund.
Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the Fund, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased. In addition, in extreme cases, the Fund may not be able to complete repurchases due to the Fund’s holding of illiquid investments. In that event, you may be able to sell your Shares only if you are able to find an investor willing to purchase your Shares. Any such sale may have to be negotiated at unfavorable prices and must comply with applicable securities laws and must be approved by the Board. Due to the requirements regarding tenders offers and the frequency with which the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares, in the event the Fund makes repurchase offers it is unlikely that the Fund will be able to extend the expiration date of, or increase the amount of, any repurchase offer, which may result in an investor needing to subscribe to more than one repurchase offer to exit the Fund in the case of oversubscribed repurchase offers.
Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers
The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the Fund, the Fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the Fund to do this; however, it may occur. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts.
Large Shareholder Risk
A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]
Description of Capital Structure
SUMMARY OF THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
An investor in the Fund will be a Shareholder of the Fund and his or her rights in the Fund will be established and governed by the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The following is a summary description of additional items and of select provisions of the Declaration of Trust that may not be described elsewhere in this Prospectus or the SAI. The description of such items and provisions is not definitive and reference should be made to the complete text of the Declaration of Trust.
LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
Under Delaware law and the Declaration of Trust, each Shareholder will be liable for the debts and obligations of the Fund only to the extent of the value of such Shareholder’s Shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) shall not be liable to the Fund or any of the Shareholders for any loss or damage occasioned by any act or omission in the performance of their services as such in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their office or as otherwise required by applicable law.
The Declaration of Trust also contains provisions for the indemnification, to the extent permitted by law, of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) by the Fund (but not by the Shareholders individually) against any liability and expense to which any of them may be liable that arise in connection with the performance of their activities on behalf of the Fund. None of these persons shall be personally liable to any Shareholder by reason of any change in the federal or state income tax laws applicable to the Fund or its Shareholders. The rights of indemnification and exculpation provided under the Declaration of Trust shall not be construed so as to limit liability or provide for indemnification of the members and former members of the Board and the Adviser (including certain of its affiliates, among others) for any liability (including liability under applicable federal or state securities laws which, under certain circumstances, impose liability even on persons that act in good faith), to the extent (but only to the extent) that such indemnification or limitation on liability would be in violation of applicable law, but shall be construed so as to effectuate the applicable provisions of the Declaration of Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law.
AMENDMENT
The Declaration of Trust may generally be amended, in whole or in part, with the approval of a majority of the Trustees (including a majority of the Independent Trustees, if required by the 1940 Act). Shareholders have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) affecting their right to vote granted under the Declaration of Trust; (ii) to the Declaration of Trust’s amendment provision; (iii) for which such vote is required by law; and (iv) submitted to them by the Trustees.
TERM, DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
The Fund may be dissolved upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees without Shareholder approval, unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act. In doing so, the Trustees may: (i) sell the Fund’s assets to another entity in exchange for interests in the acquiring entity; or (ii) sell all of the Fund’s assets for cash. Following such liquidation, and after payments to creditors and payment of any Fund expenses, the Fund’s Shareholders are entitled to receive the proceeds of such sale, distributed in proportion to the number of Shares held by each Shareholder. Upon termination of the Fund, the Fund will file a certificate terminating its existence as a Delaware statutory trust.
SHARES
General. All Shares are sold at the most recently calculated net asset value per Share as of the date on which the purchase is accepted. The net asset value of a Share is determined by dividing the Fund’s aggregate net asset value by the number of Shares outstanding at the applicable date.
Reserves. Appropriate reserves may be created, accrued, and charged against net assets for contingent liabilities as of the date the contingent liabilities become known to the Fund. Reserves will be in such amounts (subject to increase or reduction) that the Fund may deem necessary or appropriate. The amount of any reserve (or any increase or decrease therein) will be proportionately charged or credited, as appropriate, against net assets.
Voting. Each Shareholder has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the number of Shares held by such Shareholder at a meeting of Shareholders called by the Board. Shareholders are entitled to vote on any matter as set forth in the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding their ability to exercise their voting privileges, Shareholders in their capacity as such are not entitled to participate in the management or control of the Fund’s business, and may not act for or bind the Fund.
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]
As of the date of this Prospectus, there is only a single class of Shares authorized as follows:
(1)
Title of Class
(2)
Amount Authorized
(3)
Amount held by the Fund
or for its Account
(4)
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Shown Under (3)
Common
Unlimited
N/A
89,549,689.460
Risk Of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Investing In Trade Finance Related Securities
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing primarily in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance and project finance or related obligations of companies or other entities (including sovereign entities) located primarily in or having exposure to global emerging markets. As such, the Fund is subject to all of the risks typical to investments generally made in emerging markets, in addition to risks specific to the trade finance asset class.
Emerging Markets [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Emerging Markets. The Fund will make investments in emerging markets. Investors should be aware that the risks associated with an investment in emerging markets are higher than those attached to similar investments in developed countries. Investment in emerging markets involves risk factors and special considerations which may not be typically associated with investing in more developed markets and are likely to include but not be restricted to the following:
Political and Economic Factors: Political and economic change and instability may be more likely to occur and have a greater effect on the economies and markets of emerging countries. Government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and on currency convertibility and repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the relevant country could result in losses. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in a foreign security.
Status of Loan Markets: In comparison with more developed primary and secondary loan markets, the emerging market loan market is smaller, may experience reduced liquidity and as a result potentially more volatile securities prices. This may result in greater volatility in the net asset value of the Fund than would be the case if the investments were made in more developed markets. In addition, different transaction settlement and clearing procedures, safe custody and registration procedures may be underdeveloped enhancing the chance of an error, fraud or default, causing losses to the Fund. Such underdeveloped procedures may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. In addition, custodial expenses for emerging market securities are generally higher than for developed market securities.
Legal Considerations: The legal infrastructure and accounting, auditing and reporting standards in emerging markets may not provide the same degree of investor information or protection as would generally apply in more developed markets. Certain investments in particular emerging markets may be subject to restrictions which may limit the availability of attractive investment opportunities to the Fund. Furthermore, emerging markets are generally not as efficient as those in more developed countries. In some cases, a market for the security may not exist locally and therefore transactions may need to be made on a neighboring exchange.
Costs: Emerging markets securities may incur brokerage or stock transfer taxes or other withholding taxes levied by foreign governments which may have the effect of increasing the cost of investment and which may reduce the realized gain or increase the loss on such securities at the time of sale.
Regulation: The issuers of emerging markets securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to less stringent regulation than would be the case for issuers in developed countries, and therefore potentially carry greater risk.
Accounting Reporting Standards: The issuers of emerging market securities or borrowers in emerging market countries, such as companies, banks and other financial institutions, may be subject to local accounting and audit practices. These may differ from international accounting practices leading to a greater risk of financial misreporting or misrepresentation.
Credit Ratings: Emerging market loans are often unrated but may also be below investment grade (or “junk” investments). The market values of corporate loans rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than for higher rated securities. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service debt obligations during an economic downturn may be impaired. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or principal by such issuers is significantly greater than in the case of investment-grade securities. These securities may be subordinated to the prior payment of senior or secured indebtedness.
Taxation: Taxation of interest received by the Fund with respect to emerging market borrowers may be subject to foreign taxes that may or may not be reclaimable. Trade finance related securities may include methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such techniques will be successful. In addition, markets in which the Fund invests may have less well developed or defined tax laws and procedures than in more developed markets and this may adversely affect the level of tax suffered by investment in those markets. This may also include the imposition of retroactive taxation which had not reasonably been anticipated in the valuation of the assets of the Fund. This may result in uncertainty which could necessitate significant provisions being made for foreign taxes in the calculation of the NAV of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and to qualify each year as a RIC under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet certain requirements regarding the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. Interest received by the Fund in connection with its trade finance related investments will be qualifying income for purposes of such requirements, but income from engaging in lending or other business activities would not be qualifying income. The Fund must take into account the distinction between these types of income in structuring its participation in trade finance related investments.
Additional risks associated with investing in foreign securities, and emerging markets in particular, are discussed below under “Risks of Foreign Investing.”
Transportation and Warehousing Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Transportation and Warehousing Risk. Because of the transaction structuring involved, certain of the Fund’s investments will be backed by commodities or other trade finance goods in transit or held in warehouses or physical assets such as plant or land. Negligence and fraud are always significant risks in transactions involving the financing of such assets. The Fund may use methods to minimize such risks but no assurance can be given that such efforts will be successful.
Legal Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Legal Risk. Laws in emerging markets may be less sophisticated than in developed countries. Accordingly the Fund may be subject to additional legal risks concerning its investments in the underlying trade finance related security and in particular the effectiveness of various legal contracts that form the trade finance related security such as loan documentation, local law security agreements and collateral management arrangements. These include, but are not limited to, inadequate investor protection, unclear or contradictory legislation or regulations and lack of enforcement thereof,
ignorance or breach of legislation or regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of legal redress and breaches of confidentiality. It may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in certain emerging markets against borrowers or against local assets which provide collateral or security in support of a specific investment in a trade finance related security in which the Fund may be invested.
Collateral Price Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Collateral Price Risk. Many investment transactions may be supported or secured by underlying collateral, which may include primary commodities, and other secondary or tertiary goods or physical assets. The price of this commodity or asset collateral may be highly volatile in terms of value or subject to illiquidity at the time of a required sale.
Liquidity [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Liquidity. Trade finance investments are not listed on any stock exchange or securities market, and the established or recognized market (if any) for the investments may be relatively small and/or poorly developed, therefore trades may only be executed on a matched bargain basis and prices may not be published or be readily available from an independent price source.
Market Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Market Risk. The profitability of the investment strategy of the Fund may depend on correct assessments of the future course of credit spreads of trade finance loans and other investments by the Fund’s Adviser. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s Adviser will be able to accurately predict such price movements.
Specificity of Certain Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Specificity of Certain Investments. Certain securities in particular jurisdictions may only be held by entities (often banks) resident in those jurisdictions, and not directly by the Fund. Depending on the existence or otherwise and local interpretation of trust or fiduciary laws in the relevant jurisdiction, the Fund may have the risk of such entity holding or registering such security. In the event of the insolvency of such an entity, the Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of such security may be lost.
The Fund may also acquire participations, sub-participations or other interests in emerging market debt, where the additional performance risk of the grantor of such interest will be taken, as well as the risk of the underlying emerging market debt. In the event of the insolvency of the grantor, the relevant Fund would only rank as an unsecured creditor and the whole or part of the relevant investments may be lost.
Issuer Credit Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Issuer Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities receive credit ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO’s assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser’s credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security’s spread may also increase if the security’s rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline if interest rates remain unchanged.
Counterparty Credit Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
Prepayment And Extension Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
PREPAYMENT AND EXTENSION RISK
During periods of declining interest rates or for other purposes, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which may force the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding debt instruments. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, borrowers are less likely to prepay principal. A decreased rate of prepayments lengthens the expected maturity of a mortgage-backed security, and the price of mortgage-backed securities may decrease more than the price of other fixed-income securities when interest rates rise.
Call Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
CALL RISK
Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security before maturity (a “call”) at a price below its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price.
If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
Liquidity Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Loan instruments may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of loans may require weeks to complete. Thus, transactions in loan instruments may take longer than seven days to settle. This could pose a liquidity risk to the Fund and, if the Fund’s exposure to such investments is substantial, could impair the Fund’s ability to meet shareholder redemptions in a timely manner. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the instrument. Loans and other forms of indebtedness may be structured such that they are not securities under securities laws. As such, it is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections, such as those against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, while there can be no assurance that fraud or misrepresentation will not occur with respect to the loans and other investments in which the Fund invests, the Fund relies on the Adviser’s research in an attempt to seek to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the Fund.
Risk Associated With Non Investment Grade Securities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal.
Sector Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
SECTOR RISK
Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the possibility that a certain sector may underperform other sectors or the market as a whole. As the Adviser allocates more of the Fund’s portfolio holdings to a particular sector, the Fund’s performance will be more susceptible to any economic, business or other developments which generally affect that sector.
Risk Related To The Economy [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the Fund invests and/or other markets based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions, or industry or economic trends and developments, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other adverse effects, which could negatively impact the Fund’s performance. For example, the value of certain portfolio securities may rise or fall in response to changes in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, and has the potential to cause investors to move out of certain portfolio securities, including fixed-income securities, on a large scale. This may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of certain securities and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds and loans may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk
An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in late 2019 and subsequently spread globally. This coronavirus has resulted in, and may continue to result in, closed borders, enhanced health screenings, disruptions to healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, and disruptions to supply chains, workflow operations and consumer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus has resulted in substantial economic volatility. Health crises caused by outbreaks, such as the coronavirus outbreak, may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks. The impact of this outbreak, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could continue to negatively affect the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, individual companies, including certain Fund service providers and issuers of the Fund’s investments, and the markets in general in significant and unforeseen ways. In addition, governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions in response to the pandemic, including significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, that may affect the instruments in which the Fund invests or the issuers of such instruments. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Geopolitical Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Geopolitical Risk
Global economic, political and financial conditions, war or other military action or political or economic sanctions, may, from time to time, and for varying periods of time, cause volatility, illiquidity, shareholder repurchase requests, loss of value, or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. In particular, as a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the European Union, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession.
Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time.
Risk Of Foreign Investing [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Foreign Investing
Foreign securities pose additional risks because foreign economic or political conditions may be less favorable than those of the United States. Securities in foreign markets may also be subject to taxation policies that reduce returns for U.S. investors.
Foreign companies may not provide information (including financial statements) as frequently or to as great an extent as companies in the United States. Foreign companies may also receive less coverage than U.S. companies by market analysts and the financial press. In addition, foreign countries may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. These factors may prevent the Fund and its Adviser from obtaining information concerning foreign companies that is as frequent, extensive and reliable as the information available concerning companies in the United States.
Foreign countries may have restrictions on foreign ownership of securities or may impose exchange controls, capital flow restrictions or repatriation restrictions which could adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Since many loan instruments involve parties (for example, lenders, borrowers and agent banks) located in multiple jurisdictions outside of the United States, there is a risk that a security interest in any related collateral may be unenforceable and obligations under the related loan agreements may not be binding.
Currency Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Currency Risk
Exchange rates for currencies fluctuate daily. The combination of currency risk and market risks tends to make securities traded in foreign markets more volatile than securities traded exclusively in the United States. The Adviser and Sub-Adviser attempt to manage currency risk by limiting the amount the Fund invests in securities denominated in a particular currency. However, diversification will not protect the Fund against a general increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.
Investing in currencies or securities denominated in a foreign currency, entails risk of being exposed to a currency that may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the economy of the country or region utilizing the currency. Currency risk includes both the risk that currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded, or currencies in which the Fund has taken an active investment position, will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. In addition, it is possible that a currency (such as, for example, the euro) could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use, and the effects of such an abandonment on the applicable country and the rest of the countries utilizing the currency are uncertain but could negatively affect the Fund’s investments denominated in the currency. If a currency used by a country or countries is replaced by another currency, the Fund’s Adviser and Sub-Adviser would evaluate whether to continue to hold any investments denominated in such currency, or whether to purchase investments denominated in the currency that replaces such currency, at the time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law.
Many countries rely heavily upon export-dependent businesses and any strength in the exchange rate between a currency and the U.S. dollar or other currencies can have either a positive or a negative effect upon corporate profits and the performance of investments in the country or region utilizing the currency. Adverse economic events within such country or region may increase the volatility of exchange rates against other currencies, subjecting the Fund’s investments denominated in such country’s or region’s currency to additional risks. In addition, certain countries, particularly emerging market countries, may impose foreign currency exchange controls or other restrictions on the transferability, repatriation or convertibility of currency.
Leverage Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Leverage Risk
Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund’s risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
Risk Of Investing In Derivative Contracts And Hybrid Instruments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund may use currency forwards for hedging purposes. In addition, although not generally anticipated, the Fund reserves the flexibility to use other derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. The Fund’s exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for Federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to Shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to Shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund’s total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant Shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments. Any such termination of the Fund’s OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, currency, liquidity and leverage risks.
Illiquidity Of Shares [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Illiquidity of Shares
The Fund is a closed-end investment company designed primarily for long-term investors and is not intended to be a trading vehicle. The Fund does not currently intend to list Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. There is no secondary trading market for Shares, and it is not expected that a secondary market will develop. Shares therefore are not readily marketable. Because the Fund is a closed-end investment company, Shares in the Fund may not be tendered for repurchase on a daily basis, and they may not be exchanged for shares of any other fund.
Although the Fund, at the discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the Fund, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for pro-ration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they otherwise would wish to have repurchased. In addition, in extreme cases, the Fund may not be able to complete repurchases due to the Fund’s holding of illiquid investments. In that event, you may be able to sell your Shares only if you are able to find an investor willing to purchase your Shares. Any such sale may have to be negotiated at unfavorable prices and must comply with applicable securities laws and must be approved by the Board. Due to the requirements regarding tenders offers and the frequency with which the Fund expects to offer to repurchase Shares, in the event the Fund makes repurchase offers it is unlikely that the Fund will be able to extend the expiration date of, or increase the amount of, any repurchase offer, which may result in an investor needing to subscribe to more than one repurchase offer to exit the Fund in the case of oversubscribed repurchase offers.
Potential Consequences Of Regular Repurchase Offers [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers
The Fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the Fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the Fund. It may also force the Fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the Fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the Fund, the Fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the Fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the Fund to do this; however, it may occur. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain a portion of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalents. The amount may vary, but typically will be approximately the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers (currently expected to be 5-15% of the net asset value of the Fund). An allocation of cash or cash equivalents above the amount of the outstanding repurchase offers also may be maintained to operate the Fund and effect its investment program. When the Fund holds cash or cash equivalents, it is unable to invest those assets in other investments consistent with its investment objective and investment strategies, and the Fund may receive less returns on such cash and cash equivalents as compared to such other investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by holding cash or cash equivalents in such amounts.
Large Shareholder Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Large Shareholder Risk
A significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares may be owned or controlled by a large shareholder, such as other funds or accounts, including those of which the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may have investment discretion. Accordingly, the Fund can be subject to the potential for large scale inflows and outflows as a result of purchases and redemptions made by significant shareholders. These inflows and outflows could be significant and, if frequently occurring, could negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance and could cause the Fund to buy or sell securities at inopportune times in order to meet purchase or redemption requests. Investments in the Fund by other investment companies also can create conflicts of interests for the Adviser to the Fund and the investment adviser to the acquiring fund. For example, a conflict of interest can arise due to the possibility that the investment adviser to the acquiring fund could make a decision to redeem the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund. In the case of an investment by an affiliated fund, a conflict of interest can arise if, because of the acquiring fund’s investment in the Fund, the Fund is able to garner more assets from third-party investors, thereby growing the Fund and increasing the management fees received by the Adviser, which could also be the investment adviser to the acquiring fund.
Technology Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
Interest Rate Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Interest Rate Risk
Prices of fixed-income securities rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. The duration of a fixed-income security may be equal to or shorter than the stated maturity of a fixed-income security. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates. For example, if a fixed-income security has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to decline about 3% while a 1% decrease in general interest rates would be expected to cause the security’s value to increase about 3%.
Business Contact [Member]  
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Address, Address Line One 1001 Liberty Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town Pittsburgh
Entity Address, State or Province PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 15222-3779
Contact Personnel Name Peter J. Germain, Esquire
Common Shares [Member]  
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] percentage of net assets attributable to Shares
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Common
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 89,549,689.460
[1] “Other Expenses” include the Fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses and are estimated for the current fiscal year.
[2] The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, proxy-related expenses, premiums for risk insurance policies on portfolio securities and certain legal fees related to specific investments paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund’s Shares (after the waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.40% (the “Fee Limit”) up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) December 1, 2024; or (b) the date of the Fund’s next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
[3] The example assumes that the Operating Expenses remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on reinvested dividends. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your cost would be higher. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.

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